2.1.1 Distribution and Abundance
... Of course, the distribution and abundance of organisms within these ecosystems may also vary due to biotic factors such as the availability of food, competition within and between species, the availability of mates for reproduction, exposure to predators, and exposure to disease. ...
... Of course, the distribution and abundance of organisms within these ecosystems may also vary due to biotic factors such as the availability of food, competition within and between species, the availability of mates for reproduction, exposure to predators, and exposure to disease. ...
Thermal adaptation and ecological speciation
... mating may provide the impetus for sympatric divergence in response to disruptive selection, and ecological differentiation and premating isolation may then increase in concert (e.g. Coyne & Orr 2004). Such a mechanism is different from classical reinforcement in that the fitness of intermediates is ...
... mating may provide the impetus for sympatric divergence in response to disruptive selection, and ecological differentiation and premating isolation may then increase in concert (e.g. Coyne & Orr 2004). Such a mechanism is different from classical reinforcement in that the fitness of intermediates is ...
Wildlife Forestry Aquatic Ecology CEI Soils/Land Use
... Teams are comprised of five members. The team members study: soils/land use, aquatic ecology, forestry, wildlife and current environmental issues during the school year. In the spring, there are eight regional competitions in North Carolina. Our region will host the Southern Piedmont Envirothon comp ...
... Teams are comprised of five members. The team members study: soils/land use, aquatic ecology, forestry, wildlife and current environmental issues during the school year. In the spring, there are eight regional competitions in North Carolina. Our region will host the Southern Piedmont Envirothon comp ...
Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems
... The introduction of invasive species, which often differ functionally from the components of the recipient community, generates ecological impacts that propagate along the food web. This review aims to determine how consistent the impacts of aquatic invasions are across taxa and habitats. To that en ...
... The introduction of invasive species, which often differ functionally from the components of the recipient community, generates ecological impacts that propagate along the food web. This review aims to determine how consistent the impacts of aquatic invasions are across taxa and habitats. To that en ...
Effects of Habitat-Forming Species Richness, Evenness, Identity
... production depends on the interaction of habitat complexity, shade, and nutrient enrichment [43], as well as algal diversity [8,34,40,44]. These characteristics will act through complementarity [45] and the sampling effect. The complementarity effect occurs when a greater range of functional traits ...
... production depends on the interaction of habitat complexity, shade, and nutrient enrichment [43], as well as algal diversity [8,34,40,44]. These characteristics will act through complementarity [45] and the sampling effect. The complementarity effect occurs when a greater range of functional traits ...
1 - Home
... square kilometres of the remaining rainforests is on the long term a necessary condition for our life by producing tiny quantities of chemical compounds conditioning processes in our body and mind as catalysts, but we do not know. How to calculate the risk of loosing them? The reverse impact of huma ...
... square kilometres of the remaining rainforests is on the long term a necessary condition for our life by producing tiny quantities of chemical compounds conditioning processes in our body and mind as catalysts, but we do not know. How to calculate the risk of loosing them? The reverse impact of huma ...
Rapid Evolutionary Change and the Coexistence of Species
... Biological communities contain a bewildering diversity of life, and understanding how this diversity is maintained has long been a central goal of ecology (Chesson 2000, Hutchinson 1959, MacArthur & Levins 1967, Voltera 1926). This debate intensified with the development of neutral theory, which ques ...
... Biological communities contain a bewildering diversity of life, and understanding how this diversity is maintained has long been a central goal of ecology (Chesson 2000, Hutchinson 1959, MacArthur & Levins 1967, Voltera 1926). This debate intensified with the development of neutral theory, which ques ...
a full - British Ecological Society
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
Social and landscape effects on food webs: a
... Also, interspecific interactions have effects on spatial community dynamics (see [8] for butterflies, [9] for pitcher plants and [10] for beetles). In butterfly associated metacommunities, van Nouhuys and Hanski [8] present the competition/dispersal trade-off and several other multi-species interact ...
... Also, interspecific interactions have effects on spatial community dynamics (see [8] for butterflies, [9] for pitcher plants and [10] for beetles). In butterfly associated metacommunities, van Nouhuys and Hanski [8] present the competition/dispersal trade-off and several other multi-species interact ...
Genetic analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L. and Populus
... organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur, including diversity at the levels of individual, species and community (Jensen et al. 1993). It is driven fundamentally by diversity at the individual level. Thus, genetic diversity is the foundation of all biodiversity. Genetic diversity i ...
... organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur, including diversity at the levels of individual, species and community (Jensen et al. 1993). It is driven fundamentally by diversity at the individual level. Thus, genetic diversity is the foundation of all biodiversity. Genetic diversity i ...
Rapid Evolutionary Change and the Coexistence of Species
... Biological communities contain a bewildering diversity of life, and understanding how this diversity is maintained has long been a central goal of ecology (Chesson 2000, Hutchinson 1959, MacArthur & Levins 1967, Voltera 1926). This debate intensified with the development of neutral theory, which ques ...
... Biological communities contain a bewildering diversity of life, and understanding how this diversity is maintained has long been a central goal of ecology (Chesson 2000, Hutchinson 1959, MacArthur & Levins 1967, Voltera 1926). This debate intensified with the development of neutral theory, which ques ...
Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
Reptile assemblages across agricultural landscapes
... and even loss of the pre–existing habitats. These processes clearly have serious consequences on many organisms, and understanding how anthropic pressure influences the distribution, the population dynamics and the ecology of other species is a fundamental step for conservation. Over the last decade ...
... and even loss of the pre–existing habitats. These processes clearly have serious consequences on many organisms, and understanding how anthropic pressure influences the distribution, the population dynamics and the ecology of other species is a fundamental step for conservation. Over the last decade ...
April cover.qxd
... an important element of global change (Pimm et al. 1995; Vitousek et al. 1997). Given the impact that large mammals have on ecosystems, the major population shifts that humans have induced in these mammals probably have important effects on the performance of the decomposer subsystem. Here, we brief ...
... an important element of global change (Pimm et al. 1995; Vitousek et al. 1997). Given the impact that large mammals have on ecosystems, the major population shifts that humans have induced in these mammals probably have important effects on the performance of the decomposer subsystem. Here, we brief ...
Restoration Ecology: Interventionist Approaches for - LERF
... hands-on local action by enthusiastic and hardworking volunteers with a conservation focus. Others involve local people working to turn around decades of degradation to alleviate both environmental degradation and serious human deprivation. Others involve a much more mechanized approach with large m ...
... hands-on local action by enthusiastic and hardworking volunteers with a conservation focus. Others involve local people working to turn around decades of degradation to alleviate both environmental degradation and serious human deprivation. Others involve a much more mechanized approach with large m ...
Ecological Footprint
... YOUR Ecological Footprint Ecological Footprints are a measure of human impact on the Earth. The footprint equals the Earth’s cost to sustain one person. It’s measured in hectares (or global hectares “gha”) and represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gase ...
... YOUR Ecological Footprint Ecological Footprints are a measure of human impact on the Earth. The footprint equals the Earth’s cost to sustain one person. It’s measured in hectares (or global hectares “gha”) and represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gase ...
Understanding co‐occurrence by modelling species simultaneously
... one species to that of another (Schweiger et al. 2012) or by adding the occurrence or abundance of other species as predictors alongside abiotic variables (Leathwick & Austin 2001; Leathwick 2002; Meier et al. 2010; Pellissier et al. 2010). The addition of biotic interaction terms has generally impr ...
... one species to that of another (Schweiger et al. 2012) or by adding the occurrence or abundance of other species as predictors alongside abiotic variables (Leathwick & Austin 2001; Leathwick 2002; Meier et al. 2010; Pellissier et al. 2010). The addition of biotic interaction terms has generally impr ...
The Niche
... 16. Sometimes changes in the population of a single species, often called a keystone species, can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community. 17. ex: if the number of sea otters (predator) < , then the number of sea urchins (prey) >, this caused the kelp forests (the urchins food) to ...
... 16. Sometimes changes in the population of a single species, often called a keystone species, can cause dramatic changes in the structure of a community. 17. ex: if the number of sea otters (predator) < , then the number of sea urchins (prey) >, this caused the kelp forests (the urchins food) to ...
Ecology - Hardin County Schools
... • biosphere: Part of the planet and atmosphere with living organisms. • ecology: Study of how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment. • photosynthesis: Process by which specific organisms (including all plants) use the sun’s energy to make their own food from carbon dio ...
... • biosphere: Part of the planet and atmosphere with living organisms. • ecology: Study of how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment. • photosynthesis: Process by which specific organisms (including all plants) use the sun’s energy to make their own food from carbon dio ...
Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey
... following keywords: introduced species, alien species, nonindigenous species, non-native species, colonizing species or exotic species; we then combined that search with one using the keywords predat*, herbivore* or prey. To obtain more studies involving native consumers and native prey, we conducte ...
... following keywords: introduced species, alien species, nonindigenous species, non-native species, colonizing species or exotic species; we then combined that search with one using the keywords predat*, herbivore* or prey. To obtain more studies involving native consumers and native prey, we conducte ...
The Ecosystem Game
... 10) You may not have more then 10 top predators in your ecosystem. 4th trophic level. 11) Whenever the number of producers changes you must recalculate the entire biodiversity of your ecosystem. 12) Students should record everything that happens to their ecosystem and a report on biodiversity for ea ...
... 10) You may not have more then 10 top predators in your ecosystem. 4th trophic level. 11) Whenever the number of producers changes you must recalculate the entire biodiversity of your ecosystem. 12) Students should record everything that happens to their ecosystem and a report on biodiversity for ea ...
Prospectus for Information Ecology
... the traditional anthropological emic/etic distinction, and places emphasis on case studies. 1. unique properties of human ecosystems The principle of emergence suggests that human ecosystems have properties that set them apart from non-human ecosystems. This seems especially true with regard to huma ...
... the traditional anthropological emic/etic distinction, and places emphasis on case studies. 1. unique properties of human ecosystems The principle of emergence suggests that human ecosystems have properties that set them apart from non-human ecosystems. This seems especially true with regard to huma ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.