Prey, predators, parasites: intraguild predation or simpler community
... 1. Competition and predation are at the heart of community ecology. The theoretical concept of intraguild predation (IGP) combines these key interactions in a single community module. Because IGP is believed to be ubiquitous in nature, it has been subject to extensive research, and there exists a we ...
... 1. Competition and predation are at the heart of community ecology. The theoretical concept of intraguild predation (IGP) combines these key interactions in a single community module. Because IGP is believed to be ubiquitous in nature, it has been subject to extensive research, and there exists a we ...
Specific Hypotheses on the Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution
... outcomes among communities, and that interacting species and their component traits differ in their geographic ranges. Hence, there is a geographic structure to most interspecific interactions that must be part of any theory of the coevolutionary process and its effects on the organization of the ea ...
... outcomes among communities, and that interacting species and their component traits differ in their geographic ranges. Hence, there is a geographic structure to most interspecific interactions that must be part of any theory of the coevolutionary process and its effects on the organization of the ea ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... Ehrlich and Raven [15] cited Selander’s work as evidence for widespread fine-scaled differentiation in nature in their classic paper arguing that the local population was the most important evolutionary unit. Since then, evolutionary biologists have used the term ‘microgeographic adaptation’ to desc ...
... Ehrlich and Raven [15] cited Selander’s work as evidence for widespread fine-scaled differentiation in nature in their classic paper arguing that the local population was the most important evolutionary unit. Since then, evolutionary biologists have used the term ‘microgeographic adaptation’ to desc ...
Aquaculture – Part 3 - NSW Department of Education
... Organisms can change abiotic features of an environment too. For example, trees absorb salts from the soil and humus and so reduce the concentrations of these soil nutrients. What is another example of a living thing affecting an abiotic factor? ...
... Organisms can change abiotic features of an environment too. For example, trees absorb salts from the soil and humus and so reduce the concentrations of these soil nutrients. What is another example of a living thing affecting an abiotic factor? ...
682.pdf
... Although these lines of research have important implications for understanding the limitations and potential of using soil nutrient management to restore systems dominated by invasive plants, these concepts have not been integrated into applied research and management programs. Integrating these con ...
... Although these lines of research have important implications for understanding the limitations and potential of using soil nutrient management to restore systems dominated by invasive plants, these concepts have not been integrated into applied research and management programs. Integrating these con ...
Small-mammal herbivore control of secondary succession in New
... some biological interactions during secondary succession, such as competition and consumer pressure, while favoring other biotic interactions such as facilitative interactions driven by neighbor amelioration of physical stress (Connell and Slatyer 1977, Odum 1985, Bertness and Shumway 1993, Anderson ...
... some biological interactions during secondary succession, such as competition and consumer pressure, while favoring other biotic interactions such as facilitative interactions driven by neighbor amelioration of physical stress (Connell and Slatyer 1977, Odum 1985, Bertness and Shumway 1993, Anderson ...
7th gd Ecosystems And Biomes
... seeds, spores, tiny insects or spiders Water —disperses organisms that float such as coconuts, leaves or animals floating on them Other living things —many things are carried by other living things to new places—either accidentally or intentionally ...
... seeds, spores, tiny insects or spiders Water —disperses organisms that float such as coconuts, leaves or animals floating on them Other living things —many things are carried by other living things to new places—either accidentally or intentionally ...
Considering ecological dynamics in resource selection functions
... and their environment. Recently, the resource selection function (RSF) has emerged to replace many of the statistical procedures used to quantify resource selection by animals. 2. A RSF is defined by characteristics measured on resource units such that its value for a unit is proportional to the prob ...
... and their environment. Recently, the resource selection function (RSF) has emerged to replace many of the statistical procedures used to quantify resource selection by animals. 2. A RSF is defined by characteristics measured on resource units such that its value for a unit is proportional to the prob ...
The Ecologist Who Threw Starfish
... often had bag lunches with two colleagues, Nelson Hairston Sr. and Lawrence Slobodkin, during which they had friendly arguments about major ideas in ecology. All three scientists were interested in the processes that control animal populations, and they debated explanations circulating at the time. ...
... often had bag lunches with two colleagues, Nelson Hairston Sr. and Lawrence Slobodkin, during which they had friendly arguments about major ideas in ecology. All three scientists were interested in the processes that control animal populations, and they debated explanations circulating at the time. ...
Considering ecological dynamics in resource selection functions
... and their environment. Recently, the resource selection function (RSF) has emerged to replace many of the statistical procedures used to quantify resource selection by animals. 2. A RSF is defined by characteristics measured on resource units such that its value for a unit is proportional to the prob ...
... and their environment. Recently, the resource selection function (RSF) has emerged to replace many of the statistical procedures used to quantify resource selection by animals. 2. A RSF is defined by characteristics measured on resource units such that its value for a unit is proportional to the prob ...
Ecology and Environmental Studies
... combined through ecopsychology unifies this outer/inner division and argues that nature critically determines human physical, mental and emotional wellbeing (Roszak et al. (eds.), 1995:4). Gaia theory offers a scientific study of the interactions between the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrospher ...
... combined through ecopsychology unifies this outer/inner division and argues that nature critically determines human physical, mental and emotional wellbeing (Roszak et al. (eds.), 1995:4). Gaia theory offers a scientific study of the interactions between the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrospher ...
Identifying the role of soil microbes in plant invasions
... Fig. 1. Direct (top) and indirect (bottom) routes to invasion via soil microbes, which should involve greater fitness of exotics (f[E]) than natives (f[N]). Pictures illustrate examples of direct and indirect routes. Pathogens such as (a) Pythium spp. may be less virulent or absent in the exotic rang ...
... Fig. 1. Direct (top) and indirect (bottom) routes to invasion via soil microbes, which should involve greater fitness of exotics (f[E]) than natives (f[N]). Pictures illustrate examples of direct and indirect routes. Pathogens such as (a) Pythium spp. may be less virulent or absent in the exotic rang ...
Consumers Control Diversity and Functioning of a Natural Marine
... Introduction Biodiversity influences ecosystem functions and services (e.g., primary productivity, nutrient cycling, food production) because of species’ traits and interactions in mixed assemblages [1,2]. Our understanding of the links between biodiversity and ecosystem function has been predominan ...
... Introduction Biodiversity influences ecosystem functions and services (e.g., primary productivity, nutrient cycling, food production) because of species’ traits and interactions in mixed assemblages [1,2]. Our understanding of the links between biodiversity and ecosystem function has been predominan ...
PDF file
... (Wicksten, 1993). The architect crab Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) decorates its carapace with two species of algae, for both camouflage and food storage; the crab’s diet varies according to the abundance of algae (Kilar et al. 1986). However, little is known about other types of organisms ...
... (Wicksten, 1993). The architect crab Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) decorates its carapace with two species of algae, for both camouflage and food storage; the crab’s diet varies according to the abundance of algae (Kilar et al. 1986). However, little is known about other types of organisms ...
Estuarine Ecology Comprehensive Information
... understood interactions. Understanding these relationships will facilitate management of our estuarine resources and upland watersheds to minimize National Estuarine Research Reserves ...
... understood interactions. Understanding these relationships will facilitate management of our estuarine resources and upland watersheds to minimize National Estuarine Research Reserves ...
Abstracts Worshop "Microorganisms in turbulent flows"
... Plankton in marine turbulence. Marine planktonic organisms live in turbulent flows and see the world in a Lagrangian way. They have developed, over many generations, a strong adaptation to the fluctuations of the fluid they live in. The results are complex behaviors and population dynamics. Here we ...
... Plankton in marine turbulence. Marine planktonic organisms live in turbulent flows and see the world in a Lagrangian way. They have developed, over many generations, a strong adaptation to the fluctuations of the fluid they live in. The results are complex behaviors and population dynamics. Here we ...
Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Streams Affected By
... harvested cranberries from the equation, the relative proportion of N sequestered in the bog food web would be greater. Conclusions This data presented in this study make a strong case for the environmental benefits of organic cranberry farming. Not only are fertilizer additions smaller, but also th ...
... harvested cranberries from the equation, the relative proportion of N sequestered in the bog food web would be greater. Conclusions This data presented in this study make a strong case for the environmental benefits of organic cranberry farming. Not only are fertilizer additions smaller, but also th ...
When Good Animals Love Bad Habitats: Ecological Traps and the
... recognizing them in the field. Evidence for ecological traps has primarily been found in habitats modified by human activities, either directly (e.g., through the mowing of grassland birds’ nests) or indirectly (e.g., via human-mediated invasion of exotic species), but some studies suggest that trap ...
... recognizing them in the field. Evidence for ecological traps has primarily been found in habitats modified by human activities, either directly (e.g., through the mowing of grassland birds’ nests) or indirectly (e.g., via human-mediated invasion of exotic species), but some studies suggest that trap ...
consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass
... community composition and biomass, neither Elton’s pyramid nor HSS patterns have proven to be universal features of ecosystems (Strong 1992, Abrams 1993, Del Giorgio and Gasol 1995). Thus, the association between consumer diversity and standing autotrophic biomass remains unclear. We experimentally ...
... community composition and biomass, neither Elton’s pyramid nor HSS patterns have proven to be universal features of ecosystems (Strong 1992, Abrams 1993, Del Giorgio and Gasol 1995). Thus, the association between consumer diversity and standing autotrophic biomass remains unclear. We experimentally ...
Ecosystem engineering, experiment, and evolution
... highlighting one of the original thoughts behind the idea—that an organism can construct its own niche. The concept of ecosystem engineering was first presented by Clive Jones and colleagues in ‘‘Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers.’’ They provided the following definition: Ecosystem engineers are orga ...
... highlighting one of the original thoughts behind the idea—that an organism can construct its own niche. The concept of ecosystem engineering was first presented by Clive Jones and colleagues in ‘‘Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers.’’ They provided the following definition: Ecosystem engineers are orga ...
Israa Dorgham
... herbivores are controlled by predation is lacking but some evidence has been collected. The conclusion here is that predators must limit their own resources to control herbivore populations, which defines predators as food-limited. By combining the mentioned observations and assumptions, Hairston et ...
... herbivores are controlled by predation is lacking but some evidence has been collected. The conclusion here is that predators must limit their own resources to control herbivore populations, which defines predators as food-limited. By combining the mentioned observations and assumptions, Hairston et ...
comparing marine and terrestrial ecosystems
... based on our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary processes responsible for biological diversity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems and how humans have influenced these processes. How well this terrestrial-based theory can be applied toward the design and applicatio ...
... based on our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary processes responsible for biological diversity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems and how humans have influenced these processes. How well this terrestrial-based theory can be applied toward the design and applicatio ...
stage structure - Rice University
... shared resource varies with size or stage (e.g. light competition in plants or competition for food in many animals) [1,2]. However, most studies of the consequences of ontogenetic shifts in intraspecific interactions for community dynamics have focused on cannibalism. Cannibalism is a widespread fe ...
... shared resource varies with size or stage (e.g. light competition in plants or competition for food in many animals) [1,2]. However, most studies of the consequences of ontogenetic shifts in intraspecific interactions for community dynamics have focused on cannibalism. Cannibalism is a widespread fe ...
Predatory beetles facilitate plant growth by
... native or non-native is currently unknown due to poor historical records for the region; however, both are known to have been active in the study region for about one decade. The former species is small (< 5 cm and 3 mm in length and diameter respectively); it emerges on the ground surface layer or ...
... native or non-native is currently unknown due to poor historical records for the region; however, both are known to have been active in the study region for about one decade. The former species is small (< 5 cm and 3 mm in length and diameter respectively); it emerges on the ground surface layer or ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... Ehrlich and Raven [15] cited Selander’s work as evidence for widespread fine-scaled differentiation in nature in their classic paper arguing that the local population was the most important evolutionary unit. Since then, evolutionary biologists have used the term ‘microgeographic adaptation’ to desc ...
... Ehrlich and Raven [15] cited Selander’s work as evidence for widespread fine-scaled differentiation in nature in their classic paper arguing that the local population was the most important evolutionary unit. Since then, evolutionary biologists have used the term ‘microgeographic adaptation’ to desc ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.