experimental ecology of food webs: complex systems in temporary
... ecology. They represent known, or sometimes just suspected, trophic connections among taxa in ecological communities. These connections represent the paths of energy and nutrient flow through living organisms. The evolution of the morphology, physiology, behavior, and life history of individuals and ...
... ecology. They represent known, or sometimes just suspected, trophic connections among taxa in ecological communities. These connections represent the paths of energy and nutrient flow through living organisms. The evolution of the morphology, physiology, behavior, and life history of individuals and ...
Competition, predation and species responses to environmental
... We monitored population dynamics of each protist in the microcosms every two to three days. To sample, we swirled each microcosm to mix its content and used a Pasteur pipette to withdraw approximately 0.35 ml of the medium. We weighed each sample on an electronic scale to determine its exact volume, ...
... We monitored population dynamics of each protist in the microcosms every two to three days. To sample, we swirled each microcosm to mix its content and used a Pasteur pipette to withdraw approximately 0.35 ml of the medium. We weighed each sample on an electronic scale to determine its exact volume, ...
Evolution and Speciation
... • Explain how Darwin’s theory of evolution differed from the current view at the time • Describe how the present-day theory of evolution was developed • Describe how population genetics is used to study the evolution of populations The theory of evolution by natural selection describes a mechanism f ...
... • Explain how Darwin’s theory of evolution differed from the current view at the time • Describe how the present-day theory of evolution was developed • Describe how population genetics is used to study the evolution of populations The theory of evolution by natural selection describes a mechanism f ...
Franciscan Youth & Young Adults
... ASSESS how we-as individuals and in our families, parishes and other affiliationscontribute to climate change by our own energy use, consumption, waste, etc. ACT to change our choices and behaviors to reduce the ways we contribute to climate change. ...
... ASSESS how we-as individuals and in our families, parishes and other affiliationscontribute to climate change by our own energy use, consumption, waste, etc. ACT to change our choices and behaviors to reduce the ways we contribute to climate change. ...
Evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative
... dent populations adapting to contrasting environ- parental populations. Multiple traits are probably ments than between independent populations involved, including flowering time and tolerance adapting to similar environments (20, 23). A of salt and drought. This type of reproductive major challenge ...
... dent populations adapting to contrasting environ- parental populations. Multiple traits are probably ments than between independent populations involved, including flowering time and tolerance adapting to similar environments (20, 23). A of salt and drought. This type of reproductive major challenge ...
modelling the ecological context of evolutionary change
... traits that affect competition for resources. Thus, the parameters governing the interactions between the two species (e.g., r, K, and aij) remain constant during the ecological dynamics. There is an enormous number of extensions and further developments of this sort of model, but all are dynamic sy ...
... traits that affect competition for resources. Thus, the parameters governing the interactions between the two species (e.g., r, K, and aij) remain constant during the ecological dynamics. There is an enormous number of extensions and further developments of this sort of model, but all are dynamic sy ...
TOPIC 2 - MARKING SCHEME - International School Bangkok
... Breeding programmes (numbats in Australia/pandas) [1]/protection of habitats (whooping crane in USA) [1]; Any reasonable alternative (2 ways, but no examples = [1]) ...
... Breeding programmes (numbats in Australia/pandas) [1]/protection of habitats (whooping crane in USA) [1]; Any reasonable alternative (2 ways, but no examples = [1]) ...
The Quantitative Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development of
... province. Its large consumption of large coal and oil, renewable resources can greatly affect the sustainability of economic development and the environment, causing the energy consumption to account for more than half of ecological footprint. In view of the region's windy climate and coastal and ot ...
... province. Its large consumption of large coal and oil, renewable resources can greatly affect the sustainability of economic development and the environment, causing the energy consumption to account for more than half of ecological footprint. In view of the region's windy climate and coastal and ot ...
Resiliência, Incerteza e Gestão de Sistemas Socioecológicos
... change and industrial development, we have been grappling with the question of whether fundamental change is possible without a major collapse. What has your experience studying system change told you about this question? I think the key is to look for windows of opportunity for change. Such windows ...
... change and industrial development, we have been grappling with the question of whether fundamental change is possible without a major collapse. What has your experience studying system change told you about this question? I think the key is to look for windows of opportunity for change. Such windows ...
PDF
... On the other hand, resource partitioning may be the result of evolutionary adaptation to use dierent resources (Schoener 1986; Winston 1995). These adaptations may include morphological, physiological, and/or behavioral traits which allow the species to use dierent resources. As a consequence, the ...
... On the other hand, resource partitioning may be the result of evolutionary adaptation to use dierent resources (Schoener 1986; Winston 1995). These adaptations may include morphological, physiological, and/or behavioral traits which allow the species to use dierent resources. As a consequence, the ...
Evidence for Ecological Speciation and Its Alternative
... dent populations adapting to contrasting environ- parental populations. Multiple traits are probably ments than between independent populations involved, including flowering time and tolerance adapting to similar environments (20, 23). A of salt and drought. This type of reproductive major challenge ...
... dent populations adapting to contrasting environ- parental populations. Multiple traits are probably ments than between independent populations involved, including flowering time and tolerance adapting to similar environments (20, 23). A of salt and drought. This type of reproductive major challenge ...
Species introduction a major topic in vegetation
... Herben 2005) may lead to a partial or even complete failure of target vegetation reestablishment. Persistent seed banks may be minimal, so with the increasing fragmentation and disconnection of habitats and the loss of effective dispersers, seed and dispersal limitation have been increasingly identi ...
... Herben 2005) may lead to a partial or even complete failure of target vegetation reestablishment. Persistent seed banks may be minimal, so with the increasing fragmentation and disconnection of habitats and the loss of effective dispersers, seed and dispersal limitation have been increasingly identi ...
3 - Edmodo
... Activity B – Carrying Capacity and Limiting Factors 1. Population Growth Depending on what resources are available to organisms in an ecosystem, populations can experience different types of growth. Below you will investigate 3 types of growth before moving on to the learning check box. EXPONENTIAL ...
... Activity B – Carrying Capacity and Limiting Factors 1. Population Growth Depending on what resources are available to organisms in an ecosystem, populations can experience different types of growth. Below you will investigate 3 types of growth before moving on to the learning check box. EXPONENTIAL ...
1 - Black Rock Forest Consortium
... which functional groups of macroinvertebrates affect biogeochemical processes such as decomposition. For instance, a rough division of leaf litter invertebrates and their functional groups could be based on trophic guild and consist of microbivores (i.e. mites and collembolans that graze on bacteria ...
... which functional groups of macroinvertebrates affect biogeochemical processes such as decomposition. For instance, a rough division of leaf litter invertebrates and their functional groups could be based on trophic guild and consist of microbivores (i.e. mites and collembolans that graze on bacteria ...
When are alternative stable states more likely to occur?
... locally strong (between individuals at small spatial or temporal scales), despite it being a weak force in structuring community assembly under strong environmental adversity. For example, propagules of two plant species sharing similar traits allowing them to survive under adverse environmental con ...
... locally strong (between individuals at small spatial or temporal scales), despite it being a weak force in structuring community assembly under strong environmental adversity. For example, propagules of two plant species sharing similar traits allowing them to survive under adverse environmental con ...
Viewing invasive species removal in a whole
... When exotic predators and prey co-occur, eradication of only the exotic prey can also cause problems by forcing the predator to switch to native prey. In New Zealand, introduced rats R. rattus and possums Trichosurus vulpecular are an important part of the diet of the stoat Mustela ermina, an exotic ...
... When exotic predators and prey co-occur, eradication of only the exotic prey can also cause problems by forcing the predator to switch to native prey. In New Zealand, introduced rats R. rattus and possums Trichosurus vulpecular are an important part of the diet of the stoat Mustela ermina, an exotic ...
Bioindicators of Biodiversity and Farming Practice in Rice Paddies
... that differ in their functions [1, 2]. This means that rice paddies support, at least in part, biodiversity in the area or region. Recently, biodiversity in agricultural land has received growing attention because it plays a significant role in agro-ecosystem function [3, 4]. For example, beneficial ...
... that differ in their functions [1, 2]. This means that rice paddies support, at least in part, biodiversity in the area or region. Recently, biodiversity in agricultural land has received growing attention because it plays a significant role in agro-ecosystem function [3, 4]. For example, beneficial ...
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator
... mesoconsumers. Using this framework, the effects of predation could be fully quantified based on the diets, metabolic rates and abundances of predators and data on prey population dynamics [18]. Declines in top predator abundance should release mesoconsumers from predation and indirectly increase th ...
... mesoconsumers. Using this framework, the effects of predation could be fully quantified based on the diets, metabolic rates and abundances of predators and data on prey population dynamics [18]. Declines in top predator abundance should release mesoconsumers from predation and indirectly increase th ...
Part 1 - Student
... Adaptations to suit environments Your experiences with nature and living things on Earth have probably come from reading books, watching television and video, and going out in the bush or to the beach. You may have had the opportunity to go to different environments around Australia or even to other ...
... Adaptations to suit environments Your experiences with nature and living things on Earth have probably come from reading books, watching television and video, and going out in the bush or to the beach. You may have had the opportunity to go to different environments around Australia or even to other ...
the role of competition in structuring ant communities: a review
... Understanding the mechanisms that determine local patterns of diversity is among the primary goals of ecology. Among these mechanisms, competition is mentioned as the regulatory factor structuring biological communities, despite the fact that the concept is controversial in ecology. Myrmecologists, ...
... Understanding the mechanisms that determine local patterns of diversity is among the primary goals of ecology. Among these mechanisms, competition is mentioned as the regulatory factor structuring biological communities, despite the fact that the concept is controversial in ecology. Myrmecologists, ...
Community and ecosystem effects of intraspecific genetic diversity in
... diversity on trophic interactions and disease dynamics (reviewed by Hughes et al. 2008), but such studies are largely limited to communities dominated by one species. The influence of intraspecific variation in communities of multiple interacting plant species on community or ecosystem dynamics remain ...
... diversity on trophic interactions and disease dynamics (reviewed by Hughes et al. 2008), but such studies are largely limited to communities dominated by one species. The influence of intraspecific variation in communities of multiple interacting plant species on community or ecosystem dynamics remain ...
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines
... mesoconsumers. Using this framework, the effects of predation could be fully quantified based on the diets, metabolic rates and abundances of predators and data on prey population dynamics [18]. Declines in top predator abundance should release mesoconsumers from predation and indirectly increase th ...
... mesoconsumers. Using this framework, the effects of predation could be fully quantified based on the diets, metabolic rates and abundances of predators and data on prey population dynamics [18]. Declines in top predator abundance should release mesoconsumers from predation and indirectly increase th ...
Chapters 3,4 and 6: Ecology
... Different species living in the same environment, or habitat, may require the same resources. When the resources are limited, competition occurs among the species. Competition- is the struggle between different species for the same limited resources. The more similar the needs of the species, the mo ...
... Different species living in the same environment, or habitat, may require the same resources. When the resources are limited, competition occurs among the species. Competition- is the struggle between different species for the same limited resources. The more similar the needs of the species, the mo ...
Environmental Grain, Organism Fitness, and Type
... Natural selection is the result of differences in fitness, and fitness depends on organisms’ interactions with their environment. But environments vary in space and time, sometimes in extreme ways. Variation in what biologists call patches, habitats, environments, etc.—or what I’ll call subenvironments ...
... Natural selection is the result of differences in fitness, and fitness depends on organisms’ interactions with their environment. But environments vary in space and time, sometimes in extreme ways. Variation in what biologists call patches, habitats, environments, etc.—or what I’ll call subenvironments ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.