Nature conservation - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... important since a lot of species became extinct caused by loss of habitats and high pollution. Insects moved further away into protected areas and their population size decreased. Land is populated by grey species, and humans do not have knowledge for what it could be used. Adaptive Mosaic People li ...
... important since a lot of species became extinct caused by loss of habitats and high pollution. Insects moved further away into protected areas and their population size decreased. Land is populated by grey species, and humans do not have knowledge for what it could be used. Adaptive Mosaic People li ...
How similar can co-occurring species be in the presence of
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Mark S. Boyce Journal Article
... the system (101, 102, 108, 140). It reidly makes a big difference which variables in the system are fluctuating due to the environment, because this can affect the structure and dynamics of the system. Error propagation (including sampling error) can be examined by simulation methods (104), yet ther ...
... the system (101, 102, 108, 140). It reidly makes a big difference which variables in the system are fluctuating due to the environment, because this can affect the structure and dynamics of the system. Error propagation (including sampling error) can be examined by simulation methods (104), yet ther ...
Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution
... biologists. This is surprising given that behavior is a key factor mediating the interactions of individuals with their environment [74,92]: The environment of an individual is, to a large extent, determined by the behavior of this individual, for example, as a result of dispersal and migration, m ...
... biologists. This is surprising given that behavior is a key factor mediating the interactions of individuals with their environment [74,92]: The environment of an individual is, to a large extent, determined by the behavior of this individual, for example, as a result of dispersal and migration, m ...
Reinforcing loose foundation stones in trait‑based plant ecology
... in evaluating the trade-off between functional importance and ease of measurement. Despite its foundational importance, the practical difficulty of documenting trait–fitness relationships means that we cannot use this as a practical criterion for choosing traits. As a practical matter, we must rely ...
... in evaluating the trade-off between functional importance and ease of measurement. Despite its foundational importance, the practical difficulty of documenting trait–fitness relationships means that we cannot use this as a practical criterion for choosing traits. As a practical matter, we must rely ...
Reinforcing loose foundation stones in trait
... in evaluating the trade-off between functional importance and ease of measurement. Despite its foundational importance, the practical difficulty of documenting trait–fitness relationships means that we cannot use this as a practical criterion for choosing traits. As a practical matter, we must rely ...
... in evaluating the trade-off between functional importance and ease of measurement. Despite its foundational importance, the practical difficulty of documenting trait–fitness relationships means that we cannot use this as a practical criterion for choosing traits. As a practical matter, we must rely ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... Only relatively recently, however, has clear experimental evcaused by high rates of evaporation result in stressful condiidence emerged to suggest that this widespread phenomenon tions for many vascular plants. However, this stress can be amehas important consequences for the structure and function ...
... Only relatively recently, however, has clear experimental evcaused by high rates of evaporation result in stressful condiidence emerged to suggest that this widespread phenomenon tions for many vascular plants. However, this stress can be amehas important consequences for the structure and function ...
Chapter 18 Slide Show Notes
... Click on this icon to return to the table of contents Click on this icon to return to the previous slide Click on this icon to move to the next slide Click on this icon to open the resources file. Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation. ...
... Click on this icon to return to the table of contents Click on this icon to return to the previous slide Click on this icon to move to the next slide Click on this icon to open the resources file. Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation. ...
Results of a food addition experiment in a north-central Chile
... background of constantly changing abiotic conditions (e.g., Wiens 1977, 1986, 1989, Wiens et al. 1986). Yet, environmental fluctuations and harshness per se do not preclude the importance of biotic interactions (Chesson and Huntley 1997). Clearly, if consumers can depress their resources or prey, th ...
... background of constantly changing abiotic conditions (e.g., Wiens 1977, 1986, 1989, Wiens et al. 1986). Yet, environmental fluctuations and harshness per se do not preclude the importance of biotic interactions (Chesson and Huntley 1997). Clearly, if consumers can depress their resources or prey, th ...
3 - Heartland Community College
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
Bison are a keystone species for ecosystem restoration
... Wallows are a unique ecological feature of prairie ecosystems created by bison. By rolling repeatedly in exposed soil, bison increase soil compaction in certain areas which aids in water retention. In the spring, these wallows produce temporary pools that can support ephemeral wetland species (Uno 1 ...
... Wallows are a unique ecological feature of prairie ecosystems created by bison. By rolling repeatedly in exposed soil, bison increase soil compaction in certain areas which aids in water retention. In the spring, these wallows produce temporary pools that can support ephemeral wetland species (Uno 1 ...
Stochastic species distributions are driven by organism size
... population dynamics (Finlay 2002, Brown et al. 2004). To our knowledge, these ideas have not been tested before on the taxon level using large-scale field data subject to natural variability in the driving forces of community variation. The novelty of this approach is due to the fact that it explicit ...
... population dynamics (Finlay 2002, Brown et al. 2004). To our knowledge, these ideas have not been tested before on the taxon level using large-scale field data subject to natural variability in the driving forces of community variation. The novelty of this approach is due to the fact that it explicit ...
appendix w5 - Department of Water Affairs
... where 0 indicates no importance and 4 indicates very high importance (please refer to the rating guidelines for each separate determinant as discussed in W5.3 below). The median of the determinants is used to assign the Ecological Management Class (EMC) for a floodplain (see Table W5-2). The method ...
... where 0 indicates no importance and 4 indicates very high importance (please refer to the rating guidelines for each separate determinant as discussed in W5.3 below). The median of the determinants is used to assign the Ecological Management Class (EMC) for a floodplain (see Table W5-2). The method ...
Biodiversity of Rangelands - Society For Range Management
... Rangelands span a variety of ecosystems including grasslands, savannas, sagebrush steppe, shrublands, tundra, mountain meadows and deserts. The variety of life and its processes on them (biodiversity) is important for ...
... Rangelands span a variety of ecosystems including grasslands, savannas, sagebrush steppe, shrublands, tundra, mountain meadows and deserts. The variety of life and its processes on them (biodiversity) is important for ...
Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a
... approaches. Here, the focus is typically on human-perceived landscape patterns and their correlation with measures of species occurrence, including aggregate measures such as species richness. Pattern-oriented approaches originate from island biogeography (MacArthur & Wilson, 1967) and are the tradi ...
... approaches. Here, the focus is typically on human-perceived landscape patterns and their correlation with measures of species occurrence, including aggregate measures such as species richness. Pattern-oriented approaches originate from island biogeography (MacArthur & Wilson, 1967) and are the tradi ...
Pomacanthus arcuatus (Grey Angelfish)
... slowly thus, consuming their food at the same rate. Their diet consists of sponges, algae, sea grasses, gorgonian polyps and other invertebrates and the also share similar prey and predators with three other fish species (Gustavson et al., 2002). The majority of their diet is composed of sponges and ...
... slowly thus, consuming their food at the same rate. Their diet consists of sponges, algae, sea grasses, gorgonian polyps and other invertebrates and the also share similar prey and predators with three other fish species (Gustavson et al., 2002). The majority of their diet is composed of sponges and ...
6 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Grasslands
... differently to the deletion of the dominant species. We can speculate that deletion of the dominant microbial species that accounts for nitrogen mineralization may produce a very different response depending upon the presence of other species that can perform the same function. If alternative specie ...
... differently to the deletion of the dominant species. We can speculate that deletion of the dominant microbial species that accounts for nitrogen mineralization may produce a very different response depending upon the presence of other species that can perform the same function. If alternative specie ...
evolutionary inferences from the analysis of exchangeability
... The alternative is to use the full distribution of genotypes and phenotypes to infer how well individuals can be exchanged among populations without altering their ecological, phenotypic, or genetic properties. This consideration of the full distribution of phenotypes and genotypes acknowledges the ...
... The alternative is to use the full distribution of genotypes and phenotypes to infer how well individuals can be exchanged among populations without altering their ecological, phenotypic, or genetic properties. This consideration of the full distribution of phenotypes and genotypes acknowledges the ...
Environmental Science - Volusia County Schools
... identify the abiotic and biotic factors that influence all types of ecosystems, including freshwater systems, marine systems, and terrestrial systems: o abiotic: salinity, depth, currents, temperature, available oxygen, nutrients, upwelling, soil o biotic: living organisms ...
... identify the abiotic and biotic factors that influence all types of ecosystems, including freshwater systems, marine systems, and terrestrial systems: o abiotic: salinity, depth, currents, temperature, available oxygen, nutrients, upwelling, soil o biotic: living organisms ...
new learning outcomes - Manitoba Forestry Association
... Describe factors affecting water quality and quantity, and aquatic ecosystems, including biodiversity, non-native species, habitat reduction, climate change, pollution, and human activity. ...
... Describe factors affecting water quality and quantity, and aquatic ecosystems, including biodiversity, non-native species, habitat reduction, climate change, pollution, and human activity. ...
Different but equal: the implausible assumption at the heart of
... because of stochasticity in births, deaths and the outcome of competition: for example, on average, individuals of a given species might produce 10 000 seeds per year, but in reality the actual number of seeds produced will vary among individuals. Similarly, in lottery-type models with a finite numbe ...
... because of stochasticity in births, deaths and the outcome of competition: for example, on average, individuals of a given species might produce 10 000 seeds per year, but in reality the actual number of seeds produced will vary among individuals. Similarly, in lottery-type models with a finite numbe ...
Genetic Biodiversity Recommendations of the European Platform for
... some of which are characterized by a calcareous exoskeleton. Many species of coral polyps receive part of their nutrition from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which give the coral its characteristic colour. Successive generations of individuals build their skeletons on those of earlier generat ...
... some of which are characterized by a calcareous exoskeleton. Many species of coral polyps receive part of their nutrition from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which give the coral its characteristic colour. Successive generations of individuals build their skeletons on those of earlier generat ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.