International Congress on Mycorrhizae: mycorrhizal
... of mycorrhizal biotechnologies in agro-ecological engineering strategies and the socio-economic environment of tropical and Mediterranean areas. In the opening conference on the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza for plant health, Prof. Paola Bonfante (Italy) provided an overview on the cellular and mole ...
... of mycorrhizal biotechnologies in agro-ecological engineering strategies and the socio-economic environment of tropical and Mediterranean areas. In the opening conference on the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza for plant health, Prof. Paola Bonfante (Italy) provided an overview on the cellular and mole ...
Dynamic Energy Budget model parameter estimation for the bivalve
... the DEB context, this means the early juvenile stages (larvae) grow as a V1-morph: surface area increases proportionately with volume, and therefore the surface-area specific assimilation rate ṗAm and energy conductance v̇ increase proportionately with length (Kooijman et al., 2011). At late juvenil ...
... the DEB context, this means the early juvenile stages (larvae) grow as a V1-morph: surface area increases proportionately with volume, and therefore the surface-area specific assimilation rate ṗAm and energy conductance v̇ increase proportionately with length (Kooijman et al., 2011). At late juvenil ...
Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and
... empirical tests of disease ecology theory in diverse natural systems. 2. To assess whether the potential complementarity between WDM and disease ecology theory has been realized, we evaluate the extent to which specific concepts in disease ecology theory have been explicitly applied in peer-reviewed ...
... empirical tests of disease ecology theory in diverse natural systems. 2. To assess whether the potential complementarity between WDM and disease ecology theory has been realized, we evaluate the extent to which specific concepts in disease ecology theory have been explicitly applied in peer-reviewed ...
2.86 MB - Participate Melbourne
... layers contribute to its status as one of the world’s most liveable cities. Whilst much is heard about Melbourne’s liveability, its rich biological diversity is less often celebrated. Biological diversity refers to a variety of nature, including all living organisms and the ecosystems they form. Bio ...
... layers contribute to its status as one of the world’s most liveable cities. Whilst much is heard about Melbourne’s liveability, its rich biological diversity is less often celebrated. Biological diversity refers to a variety of nature, including all living organisms and the ecosystems they form. Bio ...
Joseph et al. 2013 Taming wildlife disease
... empirical tests of disease ecology theory in diverse natural systems. 2. To assess whether the potential complementarity between WDM and disease ecology theory has been realized, we evaluate the extent to which specific concepts in disease ecology theory have been explicitly applied in peer-reviewed ...
... empirical tests of disease ecology theory in diverse natural systems. 2. To assess whether the potential complementarity between WDM and disease ecology theory has been realized, we evaluate the extent to which specific concepts in disease ecology theory have been explicitly applied in peer-reviewed ...
Title Variation in Low Intertidal Communities: Submerged vs
... amphipods and isopods was found to vary at different tidal levels and different times during the tidal cycle (Ingólfsson and Agnarsson, 2003). A study carried out in the rocky intertidal zone in Ireland found a significant trend of decreasing biodiversity with increasing shore height during periods ...
... amphipods and isopods was found to vary at different tidal levels and different times during the tidal cycle (Ingólfsson and Agnarsson, 2003). A study carried out in the rocky intertidal zone in Ireland found a significant trend of decreasing biodiversity with increasing shore height during periods ...
Effects of disturbance by Siberian marmots (Marmota sibirica) on
... Mongolia (Zahler et al. 2004); however, little is known about some of its ecological roles; in particular in creating spatial heterogeneity at the landscape scale. The types of vegetation that grow on the mounds created by Siberian marmots can differ greatly from that on the surrounding, comparative ...
... Mongolia (Zahler et al. 2004); however, little is known about some of its ecological roles; in particular in creating spatial heterogeneity at the landscape scale. The types of vegetation that grow on the mounds created by Siberian marmots can differ greatly from that on the surrounding, comparative ...
MUTUALISMS AND AQUATIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE: The
... compete with, or parasitize their partner species. These dynamic, and often diffuse, mutualisms strongly affect community organization and ecosystem processes, but the historic focus on pairwise interactions decoupled from their more complex community context has obscured their importance. In aquati ...
... compete with, or parasitize their partner species. These dynamic, and often diffuse, mutualisms strongly affect community organization and ecosystem processes, but the historic focus on pairwise interactions decoupled from their more complex community context has obscured their importance. In aquati ...
Ecotypes and the controversy over stages in the formation of new
... abstract distinction between the ecological versus genetic aspects of taxonomic groups and presented ecotypes as discrete units of organization (Turesson, 1922a, b; Hagen, 1983, 1984). However, this distinction between ecology and genetics quickly dissolved by the next year. In a follow-up paper, Tu ...
... abstract distinction between the ecological versus genetic aspects of taxonomic groups and presented ecotypes as discrete units of organization (Turesson, 1922a, b; Hagen, 1983, 1984). However, this distinction between ecology and genetics quickly dissolved by the next year. In a follow-up paper, Tu ...
Temperate rocky subtidal reef community reveals human impacts
... short average path between species, the impact of disturbances could rapidly propagate throughout the entire ecosystem. This result is in good agreement with the recent historical compilation of food webs reported by Sala (2004) for the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, there are still comparatively few ...
... short average path between species, the impact of disturbances could rapidly propagate throughout the entire ecosystem. This result is in good agreement with the recent historical compilation of food webs reported by Sala (2004) for the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, there are still comparatively few ...
Defining Biodiversity Assessing Biodiversity
... measurement equally capricious. Is allelic diversity part of biodiversity? Or only species? What about individual differences? Do we have to worry about community structure? Is the number of species the appropriate measure? Do we have to take rarity and commonality into account? Or should we worry a ...
... measurement equally capricious. Is allelic diversity part of biodiversity? Or only species? What about individual differences? Do we have to worry about community structure? Is the number of species the appropriate measure? Do we have to take rarity and commonality into account? Or should we worry a ...
Success and its limits among structural models of complex food webs
... reduced as rirel increases, which prevents excessive levels of looping. Like the RNM, the generalized niche model (GNM) (Stouffer et al. 2006) introduces a contiguity parameter c that enables the ONM’s intervality to be broken. The GNM narrows species’ contiguous feeding ranges by multiplying ri by ...
... reduced as rirel increases, which prevents excessive levels of looping. Like the RNM, the generalized niche model (GNM) (Stouffer et al. 2006) introduces a contiguity parameter c that enables the ONM’s intervality to be broken. The GNM narrows species’ contiguous feeding ranges by multiplying ri by ...
Anurag Agrawal - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... Organization for Tropical Studies field course: Tropical Biology 95-3 M.A., Conservation Biology University of Pennsylvania B.A., Biology Magna Cum Laude University of Pennsylvania ...
... Organization for Tropical Studies field course: Tropical Biology 95-3 M.A., Conservation Biology University of Pennsylvania B.A., Biology Magna Cum Laude University of Pennsylvania ...
Estimating the Major Contributors to Environmental
... Madu (2009) showed that population size and affluence are the most important anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts in Nigeria, while urbanisation or modernisation brings about a reduction in environmental impacts. Roberts (2012) used the STIRPAT framework to assess the strength of agestruct ...
... Madu (2009) showed that population size and affluence are the most important anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts in Nigeria, while urbanisation or modernisation brings about a reduction in environmental impacts. Roberts (2012) used the STIRPAT framework to assess the strength of agestruct ...
Signatures of Natural Selection and Ecological Differentiation in
... sequence-based statistical tests to identify genes under positive selection – in order to discover ecologically distinct populations and how they adapt to different niches. Our motivation for this line of research could be driven by basic curiosity about the microbial world, but could also have prac ...
... sequence-based statistical tests to identify genes under positive selection – in order to discover ecologically distinct populations and how they adapt to different niches. Our motivation for this line of research could be driven by basic curiosity about the microbial world, but could also have prac ...
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION RESEARCH
... assumption that particular levels can be unambiguously considered good (Lawler et al. 2002). Even when the implication of purpose is removed by defining functioning as simply showing activity (Naeem et al. 1999), the problem of value judgment remains. In intensively managed ecosystems (e.g., agricul ...
... assumption that particular levels can be unambiguously considered good (Lawler et al. 2002). Even when the implication of purpose is removed by defining functioning as simply showing activity (Naeem et al. 1999), the problem of value judgment remains. In intensively managed ecosystems (e.g., agricul ...
Laurance 2008 - Reed F. Noss Lab at the University of Central
... chopped up into fragments of various sizes and degrees of isolation. Distinguishing the impacts of these two processes on biodiversity is challenging because they generally co-vary. For example, in forested landscapes in which most of the original habitat has been destroyed, the surviving fragments ...
... chopped up into fragments of various sizes and degrees of isolation. Distinguishing the impacts of these two processes on biodiversity is challenging because they generally co-vary. For example, in forested landscapes in which most of the original habitat has been destroyed, the surviving fragments ...
Managing zone-of-influence effects of oil and gas activities on
... Abiotic changes (e.g., temperature, wind, humidity) in areas adjacent to edges directly affect biotic processes such as plant desiccation, growth rates, and windthrow, but these effects can be complex. For example, forest edges might be associated with higher tree mortality rates but also higher rat ...
... Abiotic changes (e.g., temperature, wind, humidity) in areas adjacent to edges directly affect biotic processes such as plant desiccation, growth rates, and windthrow, but these effects can be complex. For example, forest edges might be associated with higher tree mortality rates but also higher rat ...
Trophic structure and interactions in Lake Ayamé \(Côte d`Ivoire\)
... The group-specific omnivory index (OI) is computed as the variance of the TLs of each predator’s prey groups (Christensen and Pauly, 1993) while the system omnivory index (SOI) is computed as the average omnivory index of all consumers weighted by the logarithm of each consumer's food intake, Q (Chr ...
... The group-specific omnivory index (OI) is computed as the variance of the TLs of each predator’s prey groups (Christensen and Pauly, 1993) while the system omnivory index (SOI) is computed as the average omnivory index of all consumers weighted by the logarithm of each consumer's food intake, Q (Chr ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... fusely defined “functional” or “trophic” species (Martinez et al. 1999; Baiser et al. 2011); groups of species on the basis of their spatial distribution (Baskerville et al. 2011). This is because SINs are amenable to the study of all types of ecological interactions, regardless of the resolution of ...
... fusely defined “functional” or “trophic” species (Martinez et al. 1999; Baiser et al. 2011); groups of species on the basis of their spatial distribution (Baskerville et al. 2011). This is because SINs are amenable to the study of all types of ecological interactions, regardless of the resolution of ...
Natural Selection Teacher Handout
... natural selection! Favorable traits, like having a long neck for a giraffe, make the organism more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population. In other words, the organism’s environment selects for these traits. A classic example of natural selectio ...
... natural selection! Favorable traits, like having a long neck for a giraffe, make the organism more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population. In other words, the organism’s environment selects for these traits. A classic example of natural selectio ...
Natural Selection Teacher Handout Module Overview
... natural selection! Favorable traits, like having a long neck for a giraffe, make the organism more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population. In other words, the organism’s environment selects for these traits. A classic example of natural selectio ...
... natural selection! Favorable traits, like having a long neck for a giraffe, make the organism more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population. In other words, the organism’s environment selects for these traits. A classic example of natural selectio ...
Natural_Selection_TeacherHandout
... natural selection! Favorable traits, like having a long neck for a giraffe, make the organism more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population. In other words, the organism’s environment selects for these traits. A classic example of natural selectio ...
... natural selection! Favorable traits, like having a long neck for a giraffe, make the organism more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population. In other words, the organism’s environment selects for these traits. A classic example of natural selectio ...
Hixon, M. A., P. W. Pacala, and S. A. Sandin. 2002. Population
... 1902). Nicholson (1933) was a major advocate of population regulation via competition, with notable allies including Elton (Elton and Nicholson 1942, which represented substantial revision of Elton’s earlier views [Elton 1930]) and Lack (1954). Debate expanded and peaked in the 1950s during heated e ...
... 1902). Nicholson (1933) was a major advocate of population regulation via competition, with notable allies including Elton (Elton and Nicholson 1942, which represented substantial revision of Elton’s earlier views [Elton 1930]) and Lack (1954). Debate expanded and peaked in the 1950s during heated e ...
Biotic interactions and speciation in the tropics
... Dobzhansky (1950) and Fischer (1960) both suggested that density independent mortality caused by a harsh climate plays a greater role in temperate than tropical environments, and that biotic interactions constitute the primary selective pressures in the tropics. Furthermore, they proposed that this ...
... Dobzhansky (1950) and Fischer (1960) both suggested that density independent mortality caused by a harsh climate plays a greater role in temperate than tropical environments, and that biotic interactions constitute the primary selective pressures in the tropics. Furthermore, they proposed that this ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.