Interaction webs in arctic ecosystems: Determinants of arctic
... Fig. 3 To reveal the full complexity of biotic interactions in the high arctic food web of Zackenberg, we show a quantitative representation of ecological interactions involving a single plant taxon, Dryas octopetala 9 integrifolia. The interactions depicted involve both antagonistic ones (green(1), ...
... Fig. 3 To reveal the full complexity of biotic interactions in the high arctic food web of Zackenberg, we show a quantitative representation of ecological interactions involving a single plant taxon, Dryas octopetala 9 integrifolia. The interactions depicted involve both antagonistic ones (green(1), ...
Environmental adaptation to lagoon systems
... boundary (5-8 %cl separates fresh water and marine fauna s and Khlebovich (1969) later expanded this concept by incorporating much more data. Pronounccd physiotogical changes occur within this critieal salinity boundary region, including distortion of cellular electrochemical properties, tissue albu ...
... boundary (5-8 %cl separates fresh water and marine fauna s and Khlebovich (1969) later expanded this concept by incorporating much more data. Pronounccd physiotogical changes occur within this critieal salinity boundary region, including distortion of cellular electrochemical properties, tissue albu ...
Ecological Risk Assessment
... 2 Fishing occurs in 24% of the 770,000 km2 NPF managed area for about 3 months each year => Population size likely to be affected before major changes in other sub-components => this species of catfish is likely to be most affected by fishing as it's been identified as the bycatch species most at ri ...
... 2 Fishing occurs in 24% of the 770,000 km2 NPF managed area for about 3 months each year => Population size likely to be affected before major changes in other sub-components => this species of catfish is likely to be most affected by fishing as it's been identified as the bycatch species most at ri ...
Darwin Finches : Explaining coexistence with adaptive
... allopatric phase has resulted in two ecologically distinct types, one of the two populations will go extinct through competitive exclusion. Worse, even if the two populations are ecologically distinct, it theoretically depends on the nature of the resource competition whether they can coexist or not ...
... allopatric phase has resulted in two ecologically distinct types, one of the two populations will go extinct through competitive exclusion. Worse, even if the two populations are ecologically distinct, it theoretically depends on the nature of the resource competition whether they can coexist or not ...
Bio EOC Review Resources - Highline Public Schools
... Process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved. Form ...
... Process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved. Form ...
What`s your trophic level and ecological efficiency
... Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic level value to yield the weighted contribution from each diet trophic lev ...
... Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic level value to yield the weighted contribution from each diet trophic lev ...
Conservation of species interaction networks
... processes through time under fluctuating environmental conditions. If, for example, a diverse array of predators attacked a particular pest species, compensation between different predator species following environmental change could maintain pest control through time. This process, known as ‘the ins ...
... processes through time under fluctuating environmental conditions. If, for example, a diverse array of predators attacked a particular pest species, compensation between different predator species following environmental change could maintain pest control through time. This process, known as ‘the ins ...
Curriculum Vitae
... NSF DEB-1457697, “Predation, competition, and establishment dynamics within an insular adaptive radiation” (PI) NSF DEB-1355122, “Causes and consequences of regular spatial patterning in foundation species: theoretical development and experimental tests in an African savanna” (co-PI) NSF DDIG DEB-15 ...
... NSF DEB-1457697, “Predation, competition, and establishment dynamics within an insular adaptive radiation” (PI) NSF DEB-1355122, “Causes and consequences of regular spatial patterning in foundation species: theoretical development and experimental tests in an African savanna” (co-PI) NSF DDIG DEB-15 ...
IMPACTS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS ON FRESHWATER
... worldwide (see, for example, Nesler & Bergersen 1991; Witte et al. 1992; Flecker & Townsend 1994; Hall & Mills 2000; Latini & Petrere 2004). Cumulative invasions have disproportionately transformed freshwater communities such that they are dominated by nonindigenous species to a greater extent than ...
... worldwide (see, for example, Nesler & Bergersen 1991; Witte et al. 1992; Flecker & Townsend 1994; Hall & Mills 2000; Latini & Petrere 2004). Cumulative invasions have disproportionately transformed freshwater communities such that they are dominated by nonindigenous species to a greater extent than ...
Food web structure of three guilds of natural enemies: predators
... Aphid natural enemies 193 individual plant in the case of herbaceous forbs, a flowering stem in the case of grasses fed on by aphids that congregate on flower spikes, or a 30 cm terminal shoot in the case of shrubs where aphids feed on young growth. On every fortnightly sampling occasion a minimum ...
... Aphid natural enemies 193 individual plant in the case of herbaceous forbs, a flowering stem in the case of grasses fed on by aphids that congregate on flower spikes, or a 30 cm terminal shoot in the case of shrubs where aphids feed on young growth. On every fortnightly sampling occasion a minimum ...
poster - Sam Houston State University
... The downstream transport and relative concentration of nutrients are thematic in driving the overall structure and function of stream ecosystems. The slightest increase in nutrient loads can result in a dramatic shift in ecosystem health, productivity, and sustainability. These potential shifts in n ...
... The downstream transport and relative concentration of nutrients are thematic in driving the overall structure and function of stream ecosystems. The slightest increase in nutrient loads can result in a dramatic shift in ecosystem health, productivity, and sustainability. These potential shifts in n ...
The Science of Ecology - Midlands State University
... Population ecology is the study of interactions within populations (i.e., intraspecific interactions) Recall that populations are groups of interacting conspecifics (e.g., inter-mating) We can characterize individual populations in terms of there… Size (average vs. variation) Density (& impacts ...
... Population ecology is the study of interactions within populations (i.e., intraspecific interactions) Recall that populations are groups of interacting conspecifics (e.g., inter-mating) We can characterize individual populations in terms of there… Size (average vs. variation) Density (& impacts ...
Application of species distribution models to explain and predict the
... In temperate marine environments, numerous studies have detected strong spatial associations between, for example, temperate demersal fishes and either biotic (e.g. Choat & Ayling, 1987; Levin & Hay, 1996; Dean et al., 2000; Anderson & Millar, 2004) or abiotic (e.g. Carr, 1991; Curley et al., 2002; ...
... In temperate marine environments, numerous studies have detected strong spatial associations between, for example, temperate demersal fishes and either biotic (e.g. Choat & Ayling, 1987; Levin & Hay, 1996; Dean et al., 2000; Anderson & Millar, 2004) or abiotic (e.g. Carr, 1991; Curley et al., 2002; ...
Environment Module 1_Ecological concepts
... Sum total of living, non-living components; influences and events, surrounding an organism. ...
... Sum total of living, non-living components; influences and events, surrounding an organism. ...
Ch 14 Jeopardy review for test Interactions in ecosystems
... and Niche Interactions Distribution ...
... and Niche Interactions Distribution ...
REVIEW ESSAY
... anticipated the limits to growth thesis; that Leopold discovered the importance of biotic interdependence; that Rolston emphasizes local narratives over formulaic obligation; and that Fox at least tries to place humans in/with other species. But there is no doubt that each environmental ethic reveal ...
... anticipated the limits to growth thesis; that Leopold discovered the importance of biotic interdependence; that Rolston emphasizes local narratives over formulaic obligation; and that Fox at least tries to place humans in/with other species. But there is no doubt that each environmental ethic reveal ...
Contributions of a global network of tree diversity
... long-term silvicultural trials were established to identify the most productive species and provenances to plant in novel forests. The trials were definitely a success for the development of production-oriented management; largescale forest plantations were established with fast-growing tree species ...
... long-term silvicultural trials were established to identify the most productive species and provenances to plant in novel forests. The trials were definitely a success for the development of production-oriented management; largescale forest plantations were established with fast-growing tree species ...
State of Regional Parks: An Ecological Perspective
... rare plant or population of rare plants. Environmental impact assessments for all parks development projects are needed to avoid such scenarios. Also, inventory information needs to be communicated to the operational staff of parks to increase their level of knowledge about the rare and threatened p ...
... rare plant or population of rare plants. Environmental impact assessments for all parks development projects are needed to avoid such scenarios. Also, inventory information needs to be communicated to the operational staff of parks to increase their level of knowledge about the rare and threatened p ...
Managing for ecosystem services Lowland Agriculture
... aphid numbers was examined in a study in England17. Levels of control were positively related to the proportions of linear grass margins, with natural predators of aphids achieving 87% control after 14 days. The links between management regime and pernicious weed species was investigated in a UK stu ...
... aphid numbers was examined in a study in England17. Levels of control were positively related to the proportions of linear grass margins, with natural predators of aphids achieving 87% control after 14 days. The links between management regime and pernicious weed species was investigated in a UK stu ...
Comparability: the key to the applicability of food web research
... A major problem with keystone research is how to identify exactly (quantitatively) keystone species. Quantitative approaches could provide predictive power and the possibility of a priori identification instead of recognising the large effect of a species only after it has gone extinct. Following an ...
... A major problem with keystone research is how to identify exactly (quantitatively) keystone species. Quantitative approaches could provide predictive power and the possibility of a priori identification instead of recognising the large effect of a species only after it has gone extinct. Following an ...
Interspecific Dominance Via Vocal Interactions Mediates Altitudinal
... Competition for limited resources often results in the evolution of displays that minimize direct physical combat (Maynard Smith and Harper 2004). In many species, signals reduce escalation of aggressive contests by conveying information about resource-holding potential (Parker 1974) to a network of ...
... Competition for limited resources often results in the evolution of displays that minimize direct physical combat (Maynard Smith and Harper 2004). In many species, signals reduce escalation of aggressive contests by conveying information about resource-holding potential (Parker 1974) to a network of ...
Ecological Consequences of Extinction
... ship can take many forms. Sometimes no relationship or an idiosyncratic (or unpredictable) relationship is observed. This relationship would be expected, for example, in communities featuring higher-order interactions (Lawton, 1994). However, the majority of studies have found a positive but saturat ...
... ship can take many forms. Sometimes no relationship or an idiosyncratic (or unpredictable) relationship is observed. This relationship would be expected, for example, in communities featuring higher-order interactions (Lawton, 1994). However, the majority of studies have found a positive but saturat ...
Food webs in space: On the interplay of dynamic instability and
... One of the core ideas of island biogeographic theory is that area can influence community structure via colonization and extinction. All else being equal, a species is more likely to be found on a large island, than a small island, because the large island provides a larger target for colonization a ...
... One of the core ideas of island biogeographic theory is that area can influence community structure via colonization and extinction. All else being equal, a species is more likely to be found on a large island, than a small island, because the large island provides a larger target for colonization a ...
Genetic identity of interspecific neighbours mediates plant
... (Chanway et al. 1990; Luscher et al. 1992; Expert et al. 1997) have not undermined the basic recognition that these plants exhibit fine-scale adaptations to their local biotic environment (Turkington 1996). However, evidence for this phenomenon in other systems remains scarce (but see Kelley & Clay ...
... (Chanway et al. 1990; Luscher et al. 1992; Expert et al. 1997) have not undermined the basic recognition that these plants exhibit fine-scale adaptations to their local biotic environment (Turkington 1996). However, evidence for this phenomenon in other systems remains scarce (but see Kelley & Clay ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.