X. PHYLOGENY, cont
... X. PHYLOGENY, cont • Tree Construction, cont Ancestral Trait – trait from which organisms evolve; found in common ancestor Derived Traits – new traits that evolved after ancestral trait Synapomorphies – shared among a group of organisms; viewed as evidence for common ancestry of group. EX: ve ...
... X. PHYLOGENY, cont • Tree Construction, cont Ancestral Trait – trait from which organisms evolve; found in common ancestor Derived Traits – new traits that evolved after ancestral trait Synapomorphies – shared among a group of organisms; viewed as evidence for common ancestry of group. EX: ve ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2012) and requires ongoing monitoring and maintenance to prevent predator incursions. Additionally, fencing can cause by-catch and death of native animals (Ferronato et al. 2014) and this should be managed appropriately. Further considerations include reducing inbreeding and potential overpopulatio ...
... 2012) and requires ongoing monitoring and maintenance to prevent predator incursions. Additionally, fencing can cause by-catch and death of native animals (Ferronato et al. 2014) and this should be managed appropriately. Further considerations include reducing inbreeding and potential overpopulatio ...
Patterns and Process
... In a mass extinction, entire ecosystems vanish and whole food webs collapse. Species become extinct because their environment breaks down and the ordinary process of natural selection can’t compensate quickly enough. ...
... In a mass extinction, entire ecosystems vanish and whole food webs collapse. Species become extinct because their environment breaks down and the ordinary process of natural selection can’t compensate quickly enough. ...
Sterling, Bynum, et al. Why Should You Care About Biologic…
... resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or declining populations (much less species heading for these categories). Therefore, genetic work needs to be undertaken in combination with conservation at larger scales. Conse ...
... resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or declining populations (much less species heading for these categories). Therefore, genetic work needs to be undertaken in combination with conservation at larger scales. Conse ...
Lecture 22. Succession Reconsidered
... ** because of these differences in colonization rates and growth rates, -succession would proceed even in the absence of any interactions among species Succession is more complicated than one set of species replacing another, however -recall there are three different kinds of species interactions th ...
... ** because of these differences in colonization rates and growth rates, -succession would proceed even in the absence of any interactions among species Succession is more complicated than one set of species replacing another, however -recall there are three different kinds of species interactions th ...
Functional diversity within a morphologically conservative genus of
... (Kurzava & Morin 1998; Chalcraft & Resetarits 2003a) ignores the vast complexity of ecological systems and the variety of so-called ‘services’ they provide. Communities that dramatically differ in species composition may have the same levels of community respiration, productivity or similar measures ...
... (Kurzava & Morin 1998; Chalcraft & Resetarits 2003a) ignores the vast complexity of ecological systems and the variety of so-called ‘services’ they provide. Communities that dramatically differ in species composition may have the same levels of community respiration, productivity or similar measures ...
Small bugs with a big impact: linking plankton ecology with
... to predicting large-scale features and processes? The behavior and physiology of individual planktonic organisms are adapted to the environment in which plankton live and their microscopic size places constraints on their biology. These adaptations and constraints have implications for the dynamics ...
... to predicting large-scale features and processes? The behavior and physiology of individual planktonic organisms are adapted to the environment in which plankton live and their microscopic size places constraints on their biology. These adaptations and constraints have implications for the dynamics ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 311:273
... entirely by the biosphere over the last 370 million yr (Rothman 2001). This implies that human dominance over the biosphere, either directly by changes in the mass of living organisms or indirectly by changes in biodiversity, leaves the carbon cycle (and by extension, all other biogeochemical cycles ...
... entirely by the biosphere over the last 370 million yr (Rothman 2001). This implies that human dominance over the biosphere, either directly by changes in the mass of living organisms or indirectly by changes in biodiversity, leaves the carbon cycle (and by extension, all other biogeochemical cycles ...
THE NEED IS MUTUAL - natureworkseverywhere.org
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
Word - Nature Works Everywhere
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
On the relationship between trophic position, body mass and
... food webs, which have a large incidence of omnivory and few discrete trophic levels, where individuals present large variations in body size and, consequently, in energetic demands, and with attributes that vary according to habitat and predator and prey types (Cohen et al. 2003, Arim and Marquet 20 ...
... food webs, which have a large incidence of omnivory and few discrete trophic levels, where individuals present large variations in body size and, consequently, in energetic demands, and with attributes that vary according to habitat and predator and prey types (Cohen et al. 2003, Arim and Marquet 20 ...
On the relationship between trophic position, body mass and
... food webs, which have a large incidence of omnivory and few discrete trophic levels, where individuals present large variations in body size and, consequently, in energetic demands, and with attributes that vary according to habitat and predator and prey types (Cohen et al. 2003, Arim and Marquet 20 ...
... food webs, which have a large incidence of omnivory and few discrete trophic levels, where individuals present large variations in body size and, consequently, in energetic demands, and with attributes that vary according to habitat and predator and prey types (Cohen et al. 2003, Arim and Marquet 20 ...
What is a population? Review of Genetics Terminology
... 3. Temporal isolation – mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or time of day 4. Behavioral isolation – little or no sexual attraction between males and females 5. Mechanical isolation – anatomical differences prevent exchange of gametes 6. Gametic isolation – female and male gametes fail t ...
... 3. Temporal isolation – mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or time of day 4. Behavioral isolation – little or no sexual attraction between males and females 5. Mechanical isolation – anatomical differences prevent exchange of gametes 6. Gametic isolation – female and male gametes fail t ...
Ranchers as a Keystone Species in a West That Works By Richard L
... Livestock grazing on public lands is believed by some to threaten biodiversity.18 But is it? One of the most thorough analyses on the ecological effects of grazing on public lands compared 26 long-term grazing exclosures with similar ...
... Livestock grazing on public lands is believed by some to threaten biodiversity.18 But is it? One of the most thorough analyses on the ecological effects of grazing on public lands compared 26 long-term grazing exclosures with similar ...
Trophic Ecology of the Armadillo Ant, Tatuidris tatusia, Assessed by
... ambient temperature. During their captivity, different food items (listed in the results chapter) were offered to the ants to study their feeding habits. Observations were carried out during the day under ordinary light conditions or at night using red light. Results and Discussion Species abundance ...
... ambient temperature. During their captivity, different food items (listed in the results chapter) were offered to the ants to study their feeding habits. Observations were carried out during the day under ordinary light conditions or at night using red light. Results and Discussion Species abundance ...
Developmental Psychobiology: Chap4
... that might help to explain why they happened to arrive at the same theory (Bronowski , 1973) . Wallace was a product of the same British Victorian milieu as Darwin , except that he was from the working class. He left school at 14, and his early experience with plants and animals was gained in the En ...
... that might help to explain why they happened to arrive at the same theory (Bronowski , 1973) . Wallace was a product of the same British Victorian milieu as Darwin , except that he was from the working class. He left school at 14, and his early experience with plants and animals was gained in the En ...
Enemy free space and the structure of ecological
... stations, feeding methods, etc.), have been influenced, not by competitors, but by natural enemies. Although all ecologists recognize that this must be so, many continue to act and write as though classical resource-based competition, especially for food, is the primary constraint operating on speci ...
... stations, feeding methods, etc.), have been influenced, not by competitors, but by natural enemies. Although all ecologists recognize that this must be so, many continue to act and write as though classical resource-based competition, especially for food, is the primary constraint operating on speci ...
Beyond species loss: the extinction of ecological interactions in a
... axis, widely used to indirectly predict extinction rates with species–area curves (He & Hubbell 2011). It may also represent any axis of habitat deterioration, such as increased isolation of habitat fragments, degree of desertification and intensity of grazing. Along this axis, we represent the patte ...
... axis, widely used to indirectly predict extinction rates with species–area curves (He & Hubbell 2011). It may also represent any axis of habitat deterioration, such as increased isolation of habitat fragments, degree of desertification and intensity of grazing. Along this axis, we represent the patte ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... has seemingly allowed this invasive species, and possibly many others, to escape the ?to grow or defend? trade-off of plants. As a result, evolutionary-based increases in the competitive ability of introduced plant species potentially contributes to an invasive life-history. The newest member of our ...
... has seemingly allowed this invasive species, and possibly many others, to escape the ?to grow or defend? trade-off of plants. As a result, evolutionary-based increases in the competitive ability of introduced plant species potentially contributes to an invasive life-history. The newest member of our ...
Beyond species loss: The extinction of ecological
... axis, widely used to indirectly predict extinction rates with species–area curves (He & Hubbell 2011). It may also represent any axis of habitat deterioration, such as increased isolation of habitat fragments, degree of desertification and intensity of grazing. Along this axis, we represent the patte ...
... axis, widely used to indirectly predict extinction rates with species–area curves (He & Hubbell 2011). It may also represent any axis of habitat deterioration, such as increased isolation of habitat fragments, degree of desertification and intensity of grazing. Along this axis, we represent the patte ...
Plant succession: theory and applications
... is abandoned by humans) is more usual. Indeed much of our farming, forestry, land reclamation schemes and even nature conservation relies on preventing or in some way directing this natural process of change. A good understanding of the pinciples driving this natural succession, and their efficient ...
... is abandoned by humans) is more usual. Indeed much of our farming, forestry, land reclamation schemes and even nature conservation relies on preventing or in some way directing this natural process of change. A good understanding of the pinciples driving this natural succession, and their efficient ...
stochastic processes across scales Disentangling the importance of
... how ecological niches influence patterns of biodiversity. First, it explicitly considers how the relative importance of stochastic processes changes with scale both within (e.g. between local habitats that vary in size) and among (e.g. between regions with large versus small species pools) biogeogra ...
... how ecological niches influence patterns of biodiversity. First, it explicitly considers how the relative importance of stochastic processes changes with scale both within (e.g. between local habitats that vary in size) and among (e.g. between regions with large versus small species pools) biogeogra ...
CONVENTION ON WETLANDS (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)
... drivers of change, particularly where these are of high quality or particularly typical of the biogeographic region; and/or are rare communities within a biogeographic region; and/or include ecotones, seral stages, and communities which exemplify particular processes; and/or can no longer develop un ...
... drivers of change, particularly where these are of high quality or particularly typical of the biogeographic region; and/or are rare communities within a biogeographic region; and/or include ecotones, seral stages, and communities which exemplify particular processes; and/or can no longer develop un ...
Natural selection and population dynamics
... stochasticity are generally expected to subsume any selective modulation of population growth rate, but theoretical considerations point to conditions under which selection can have an appreciable impact on population dynamics. By contrast, empirical research has barely scratched the surface of this ...
... stochasticity are generally expected to subsume any selective modulation of population growth rate, but theoretical considerations point to conditions under which selection can have an appreciable impact on population dynamics. By contrast, empirical research has barely scratched the surface of this ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.