ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE—IN THEORY AND APPLICATION
... Resilience is an emergent property of ecosystems and is related to self-organized behavior of those ecosystems over time. In this sense, self-organization is the interaction between structure and process that leads to system development, regardless of initial conditions. Self-organization also impli ...
... Resilience is an emergent property of ecosystems and is related to self-organized behavior of those ecosystems over time. In this sense, self-organization is the interaction between structure and process that leads to system development, regardless of initial conditions. Self-organization also impli ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning - annurev-ecolsys
... Biodiversity is now known to be a major determinant, perhaps the major determinant, of community and ecosystem dynamics and functioning. This discovery, which required two decades of research by hundreds of ecologists from around the world, represents a major reversal from the paradigm of the 1970s ...
... Biodiversity is now known to be a major determinant, perhaps the major determinant, of community and ecosystem dynamics and functioning. This discovery, which required two decades of research by hundreds of ecologists from around the world, represents a major reversal from the paradigm of the 1970s ...
Eds., K. Omori, X. Guo, N. Yoshie, N. Fujii, I.... © by TERRAPUB, 2011.
... but bias may also arise due to differential digestive rates of different prey types by upper trophic level species. Large prey such as fishes tend to be digested at a slower rate, and hence persist longer in stomach contents, than do smaller, lower trophic level species such as zooplankton (Jobling, ...
... but bias may also arise due to differential digestive rates of different prey types by upper trophic level species. Large prey such as fishes tend to be digested at a slower rate, and hence persist longer in stomach contents, than do smaller, lower trophic level species such as zooplankton (Jobling, ...
Ecology 4.1, 4.2, 5.1 Slides
... Three factors can affect population size: the number of births the number of deaths the number of individuals that enter or leave the population A population can grow when its birthrate is greater ...
... Three factors can affect population size: the number of births the number of deaths the number of individuals that enter or leave the population A population can grow when its birthrate is greater ...
Natural Selection
... natural selection definition of natural selection by the - natural selection n the process in nature by which according to darwin s theory of evolution organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive, natural selection understanding evolution - natural selection is one of the ...
... natural selection definition of natural selection by the - natural selection n the process in nature by which according to darwin s theory of evolution organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive, natural selection understanding evolution - natural selection is one of the ...
Ebony Murrell`s CV - Department of Ecosystem Science and
... Murrell, E.G., and Juliano, S.A. 2013. Predation resistance does not trade off with competitive ability in early-colonizing mosquitoes. Oecologia 173(3):1033-1042. Damal, K., Murrell, E.G., Juliano, S.A., Conn, J., and Loew, S. 2013. Phylogeography of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) in south F ...
... Murrell, E.G., and Juliano, S.A. 2013. Predation resistance does not trade off with competitive ability in early-colonizing mosquitoes. Oecologia 173(3):1033-1042. Damal, K., Murrell, E.G., Juliano, S.A., Conn, J., and Loew, S. 2013. Phylogeography of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) in south F ...
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple
... Accordingly, pattern formation has long been a focus of research in nearly every field of biology, at levels of organization ranging from cells (161) and organisms (82, 111) to entire landscapes (46, 81, 123, 146), as well as in branches of chemistry, mathematics, physics, geology, and the social sc ...
... Accordingly, pattern formation has long been a focus of research in nearly every field of biology, at levels of organization ranging from cells (161) and organisms (82, 111) to entire landscapes (46, 81, 123, 146), as well as in branches of chemistry, mathematics, physics, geology, and the social sc ...
Competitive avoidance not edaphic specialization drives vertical
... may also play a role in driving the differential vertical distribution of EM fungi. It is widely recognized that the plant root density declines with increasing depth (Jackson et al., 1996), and Peay et al. (2011) found evidence that EM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by horizon ...
... may also play a role in driving the differential vertical distribution of EM fungi. It is widely recognized that the plant root density declines with increasing depth (Jackson et al., 1996), and Peay et al. (2011) found evidence that EM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by horizon ...
EvoDevo and niche construction: building bridges
... convention within evolutionary biology that natural selection should be regarded as the ultimate cause of such phenotypic characters, a convention that historians of science have dated to an article written by Mayr in 1961 (Amundson, 2005). From the perspective of a philosophical consideration of ca ...
... convention within evolutionary biology that natural selection should be regarded as the ultimate cause of such phenotypic characters, a convention that historians of science have dated to an article written by Mayr in 1961 (Amundson, 2005). From the perspective of a philosophical consideration of ca ...
Succession
... A climax community is when the vegetation has reached a _____________ _______________; equilibrium. The climax community will continue to exist until there is a __________________. ...
... A climax community is when the vegetation has reached a _____________ _______________; equilibrium. The climax community will continue to exist until there is a __________________. ...
CBD
... flexible Integral Population Model approach (see the book by Kery and Schaub, Bayesian Population Analysis Using WinBugs). In 2016, the first empirical results from the Daphnia experimental system set up by Professor Sigurd Einum appeared. This system is excellent for parameterizing models describin ...
... flexible Integral Population Model approach (see the book by Kery and Schaub, Bayesian Population Analysis Using WinBugs). In 2016, the first empirical results from the Daphnia experimental system set up by Professor Sigurd Einum appeared. This system is excellent for parameterizing models describin ...
Behavioural leads in evolution: evidence from the
... challenges of using fossil sequences to elucidate behavioural roles, including insufficient stratigraphic resolution and uncertainty over the adaptive function of observed traits. By the same token, they suggest criteria for choosing promising cases for research, as well as for formulating testable ...
... challenges of using fossil sequences to elucidate behavioural roles, including insufficient stratigraphic resolution and uncertainty over the adaptive function of observed traits. By the same token, they suggest criteria for choosing promising cases for research, as well as for formulating testable ...
2007-2008 - Illinois Natural History Survey
... research at INHS. Its world-renowned collections both reflect and support the active roles that our scientists continue to play in efforts to improve knowledge of Earth’s biological diversity. The INHS biological collections, assembled by Survey scientists and others over the past 150 years, and in ...
... research at INHS. Its world-renowned collections both reflect and support the active roles that our scientists continue to play in efforts to improve knowledge of Earth’s biological diversity. The INHS biological collections, assembled by Survey scientists and others over the past 150 years, and in ...
Processes of ecometric patterning: modelling functional traits
... The homogeneous continent provides an experimental control, because ecometric patterning is expected to arise only from geographically heterogeneous environments (Levins, 1968; Endler, 1977; Fortelius et al., 2002). The continents were gridded into cells spaced at 50 km to approximate the maximum sp ...
... The homogeneous continent provides an experimental control, because ecometric patterning is expected to arise only from geographically heterogeneous environments (Levins, 1968; Endler, 1977; Fortelius et al., 2002). The continents were gridded into cells spaced at 50 km to approximate the maximum sp ...
The Mechanistic Approach of `The Theory of Island Biogeography
... the equilibrium model. In one of the earliest discussions of TIB, Haila and Järvinen (1982) view it as a “conceptual framework for the study of insular ecosystems” that has a heuristic role in ecological research. They see the value of the equilibrium model of species numbers in its contribution to ...
... the equilibrium model. In one of the earliest discussions of TIB, Haila and Järvinen (1982) view it as a “conceptual framework for the study of insular ecosystems” that has a heuristic role in ecological research. They see the value of the equilibrium model of species numbers in its contribution to ...
Population spatial structure, human
... therefore decreases overall population size. This results in a decrease in the number of dispersers available for recolonization and rescue of local populations. which further reduces overall population size. Eventually local extinctions can accumulate to regional extinctions. Habitat fragmentation ...
... therefore decreases overall population size. This results in a decrease in the number of dispersers available for recolonization and rescue of local populations. which further reduces overall population size. Eventually local extinctions can accumulate to regional extinctions. Habitat fragmentation ...
Interspecific Competition and Speciation in
... Figure 1c depicts the subsequent direct effects of ecological divergence for reproductive isolation. First, when individuals from habitat 1 migrate to habitat 2, they will suffer a fitness disadvantage compared to the residents in habitat 2 because they are confined to a less lucrative portion of th ...
... Figure 1c depicts the subsequent direct effects of ecological divergence for reproductive isolation. First, when individuals from habitat 1 migrate to habitat 2, they will suffer a fitness disadvantage compared to the residents in habitat 2 because they are confined to a less lucrative portion of th ...
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal parasites of phytoplankton
... propagules includes chytrids within the so-called group of zoosporic fungi, which are particularly adapted to the plankton lifestyle where they infect a wide variety of hosts, including fishes, eggs, zooplankton, algae, and other aquatic fungi but primarily freshwater phytoplankton. Related ecologic ...
... propagules includes chytrids within the so-called group of zoosporic fungi, which are particularly adapted to the plankton lifestyle where they infect a wide variety of hosts, including fishes, eggs, zooplankton, algae, and other aquatic fungi but primarily freshwater phytoplankton. Related ecologic ...
The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators
... within a food web are controlled primarily by dominant predators or top-down forces. However, bottom-up factors, such as food availability and habitat structure, can also influence predator interactions (Ritchie & Johnson, 2009). For example, resource abundance can temporarily allow prey populations ...
... within a food web are controlled primarily by dominant predators or top-down forces. However, bottom-up factors, such as food availability and habitat structure, can also influence predator interactions (Ritchie & Johnson, 2009). For example, resource abundance can temporarily allow prey populations ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
... could be further divided into two subcategories [39,40]: ‘foraging traits’ determine the type of preys a predator will look for. For instance, the shape of mouthparts of several arthropods such as ground beetles will tell us much about their optimal prey type [41]. Such traits are often regrouped in ...
4. Mechanisms involved in salt-marsh rejuvenation J.P. Bakker
... elevation, and sufficient silt availability, the capacity of Spartina anglica to alter the environment is crucial to set off rapid marsh formation. This small-scale ‘ecosystem engineering’ of Spartina induces several other processes, sometimes with large-scale consequences. First, by reducing curren ...
... elevation, and sufficient silt availability, the capacity of Spartina anglica to alter the environment is crucial to set off rapid marsh formation. This small-scale ‘ecosystem engineering’ of Spartina induces several other processes, sometimes with large-scale consequences. First, by reducing curren ...
References - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... Alterative stable states (ASS): Two or more vegetation/environment states in the same underlying habitat, each state locally stable but able to be shifted to another state by a large perturbation. Apomixis: The production of a seed by a plant without meiosis or gamete fusion, therefore potentially i ...
... Alterative stable states (ASS): Two or more vegetation/environment states in the same underlying habitat, each state locally stable but able to be shifted to another state by a large perturbation. Apomixis: The production of a seed by a plant without meiosis or gamete fusion, therefore potentially i ...
A succession of theories: purging redundancy from disturbance theory
... diversity (Pielou, 1966) and patch dynamics (White & Pickett, 1985;Wu & Loucks, 1995) are less directly relevant to the topic of succession and post-disturbance ecosystems than the succession and other disturbance-related theories that we have addressed. In this review, we largely focus on post-dist ...
... diversity (Pielou, 1966) and patch dynamics (White & Pickett, 1985;Wu & Loucks, 1995) are less directly relevant to the topic of succession and post-disturbance ecosystems than the succession and other disturbance-related theories that we have addressed. In this review, we largely focus on post-dist ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.