Exergetic Model of Secondary Successions for Plant Communities in
... state; otherwise, the equilibrium is unstable and becomes less resilient. The diversity of species has a significant effect over the resistance to perturbations but equivocal for the recovery rate. Lyapunov coefficients may be more precise succession indicators than biodiversity indexes, representin ...
... state; otherwise, the equilibrium is unstable and becomes less resilient. The diversity of species has a significant effect over the resistance to perturbations but equivocal for the recovery rate. Lyapunov coefficients may be more precise succession indicators than biodiversity indexes, representin ...
Latitudinal gradients in biotic niche breadth vary
... Food webs—networks of feeding links between species—have been used for several decades to summarize the structure of ecological communities [1– 3], and to understand how that structure relates to environmental variables such as habitat type [4,5], primary productivity [6– 8] and climate [9,10]. The ...
... Food webs—networks of feeding links between species—have been used for several decades to summarize the structure of ecological communities [1– 3], and to understand how that structure relates to environmental variables such as habitat type [4,5], primary productivity [6– 8] and climate [9,10]. The ...
2010 - The Global Biodiversity Challenge
... Strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way Humans are an integral component of many ecosystems. Ecosystem = dynamic complex of plants, animals and micro-organisms and their non-living environment i ...
... Strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way Humans are an integral component of many ecosystems. Ecosystem = dynamic complex of plants, animals and micro-organisms and their non-living environment i ...
Climate-driven interactions among rocky intertidal organisms caught
... southern sites because this snail is also largely a boreal species whose distribution does not extend south of Cape Cod (Glude 1955; Gosner 1978). While our results must be interpreted with caution since they come from a single experiment done in a single year, they suggest that the relatively small ...
... southern sites because this snail is also largely a boreal species whose distribution does not extend south of Cape Cod (Glude 1955; Gosner 1978). While our results must be interpreted with caution since they come from a single experiment done in a single year, they suggest that the relatively small ...
Process-based models are required to manage ecological systems
... and nutrient dynamics at various spatial and temporal scales. If key scales of a process are likely to be in flux over the period targeted for management, the model should allow an exploration of how these changes affect outcomes. Changing the scale of a process can alter the relative importance of ...
... and nutrient dynamics at various spatial and temporal scales. If key scales of a process are likely to be in flux over the period targeted for management, the model should allow an exploration of how these changes affect outcomes. Changing the scale of a process can alter the relative importance of ...
Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology
... the restoration of degraded land. Traditionally, restoration efforts have focused on re-establishing historical disturbance regimes or abiotic conditions, relying on successional processes to guide the recovery of biotic communities. However, strong feedbacks between biotic factors and the physical ...
... the restoration of degraded land. Traditionally, restoration efforts have focused on re-establishing historical disturbance regimes or abiotic conditions, relying on successional processes to guide the recovery of biotic communities. However, strong feedbacks between biotic factors and the physical ...
Linking ecological niche, community ecology and biogeography
... simulate different processes and a wide array of virtual species by varying parameter values representing ecological traits (e.g. Cabral et al., 2011). These models can also simulate species’ behaviour under different model configurations or scenarios (e.g. Keith et al., 2008), and are thus useful t ...
... simulate different processes and a wide array of virtual species by varying parameter values representing ecological traits (e.g. Cabral et al., 2011). These models can also simulate species’ behaviour under different model configurations or scenarios (e.g. Keith et al., 2008), and are thus useful t ...
Teaching Through Science Trade Books MacLaren Stephanie
... The theory of evolution states that the first life appeared on Earth about three to four billion years ago, after the planet’s crust formed and cooled to a livable temperature. The first living things believed to appear on the planet were microscopic single celled organisms. Eventually, these simple ...
... The theory of evolution states that the first life appeared on Earth about three to four billion years ago, after the planet’s crust formed and cooled to a livable temperature. The first living things believed to appear on the planet were microscopic single celled organisms. Eventually, these simple ...
6-3 Biodiversity
... wildlife. Strategies for Conservation Many conservation efforts are aimed at managing individual species to keep them from becoming extinct. ...
... wildlife. Strategies for Conservation Many conservation efforts are aimed at managing individual species to keep them from becoming extinct. ...
Predicting ecosystem stability from community
... at all levels of species diversity (Fig. 1, left panels). At high levels of connectance and interspecific competition, the match was still present but was less strong (Fig. 1, right panels). Recall that our prediction includes the effect of interspecific competition on average species abundances, bu ...
... at all levels of species diversity (Fig. 1, left panels). At high levels of connectance and interspecific competition, the match was still present but was less strong (Fig. 1, right panels). Recall that our prediction includes the effect of interspecific competition on average species abundances, bu ...
ECOCRITICISM : NATURAL WORLD IN THE LITERARY
... framework, ecocritics are mainly concerned with how literature transmits certain values contributing to ecological thinking. They state that the environmental crisis is a question that cannot be overlooked in literary studies. Consciousness raising in environmental thinking, and the ethical and aest ...
... framework, ecocritics are mainly concerned with how literature transmits certain values contributing to ecological thinking. They state that the environmental crisis is a question that cannot be overlooked in literary studies. Consciousness raising in environmental thinking, and the ethical and aest ...
Regional and local impact on species diversity – from pattern to
... 2001). Generally, these studies agree on an important influence of both regional and local factors, but the relative importance of these factors is still uncertain since they act on different temporal and spatial scales. Some of these scales are difficult to manipulate or are not at all tractable, r ...
... 2001). Generally, these studies agree on an important influence of both regional and local factors, but the relative importance of these factors is still uncertain since they act on different temporal and spatial scales. Some of these scales are difficult to manipulate or are not at all tractable, r ...
Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning: emerging issues and
... viour and ecology of organisms, the community structure, biotic interactions and abiotic constraints. The aqueous medium of aquatic systems, greatly influences uptake and transformation of materials by organisms. Accordingly, the faster rate of transfer across membranes and transformation of energy ...
... viour and ecology of organisms, the community structure, biotic interactions and abiotic constraints. The aqueous medium of aquatic systems, greatly influences uptake and transformation of materials by organisms. Accordingly, the faster rate of transfer across membranes and transformation of energy ...
A generic approach to integrate biodiversity considerations in
... reduced submersion of downstream floodplains, which may in turn influence the recharge of groundwater aquifers under these plains, etc.). Projects can also carry out social2 interventions that lead to social change processes being defined as changes in the characteristics of social components (indiv ...
... reduced submersion of downstream floodplains, which may in turn influence the recharge of groundwater aquifers under these plains, etc.). Projects can also carry out social2 interventions that lead to social change processes being defined as changes in the characteristics of social components (indiv ...
PDF
... After discussing generally models in ecology and economics that combine competition, optimization and evolution, this article concentrates on models of intraspecific competition. It demonstrates the importance of diversity/inequalities within populations of species and other environments for the sus ...
... After discussing generally models in ecology and economics that combine competition, optimization and evolution, this article concentrates on models of intraspecific competition. It demonstrates the importance of diversity/inequalities within populations of species and other environments for the sus ...
Evolutionary explanation
... relative to an environment. Traits as adaptations, fitness and adaptedness of organisms are basically related by natural selection, namely the process by which the more adapted organisms, having higher chances of survival and reproduction (i.e. higher fitness), on the average leave more offspring, a ...
... relative to an environment. Traits as adaptations, fitness and adaptedness of organisms are basically related by natural selection, namely the process by which the more adapted organisms, having higher chances of survival and reproduction (i.e. higher fitness), on the average leave more offspring, a ...
1" 2" 3" Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability 4" 5" 6
... diversity (Hed) that is based on the relative distribution of evolutionary distinctiveness in ...
... diversity (Hed) that is based on the relative distribution of evolutionary distinctiveness in ...
www.sciencedirect.com e-mail address Contact Top 25 Team About
... Melbourne-Thomas, J.; Miller, K.; Pecl, G.T.; R Cited by SciVerse Scopus (5) ...
... Melbourne-Thomas, J.; Miller, K.; Pecl, G.T.; R Cited by SciVerse Scopus (5) ...
Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability
... divergence times (Felsenstein 1985, Harvey and Pagel 1991), then the simplest models of evolutionary change predict that the more distantly related two species are, the greater likelihood that they differ ecologically. Of course, individual traits may show idiosyncratic patterns and rates of evoluti ...
... divergence times (Felsenstein 1985, Harvey and Pagel 1991), then the simplest models of evolutionary change predict that the more distantly related two species are, the greater likelihood that they differ ecologically. Of course, individual traits may show idiosyncratic patterns and rates of evoluti ...
Links between Biodiversity and Ecosystem
... Introduction and ‘State-of-the-art’ The quantitative relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services is still poorly understood (Balvanera et al., 2014; 2016). In recent years, many publications have appeared on this topic (e.g. Elmqvist et al., 2010; Mace et al., 201 ...
... Introduction and ‘State-of-the-art’ The quantitative relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services is still poorly understood (Balvanera et al., 2014; 2016). In recent years, many publications have appeared on this topic (e.g. Elmqvist et al., 2010; Mace et al., 201 ...
Southern African Sustainable Use Specialist Group
... Contribution to those things valued by the societies that set them aside, i.e. Recreation / wilderness in rich, urban nations Jobs and economy in poor, rural nations ...
... Contribution to those things valued by the societies that set them aside, i.e. Recreation / wilderness in rich, urban nations Jobs and economy in poor, rural nations ...
Diversity effects beyond species richness: evidence from intertidal macroalgal assemblages Francisco Arenas
... relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning, particularly productivity, have dominated research in this area of ecology, with a linear or loglinear relationship as the most commonly described patterns (Hooper et al. 2005, Srivastava & Vellend 2005, Balvanera et al. 2006). Biodiversity h ...
... relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning, particularly productivity, have dominated research in this area of ecology, with a linear or loglinear relationship as the most commonly described patterns (Hooper et al. 2005, Srivastava & Vellend 2005, Balvanera et al. 2006). Biodiversity h ...
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF WETLANDS
... plants, animals and microorganisms, interacting among themselves and with their non-living environment (energy, water, and gaseous and mineral elements). Humans are just one of millions of kinds of organisms, and therefore, depend for their existence, survival and various activities upon the Earth’s ...
... plants, animals and microorganisms, interacting among themselves and with their non-living environment (energy, water, and gaseous and mineral elements). Humans are just one of millions of kinds of organisms, and therefore, depend for their existence, survival and various activities upon the Earth’s ...
Name: Ecology 1. Plants make their own food
... increased knowledge of genetics leads to reclassification ...
... increased knowledge of genetics leads to reclassification ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.