research highlights - Edith Cowan University
... kelp) sources of nutrients in seagrass meadows. Nutrients can flow from most productive ecosystems, known as ‘donor ecosystems’, to less productive ones, the recipients. Once the allochthonous material is deposited within a recipient habitat, it may have substantial implications on the productivity ...
... kelp) sources of nutrients in seagrass meadows. Nutrients can flow from most productive ecosystems, known as ‘donor ecosystems’, to less productive ones, the recipients. Once the allochthonous material is deposited within a recipient habitat, it may have substantial implications on the productivity ...
Dialogues in Human Geography
... Reviewed by: Bradley B Walters, Mount Allison University, Canada ...
... Reviewed by: Bradley B Walters, Mount Allison University, Canada ...
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... for parkwide control wthout marked funding increases (Tunison et al., in press; Tunison, this volume). Distribution mapping also indicated that firetree and banana poka had spread rapidly into extensive, mostly intact areas of the Park (Warshauer et al. 1982; Whiteaker and Gardner 1985). As the bioc ...
... for parkwide control wthout marked funding increases (Tunison et al., in press; Tunison, this volume). Distribution mapping also indicated that firetree and banana poka had spread rapidly into extensive, mostly intact areas of the Park (Warshauer et al. 1982; Whiteaker and Gardner 1985). As the bioc ...
pptx
... Burns, J.M., Janzen, D.H., Hajibabaei,M., Hallwachs,W., and Hebert, P.D.N. 2008. DNA and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the genus Perichares in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:6350-6355. Miller, J. C., Janzen, D. H. and Hall ...
... Burns, J.M., Janzen, D.H., Hajibabaei,M., Hallwachs,W., and Hebert, P.D.N. 2008. DNA and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the genus Perichares in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:6350-6355. Miller, J. C., Janzen, D. H. and Hall ...
Document
... Topic Introduction The ecosystem concept Climate/soils Soils II Ecosystem energy balance Water cycling Carbon GPP/NPP NEP ...
... Topic Introduction The ecosystem concept Climate/soils Soils II Ecosystem energy balance Water cycling Carbon GPP/NPP NEP ...
Positive Plant Diversity-Soil Stability Relationships are
... and ecosystem functioning (Loreau, 2010), and plants can affect soil processes either directly or indirectly (Loreau et al., 2001; Sylvain and Wall, 2011). Here, we conducted this study to examine the effects of above-ground living plant diversity upon below-ground ecosystem stability in natural ste ...
... and ecosystem functioning (Loreau, 2010), and plants can affect soil processes either directly or indirectly (Loreau et al., 2001; Sylvain and Wall, 2011). Here, we conducted this study to examine the effects of above-ground living plant diversity upon below-ground ecosystem stability in natural ste ...
Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls
... Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earth’s ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportiona ...
... Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earth’s ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportiona ...
speciation - Cameron University
... Having at least briefly considered the problems of phylogenetics and systematics using genetic markers, we will turn to speciation. This is one of the fundamental problems of evolutionary biology -- how do new species arise? What are the patterns and processes underlying the bewildering diversity of ...
... Having at least briefly considered the problems of phylogenetics and systematics using genetic markers, we will turn to speciation. This is one of the fundamental problems of evolutionary biology -- how do new species arise? What are the patterns and processes underlying the bewildering diversity of ...
PREDATOR – PREY RELATIONS AND FOOD WEBS
... other types of consumer exhibit different allometries (e.g., see Hechinger, Lafferty, and Kuris, Chapter 19). For example, the sizes of emerging parasitoids are strongly positively related to aphid host size, with an allometric scaling exponent close to 0.75 for primary, hyper- and mummy parasitoids ...
... other types of consumer exhibit different allometries (e.g., see Hechinger, Lafferty, and Kuris, Chapter 19). For example, the sizes of emerging parasitoids are strongly positively related to aphid host size, with an allometric scaling exponent close to 0.75 for primary, hyper- and mummy parasitoids ...
The functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems
... retention (reviewed by Hooper et al. 2005), and attributed these biodiversity effects to two classes of mechanisms – sampling effects and complementarity (Tilman et al. 1997; Loreau & Hector 2001). The sampling effect refers to the greater probability of including (sampling) a highly productive spec ...
... retention (reviewed by Hooper et al. 2005), and attributed these biodiversity effects to two classes of mechanisms – sampling effects and complementarity (Tilman et al. 1997; Loreau & Hector 2001). The sampling effect refers to the greater probability of including (sampling) a highly productive spec ...
Ecological scaling alters observed relationships between diversity
... inappropriate for the inferences drawn (e.g., inferring landscape-level relationships from empirical studies conducted at small spatial and temporal scales). While considerable research has recently focused on understanding human impacts on Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function-Invasion (BEFI) relationshi ...
... inappropriate for the inferences drawn (e.g., inferring landscape-level relationships from empirical studies conducted at small spatial and temporal scales). While considerable research has recently focused on understanding human impacts on Biodiversity-Ecosystem Function-Invasion (BEFI) relationshi ...
Community dynamics and ecosystem simplification in a high
... Recovery patterns, which are influenced by the external environment, recruitment rates, and species interactions (30, 31), can lend insight into these important community dynamics. Highly variable and idiosyncratic recovery patterns (i.e., contingent succession, sensu ref. 32) suggest that recovery i ...
... Recovery patterns, which are influenced by the external environment, recruitment rates, and species interactions (30, 31), can lend insight into these important community dynamics. Highly variable and idiosyncratic recovery patterns (i.e., contingent succession, sensu ref. 32) suggest that recovery i ...
Invertebrate assemblages of pools in aridland streams have high
... 4. Taxonomic richness and composition did not differ between drying treatments, providing strong support for the drought resistance hypothesis. Severe drying was associated with lower invertebrate abundances and higher densities than the moderate and control treatments. This finding suggests that de ...
... 4. Taxonomic richness and composition did not differ between drying treatments, providing strong support for the drought resistance hypothesis. Severe drying was associated with lower invertebrate abundances and higher densities than the moderate and control treatments. This finding suggests that de ...
The Rise of the Mesopredator
... when habitat is lost. Second, large predators are likely to encounter high levels of conflict with humans where fragmentation occurs, leading to higher levels of persecution. Last, fragmentation can add to the resources available to mesopredators, such as pet food, trash, crops, and crop pests, whic ...
... when habitat is lost. Second, large predators are likely to encounter high levels of conflict with humans where fragmentation occurs, leading to higher levels of persecution. Last, fragmentation can add to the resources available to mesopredators, such as pet food, trash, crops, and crop pests, whic ...
Ecological Opportunity and Adaptive Radiation
... The notion of ecological opportunity as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation stems from the pioneering work of George G. Simpson (1953), in which he defined ecological opportunity as an environment experienced by an ancestral species that was previously “occupied by organisms for some reason compet ...
... The notion of ecological opportunity as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation stems from the pioneering work of George G. Simpson (1953), in which he defined ecological opportunity as an environment experienced by an ancestral species that was previously “occupied by organisms for some reason compet ...
BOGS
... adaptive to low levels of nutrients. Holding on to their leaves may be a mechanism by which nutrients are retained longer than if the leaves were dropped. Physiological stress. Many bog plants exhibit characteristics of desert plants even though water is everywhere. During the winter, the upper laye ...
... adaptive to low levels of nutrients. Holding on to their leaves may be a mechanism by which nutrients are retained longer than if the leaves were dropped. Physiological stress. Many bog plants exhibit characteristics of desert plants even though water is everywhere. During the winter, the upper laye ...
Large wildlife removal drives immune defence increases
... This work was conducted in the Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment (KLEE; 0°170 N, 36°520 E) in Laikipia County, Kenya. The KLEE experiment, established in 1995, uses electric fences to remove various groups of animals from large (4 ha) plots in an African savanna landscape (Young et al. 1997). KLE ...
... This work was conducted in the Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment (KLEE; 0°170 N, 36°520 E) in Laikipia County, Kenya. The KLEE experiment, established in 1995, uses electric fences to remove various groups of animals from large (4 ha) plots in an African savanna landscape (Young et al. 1997). KLE ...
indirect interactions mediated by changing plant chemistry: beaver
... their predators than those fed nonresprout growth. There also may have been a nutritional benefit, because the conversion of the plant’s defense, salicin and other phenolic glycosides, to salicylaldehyde releases glucose. Also, resprout growth contained more total nitrogen than did nonresprout growt ...
... their predators than those fed nonresprout growth. There also may have been a nutritional benefit, because the conversion of the plant’s defense, salicin and other phenolic glycosides, to salicylaldehyde releases glucose. Also, resprout growth contained more total nitrogen than did nonresprout growt ...
Dewatering Discharge in the Goldfields: Ecology, Monitoring
... During active dewatering, monitoring should occur at regular intervals and is typically conducted on an annual or biannual basis. As conditions will mostly be dry, ecological assessment should include appropriate abiotic and biotic parameters. In addition to water and sediment analysis, algae (speci ...
... During active dewatering, monitoring should occur at regular intervals and is typically conducted on an annual or biannual basis. As conditions will mostly be dry, ecological assessment should include appropriate abiotic and biotic parameters. In addition to water and sediment analysis, algae (speci ...
Patterns of selection of two North American native and nonnative
... been present since at least 1991. The creek was continuously wet and had a partial canopy of shrubs and ferns. The population numbered in the thousands of plants over an area of several hundreds of meters. We measured floral traits on 200 plants, and obtained a fitness measure: an estimate of total ...
... been present since at least 1991. The creek was continuously wet and had a partial canopy of shrubs and ferns. The population numbered in the thousands of plants over an area of several hundreds of meters. We measured floral traits on 200 plants, and obtained a fitness measure: an estimate of total ...
Bromeliad Dwellers
... zoologists among bromeliad tank researchers. However, it must also be due in part to the low light conditions where bromeliads often grow. Laessle (1961) and Frank (1983) noted that algae arc uncommon in shaded bromeliads because light levels are insufficient for photosynthesis to occur, and this mu ...
... zoologists among bromeliad tank researchers. However, it must also be due in part to the low light conditions where bromeliads often grow. Laessle (1961) and Frank (1983) noted that algae arc uncommon in shaded bromeliads because light levels are insufficient for photosynthesis to occur, and this mu ...
Experimentally assessing the relative
... have greater food abundance, earlier maturation, reduced sexual dimorphism and lower adult survivorship than island anoles5,6. All of these differences are predicted by classic island biogeography theory for populations that are differentially affected by predation and competition20. Recent studies ...
... have greater food abundance, earlier maturation, reduced sexual dimorphism and lower adult survivorship than island anoles5,6. All of these differences are predicted by classic island biogeography theory for populations that are differentially affected by predation and competition20. Recent studies ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.