Terrestrial predators and abiotic conditions affect hatching survival
... Organisms with complex life cycles (e.g., amphibians, aquatic insects) that use both habitats sequentially through development are important links between aquatic and terrestrial food webs. The flux of these organisms moving between habitats can have important consequences for food web dynamics in a ...
... Organisms with complex life cycles (e.g., amphibians, aquatic insects) that use both habitats sequentially through development are important links between aquatic and terrestrial food webs. The flux of these organisms moving between habitats can have important consequences for food web dynamics in a ...
The ecology of shell shape difference in chirally - UvA-DARE
... to show subtle differences between both coiling morphs, and it is known that in snails in general, shell shape is under environmental selection, thus creating the possibility that micro-niche use of both coiling morphs differs. In this paper, we first confirm that hatchlings also differ in shell sha ...
... to show subtle differences between both coiling morphs, and it is known that in snails in general, shell shape is under environmental selection, thus creating the possibility that micro-niche use of both coiling morphs differs. In this paper, we first confirm that hatchlings also differ in shell sha ...
Refining mimicry: phenotypic variation tracks the local
... each individual by averaging measurements on the left and the right wing. Each kind of colour patch was further analysed separately. Analyses of spectra were carried out using models of animal vision, which take into account the observer’s vision and the illuminating light. Each photoreceptor is cha ...
... each individual by averaging measurements on the left and the right wing. Each kind of colour patch was further analysed separately. Analyses of spectra were carried out using models of animal vision, which take into account the observer’s vision and the illuminating light. Each photoreceptor is cha ...
MARELAC ` BOTANY` 3
... - soil formation by trapping debris (aerial roots!! + filamentous algae); - filter land run-off -> removing terrestrial organic matter; - habitats for many faunal species (nursery function!); - producers of detritus -> offshore productivity. • Mangrove loss: soil reclamation for aquaculture (shrimps ...
... - soil formation by trapping debris (aerial roots!! + filamentous algae); - filter land run-off -> removing terrestrial organic matter; - habitats for many faunal species (nursery function!); - producers of detritus -> offshore productivity. • Mangrove loss: soil reclamation for aquaculture (shrimps ...
How do we Measure the Environment? Linking Intertidal Thermal Physiology
... the mussel Mytilus californianus. Interestingly, results show that the same issues that make measurements of intertidal body temperatures particularly difficult also lead to complex patterns in thermal exposure, and thus present a unique opportunity to explore the role of thermal history in driving ...
... the mussel Mytilus californianus. Interestingly, results show that the same issues that make measurements of intertidal body temperatures particularly difficult also lead to complex patterns in thermal exposure, and thus present a unique opportunity to explore the role of thermal history in driving ...
Unit 5 test Answer Section
... 4. One way that species evolve over time to reduce 10. Which of the following is an example of a densityniche overlap is called dependent population control? A) competitive exclusion principle A) habitat destruction B) resource partitioning B) fire C) population distribution C) pollution D) interspe ...
... 4. One way that species evolve over time to reduce 10. Which of the following is an example of a densityniche overlap is called dependent population control? A) competitive exclusion principle A) habitat destruction B) resource partitioning B) fire C) population distribution C) pollution D) interspe ...
AN ECOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF POECILIID FISHES Gary K. Meffe
... Poeciliid fishes have been relatively well studied in areas such as genetics, reproductive physiology, and embryonic development, but ecological aspects of the group are less well known. Part of our ignorance stems from the historical use of poeciliids as important laboratory models for genetic, phy ...
... Poeciliid fishes have been relatively well studied in areas such as genetics, reproductive physiology, and embryonic development, but ecological aspects of the group are less well known. Part of our ignorance stems from the historical use of poeciliids as important laboratory models for genetic, phy ...
PDF - Gilchrist Lab
... populations may constrain local adaptation (Lenormand 2002), and behavioral adjustments may buffer selection on physiological and morphological traits (Huey et al. 2003). In any case, established geographic patterns for natural populations provide an evolutionary baseline (Figure 6.1A) that can be u ...
... populations may constrain local adaptation (Lenormand 2002), and behavioral adjustments may buffer selection on physiological and morphological traits (Huey et al. 2003). In any case, established geographic patterns for natural populations provide an evolutionary baseline (Figure 6.1A) that can be u ...
Validation of an Instrument to Measure the Change in Ecological
... content areas: ecological principles and humanity's interaction with the environment. The experiences offered by programs must be multidisciplinary, include "hands-on" participatory or field experiences, and must educate participants about the local ecology and environmental issues. It should be not ...
... content areas: ecological principles and humanity's interaction with the environment. The experiences offered by programs must be multidisciplinary, include "hands-on" participatory or field experiences, and must educate participants about the local ecology and environmental issues. It should be not ...
Phenology - URPP Global Change and Biodiversity
... In most disciplines, the term phenology is used interchangeably with seasonality, although the two are complementary in their description of ecosystem functioning; phenology referring to biotic processes, and seasonality referring to non-‐‑biol ...
... In most disciplines, the term phenology is used interchangeably with seasonality, although the two are complementary in their description of ecosystem functioning; phenology referring to biotic processes, and seasonality referring to non-‐‑biol ...
Course notes (part 1)
... These course notes comprise detailed teaching materials to support delivery of each of the ten Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) course units outlined in the curriculum and unit plans document. The course notes are also designed to be provided to students as essentail course reading ...
... These course notes comprise detailed teaching materials to support delivery of each of the ten Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) course units outlined in the curriculum and unit plans document. The course notes are also designed to be provided to students as essentail course reading ...
Interactions Among Organisms In An Aquatic Ecosystem
... Ghost Shrimp are relatively small invertebrates reaching a maximum size of only 2" and their life span is up to two years old. Ghost shrimp are best kept in an aquarium with a water temperature of 65-82 F / 18-28 C (Ghost Shrimp, 2008). It’s hard to determine their gender because there are no notice ...
... Ghost Shrimp are relatively small invertebrates reaching a maximum size of only 2" and their life span is up to two years old. Ghost shrimp are best kept in an aquarium with a water temperature of 65-82 F / 18-28 C (Ghost Shrimp, 2008). It’s hard to determine their gender because there are no notice ...
Character Convergence under Competition for Nutritionally
... consumer j. The biological interpretation of vj depends on the model derivation. The quantity [⭸(1/Nj )(dNj /dt)]/⭸uj is the slope of the fitness gradient, the partial derivative of the fitness (per capita growth rate) of consumer j with respect to uj. There are two ways to derive equation (3) as a ...
... consumer j. The biological interpretation of vj depends on the model derivation. The quantity [⭸(1/Nj )(dNj /dt)]/⭸uj is the slope of the fitness gradient, the partial derivative of the fitness (per capita growth rate) of consumer j with respect to uj. There are two ways to derive equation (3) as a ...
Organism Size, Life History, and N:P Stoichiometry
... organisms in analyzing how characteristics and activities of organisms influence, and are in turn influenced . by, the ecosystem in which they are found. In this article we introduce the main concepts and patterns of ecological stoichiometry and synthesize literature from a variety of fields to forg ...
... organisms in analyzing how characteristics and activities of organisms influence, and are in turn influenced . by, the ecosystem in which they are found. In this article we introduce the main concepts and patterns of ecological stoichiometry and synthesize literature from a variety of fields to forg ...
The Ecology of Mutualism
... species" without evoking group selection. Twodefinitions have coexisted for decades. In one, benefit is defined on the individual level, in terms of the relative fitness of organismsthat do and do not participate in the interaction. This definition seems particularly appropriate for questions of evo ...
... species" without evoking group selection. Twodefinitions have coexisted for decades. In one, benefit is defined on the individual level, in terms of the relative fitness of organismsthat do and do not participate in the interaction. This definition seems particularly appropriate for questions of evo ...
Functional traits, productivity and effects on nitrogen
... among the functional traits of fine roots for non-legumes parallels the set of correlations for leaf functional traits. Low-N species maintained greater biomass than highN species, more by producing tissues with low N concentrations and greater longevity than by acquiring more N. Greater relative pr ...
... among the functional traits of fine roots for non-legumes parallels the set of correlations for leaf functional traits. Low-N species maintained greater biomass than highN species, more by producing tissues with low N concentrations and greater longevity than by acquiring more N. Greater relative pr ...
Interactions among invaders: community and ecosystem effects of
... of the southwest (Stromberg et al. 2007). For most invaders, however, our knowledge regarding specific ecological impacts remains limited (Pyšek et al. 2008), particularly at scales extending beyond the population level (see Parker et al. 1999). When community or ecosystem-level changes are associa ...
... of the southwest (Stromberg et al. 2007). For most invaders, however, our knowledge regarding specific ecological impacts remains limited (Pyšek et al. 2008), particularly at scales extending beyond the population level (see Parker et al. 1999). When community or ecosystem-level changes are associa ...
Trophic strategies, animal diversity and body size
... none of the ten trophic strategies we describe here (Fig. 1 in main text) has a single evolutionary origin and all are spread among phyla. This pattern fits Sewall Wright’s [e] concept of adaptive peaks: among species, selection for similar optima for the interacting cluster of traits that comprise ...
... none of the ten trophic strategies we describe here (Fig. 1 in main text) has a single evolutionary origin and all are spread among phyla. This pattern fits Sewall Wright’s [e] concept of adaptive peaks: among species, selection for similar optima for the interacting cluster of traits that comprise ...
Riverine Ecosystems in International Law
... land and water. Unless national and international conservation measures reflect the interdependent links that characterize riverine ecosystems, efforts to protect and restore their biodiversity will prove superficial. Protection across jurisdictional boundaries, different regulatory regimes and envi ...
... land and water. Unless national and international conservation measures reflect the interdependent links that characterize riverine ecosystems, efforts to protect and restore their biodiversity will prove superficial. Protection across jurisdictional boundaries, different regulatory regimes and envi ...
Biological Diversity - FIU Faculty Websites
... inferences about the number of colours (species) in the entire jar. This process of statistical inference depends critically on the biological assumption that the community is ‘closed,’ with an unchanging total number of species and a steady species abundance distribution. Jellybeans may be added or ...
... inferences about the number of colours (species) in the entire jar. This process of statistical inference depends critically on the biological assumption that the community is ‘closed,’ with an unchanging total number of species and a steady species abundance distribution. Jellybeans may be added or ...
background - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... David Clark (2000-2002) MSc, Botany, University of Toronto Danush Viswanathan (2000-2005) PhD, Botany, University of Toronto Maria Clara Castellanos (2001-2003) PhD, Zoology, University of Toronto Eric Dunbar (2001-2003) MSc, Botany, University of Toronto Michelle Greenshields (2001-2003) MSc, Fores ...
... David Clark (2000-2002) MSc, Botany, University of Toronto Danush Viswanathan (2000-2005) PhD, Botany, University of Toronto Maria Clara Castellanos (2001-2003) PhD, Zoology, University of Toronto Eric Dunbar (2001-2003) MSc, Botany, University of Toronto Michelle Greenshields (2001-2003) MSc, Fores ...
pdf. - Robert Colwell
... inferences about the number of colours (species) in the entire jar. This process of statistical inference depends critically on the biological assumption that the community is ‘closed,’ with an unchanging total number of species and a steady species abundance distribution. Jellybeans may be added or ...
... inferences about the number of colours (species) in the entire jar. This process of statistical inference depends critically on the biological assumption that the community is ‘closed,’ with an unchanging total number of species and a steady species abundance distribution. Jellybeans may be added or ...
Colonies Are Individuals: Revisiting the Superorganism Revival
... 3 Colonies Are Individuals 3.1 The Individuality Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Colonies Are Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 3 Colonies Are Individuals 3.1 The Individuality Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Colonies Are Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Academic Biology - Pompton Lakes School District
... DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells. (HS-LS1-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HS-LS3-1.) Multicellular organisms have a hierarchical structural organization, in which any one system is made u ...
... DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells. (HS-LS1-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HS-LS3-1.) Multicellular organisms have a hierarchical structural organization, in which any one system is made u ...
Plant communities in harsh sites are less invaded: a summary of
... native species in low-N plant communities such as calcareous grasslands in the Netherlands (Willems 2001; Lee and Power 2013), sandy grasslands of Hungary (Török et al. 2014), coastal grasslands in California (Kolb et al. 2002), and arid (Brooks 2003) and semi-arid ecosystems in western North Americ ...
... native species in low-N plant communities such as calcareous grasslands in the Netherlands (Willems 2001; Lee and Power 2013), sandy grasslands of Hungary (Török et al. 2014), coastal grasslands in California (Kolb et al. 2002), and arid (Brooks 2003) and semi-arid ecosystems in western North Americ ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.