INVASION DYNAMICS OF CYTISUS SCOPARIUS: A MATRIX
... pest species can have important consequences for early detection and eradication efforts (Carey 1996). In addition, the density eventually reached by an invader contributes to the impact of that species on the host community. Not just the final magnitude of density, but also the form of population r ...
... pest species can have important consequences for early detection and eradication efforts (Carey 1996). In addition, the density eventually reached by an invader contributes to the impact of that species on the host community. Not just the final magnitude of density, but also the form of population r ...
Monitoring data from citizen-science programs
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... community maintains the same level as that found on the mainland despite species loss following isolation. The conditions for “ecological release” (Crowell 1962) whereby depauperate communities can maintain constant total biomass have been worked out using competition theory for guilds of similar sp ...
... community maintains the same level as that found on the mainland despite species loss following isolation. The conditions for “ecological release” (Crowell 1962) whereby depauperate communities can maintain constant total biomass have been worked out using competition theory for guilds of similar sp ...
What good are wolves?
... natural ecosystems work. It has also reminded us that predation is one of the dominant forces in all of nature, present in ecosystems worldwide over millions of years (D.W. Smith, Pers. Com.). Predation of wolves is important to the integrity of the Yellowstone ecosystem, but we should realize that, ...
... natural ecosystems work. It has also reminded us that predation is one of the dominant forces in all of nature, present in ecosystems worldwide over millions of years (D.W. Smith, Pers. Com.). Predation of wolves is important to the integrity of the Yellowstone ecosystem, but we should realize that, ...
Unit 3 - eduBuzz.org
... takes place in chloroplasts in the leaf where photosynthetic pigments are located. The most important photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecules trap the energy from light to drive a series of chemical reactions. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water a ...
... takes place in chloroplasts in the leaf where photosynthetic pigments are located. The most important photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecules trap the energy from light to drive a series of chemical reactions. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water a ...
Non-optimal animal movement in human
... individuals that are motivated to move away from their current site. X’s represent individuals that died while attempting to move through the matrix to reach a new site. When habitat is patchy and the matrix is risky (a), movements across the habitat boundary into the matrix frequently result in mor ...
... individuals that are motivated to move away from their current site. X’s represent individuals that died while attempting to move through the matrix to reach a new site. When habitat is patchy and the matrix is risky (a), movements across the habitat boundary into the matrix frequently result in mor ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... c. Intense predation in the polar regions limits the number of species that can live there. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: a Textbook Reference: 57.3 What Patterns of Species Diversity Have Ecologists Observed? Page: 1212 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 39. One assumption of the theory of ...
... c. Intense predation in the polar regions limits the number of species that can live there. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: a Textbook Reference: 57.3 What Patterns of Species Diversity Have Ecologists Observed? Page: 1212 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 39. One assumption of the theory of ...
Population Ecology
... Population Density - Number of individuals per unit area or volume. Population Distribution - Pattern of dispersal of individuals within the area of interest. – Ecologists want to analyze and discover what causes the spatial and temporal “patchiness” of organisms. Limiting Factors are factors that ...
... Population Density - Number of individuals per unit area or volume. Population Distribution - Pattern of dispersal of individuals within the area of interest. – Ecologists want to analyze and discover what causes the spatial and temporal “patchiness” of organisms. Limiting Factors are factors that ...
Sustainability and Interdependence
... takes place in chloroplasts in the leaf where photosynthetic pigments are located. The most important photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecules trap the energy from light to drive a series of chemical reactions. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water a ...
... takes place in chloroplasts in the leaf where photosynthetic pigments are located. The most important photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecules trap the energy from light to drive a series of chemical reactions. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water a ...
Chapter 44 Ecology of Populations Notes
... Population Density - Number of individuals per unit area or volume. Population Distribution - Pattern of dispersal of individuals within the area of interest. – Ecologists want to analyze and discover what causes the spatial and temporal “patchiness” of organisms. Limiting Factors are factors that ...
... Population Density - Number of individuals per unit area or volume. Population Distribution - Pattern of dispersal of individuals within the area of interest. – Ecologists want to analyze and discover what causes the spatial and temporal “patchiness” of organisms. Limiting Factors are factors that ...
SQA CfE Higher Biology Unit 3: Sustainability and Interdependence
... takes place in chloroplasts in the leaf where photosynthetic pigments are located. The most important photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecules trap the energy from light to drive a series of chemical reactions. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water a ...
... takes place in chloroplasts in the leaf where photosynthetic pigments are located. The most important photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecules trap the energy from light to drive a series of chemical reactions. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water a ...
Natural and Sexual Selection Giveth and Taketh Away Reproductive
... abstract: The standard predictions of ecological speciation might be nuanced by the interaction between natural and sexual selection. We investigated this hypothesis with an individual-based model tailored to the biology of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We specifically modeled the situation where a ...
... abstract: The standard predictions of ecological speciation might be nuanced by the interaction between natural and sexual selection. We investigated this hypothesis with an individual-based model tailored to the biology of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We specifically modeled the situation where a ...
Resolving the value of the dingo in ecological restoration
... be undertaken by realigning the dingo-fence that borders Sturt National Park. • Sturt National Park provides an optimal reintroduction site because critical interactions between dingoes, mesopredators, overabundant herbivores, native prey, and vegetation can be tested. • This article sets out the be ...
... be undertaken by realigning the dingo-fence that borders Sturt National Park. • Sturt National Park provides an optimal reintroduction site because critical interactions between dingoes, mesopredators, overabundant herbivores, native prey, and vegetation can be tested. • This article sets out the be ...
Unit 1 Review Sheet Define ecology Contrast preservationist and
... 83. What are some factors that lead to the destruction of tropical rain forests? 84. Which terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem has the highest NPP? 85. What are characteristics of population dynamics? 86. What is carrying capacity? 87. Why do organisms live in clumps? 88. How long does it take to make ...
... 83. What are some factors that lead to the destruction of tropical rain forests? 84. Which terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem has the highest NPP? 85. What are characteristics of population dynamics? 86. What is carrying capacity? 87. Why do organisms live in clumps? 88. How long does it take to make ...
Restoration ecology and conservation biology
... species. This is somewhat less the case in wildlife management, the antecedent for conservation biology. We are still in the early stages of discovering and quantifying what the problems are in biodiversity conservation, a process that is largely descriptive. One way that conservation biology has so ...
... species. This is somewhat less the case in wildlife management, the antecedent for conservation biology. We are still in the early stages of discovering and quantifying what the problems are in biodiversity conservation, a process that is largely descriptive. One way that conservation biology has so ...
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES ON
... Karban and Baldwin [1997]). Despite these suggestive results, few studies have asked how common negative interactions among distantly related organisms within a single community are. Examining the interactions of non-congener herbivores will give us a clearer understanding of the true significance of ...
... Karban and Baldwin [1997]). Despite these suggestive results, few studies have asked how common negative interactions among distantly related organisms within a single community are. Examining the interactions of non-congener herbivores will give us a clearer understanding of the true significance of ...
Conservation and Subsistence in Small
... specialized and unchanging species mysterious -- but because in our particular ecological context they conferred evolutionary advantage. In sum, ecological instability is the crucible from which our species emerged, and has been the matrix in which we have thrived on the whole. Ecological engineerin ...
... specialized and unchanging species mysterious -- but because in our particular ecological context they conferred evolutionary advantage. In sum, ecological instability is the crucible from which our species emerged, and has been the matrix in which we have thrived on the whole. Ecological engineerin ...
Nutrient enrichment and food chains: can evolution buffer top
... herbivore evolution, plant evolution, or both. When only herbivores are allowed to evolve, the predictions are similar to those of the ecological model without evolution, i.e., plant biomass does not change with nutrient addition. When only plants evolve, nutrient enrichment leads to an increase in ...
... herbivore evolution, plant evolution, or both. When only herbivores are allowed to evolve, the predictions are similar to those of the ecological model without evolution, i.e., plant biomass does not change with nutrient addition. When only plants evolve, nutrient enrichment leads to an increase in ...
Chapter 2 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... They are recycled back into the ecosystem for use by other organisms Rainfall and temperature are the two most important factors limiting species distribution These physical conditions with their sets of similar plants and animals are called biomes Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permissi ...
... They are recycled back into the ecosystem for use by other organisms Rainfall and temperature are the two most important factors limiting species distribution These physical conditions with their sets of similar plants and animals are called biomes Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permissi ...
Biomass and Habitat Partitioning of Desmognathus on Wet Rock
... salamander biomass have become more common (Table 1). Burton and Likens (1975) were the first to estimate salamander biomass across a landscape (0.18 g m-2 in northeastern U.S. forests). Subsequently, Petranka and Murray (2001) estimated the biomass of a riparian-associated salamander assemblage in ...
... salamander biomass have become more common (Table 1). Burton and Likens (1975) were the first to estimate salamander biomass across a landscape (0.18 g m-2 in northeastern U.S. forests). Subsequently, Petranka and Murray (2001) estimated the biomass of a riparian-associated salamander assemblage in ...
Above and below ground impacts of terrestrial mammals
... Cascades of species interactions in terrestrial systems may be quite important for managing natural terrestrial systems however, when certain functional groups of species tend to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic or other disturbances (Turner 1992). Therefore, one priority for further devel ...
... Cascades of species interactions in terrestrial systems may be quite important for managing natural terrestrial systems however, when certain functional groups of species tend to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic or other disturbances (Turner 1992). Therefore, one priority for further devel ...
Ecological roles and conservation challenges of social, burrowing
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.