Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
SECOND SEMESTER STUDY GUIDE All the information below can be found in your notes or textbook. Remember this is only a guide. There will be questions on the exam that are not mentioned on this handout. Not all of the ideas mentioned on this guide will be on the test. Evolution A. Definitions 1. Species 9. Fossil record 16. Coevolution 2. Acquired 10. Superposition 17. Extinction Inheritance 11. Radiometric dating 18. Gradualism 3. Uniformitarianism 12. Homologous 19. Punctuated 4. Natural selection structures equilibrium 5. Limiting factors 13. Vestigial structures 20. Speciation 6. Variation 14. Divergent evolution 21. Gene flow 7. Adaptation 15. Convergent 8. Fitness evolution B. Be able to explain the process of how natural selection works…not just its definition. a. What are the four factors? C. Be able to explain how the following topics support the theory of evolution 1. Fossils a. Know the five types of fossils. b. Be able to explain how radiometric dating provides the age of fossils. 2. Homologous structures 3. Vestigial structures 4. Biochemistry 5. Embryological development 6. Missing Links 7. Resistant organisms D. How does convergent and divergent evolution differ? E. How is gene flow reduced/stopped by the various types of isolation? F. Be able to explain the nebula hypothesis. G. Be able to explain the conditions on early Earth. H. What was the importance of Miller & Urey’s famous experiment? I. What is the significance of liposomes? Ecology A. Definitions: 1. Ecology 12. Producer 2. Population 13. Consumer 3. Community 14. Autotrophs 4. Ecosystem 15. Chemotrophs 5. Biome 16. Trophic level 6. Biosphere 17. Detritivore 7. Habitat 18. Decomposer 8. Niche 19. Omnivore 9. Keystone species 20. Carnivore 10. Biotic factors 21. Competitive 11. Abiotic factors exclusion principle B. How are the levels of ecology organized within the biosphere? 22. Resource 23. Competition 24. Predation 25. Symbiosis 26. Exponential growth 27. Logistic growth 28. Carrying capacity 29. Pioneer species 30. Climax community C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Be able to describe examples of biotic and abiotic factors. Know how to read a food web and food chain. Examine your textbook for diagrams. Be able to identify the different trophic levels within an ecosystem. Be able to identify the different types of symbiosis. From the beginning, be able to describe the stages of primary succession. From the beginning, be able to describe the stages of secondary succession. Be able to explain the causes, effects, and solutions to: 1. Global warming 2. Ozone layer depletion 3. Smog/ozone 4. Acid rain 5. Biomagnification 6. Exotic species introduction J. From the beginning, be able to describe the stages of primary succession. Human Body A. Definitions: 1. Homeostasis 10. Hormones 17. Antibodies 2. Thermoregulation 11. Systolic pressure 18. Antigens 3. Determination 12. Diastolic pressure 19. Bolus 4. Differentiation 13. Pulmonary 20. Chyme 5. Apoptosis circulation 21. Sphincters 6. Neurons 14. Systemic 22. Peristalsis 7. Synapse circulation 23. Calorie 8. Neurotransmitters 15. Pathogens 24. Dialysis 9. Glands 16. Vaccination B. How does a disruption of homeostasis lead to diabetes? C. What are stem cells? What is their importance to medical research? D. Know the levels of cellular organization within the body. E. Know the different types of tissue within the body. F. Know the four basic components of the human Control System. G. How does positive and negative feedback differ? H. Nervous System a. What is the function of the nervous system? b. Know the parts of a neuron. c. Know the types of neurons. d. What happened during an action potential? e. Know the parts of the eye if given a description and/or diagram. f. How is an action potential created in the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose? g. Know the different types of receptors. I. Endocrine System a. What is the function of the endocrine system? b. How do steroid and nonsteroid hormones differ? c. Be able to identify the various glands of the endocrine system and explain what they do. J. Circulatory System a. What is the function of the circulatory system? b. Be able to trace the path blood travels through the circulatory system. c. Be able to identify parts of the heart. K. Respiratory System a. What is the function of the respiratory system? L. M. N. O. b. Be able to trace the path that O2/CO2 travels through the respiratory system. c. Be able to identify the various parts of the respiratory system. Blood a. Know the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. b. Know the characteristics of blood groups A, B, AB, and O. c. Know the characteristics of Rh factors. d. Be able to identify if blood transfusions will be successful if given a patient and a donor. Immune System a. What is the function of the immune system? b. What roles do the following play? i. The skin ii. Mucus membranes iii. White blood cells iv. Defense proteins v. Vaccination Digestive System a. Know the characteristics of the 6 basic nutrients. b. What is the function of the digestive system? c. Be able to trace the path that food travels through the digestive system. d. Be able to identify the various parts of the digestive system. Excretory System a. What is the function of the excretory system? b. Be able to explain how blood is purified within the kidney. c. Be able to identify the various parts of the excretory system. Plants A. Definitions a. Vascular system f. Gametophyte b. Haploid g. Alternation of c. Diploid generations d. Zygote h. Rhizoids e. Sporophyte i. Sporangia B. How have plants adapted to life on dry land? C. Be able to explain/identify basic characteristics of a moss. D. Be able to explain the life cycle of a moss. E. Be able to explain/identify basic characteristics of a fern. F. Be able to explain the life cycle of a fern. G. Be able to explain/identify basic characteristics of a conifer. H. Be able to explain the life cycle of a conifer. I. Be able to explain/identify basic characteristics of flowering plants. J. Be able to explain the life cycle of a flowering plant. j. k. l. m. Fronds Prothallus Germination Dormancy