The assembly of tropical tree communities the advances and
... Taxonomic scaling and phylogenetic dispersion has received considerably less attention in the tropics or the temperate zone for that matter. The only tropical example that I am aware of is Swenson et al. (2006) where phylogenetic dispersion was quantified in the Puerto Rican tree assemblages. The ana ...
... Taxonomic scaling and phylogenetic dispersion has received considerably less attention in the tropics or the temperate zone for that matter. The only tropical example that I am aware of is Swenson et al. (2006) where phylogenetic dispersion was quantified in the Puerto Rican tree assemblages. The ana ...
Habitat isolation and ecological barriers
... in the physical environment, and biogeographic changes (Saunders et al. 1991). C onsidering effects o f fragmentation on different levels o f ecological integrity changes on ecosystem level and changes on population level can be distinguished as well (Kozakiewicz and Szacki 1987). Effects on ecosyst ...
... in the physical environment, and biogeographic changes (Saunders et al. 1991). C onsidering effects o f fragmentation on different levels o f ecological integrity changes on ecosystem level and changes on population level can be distinguished as well (Kozakiewicz and Szacki 1987). Effects on ecosyst ...
Shifting species interactions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems
... Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major d ...
... Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major d ...
Biblio RTF Export - Global Invasive Alien Species Information
... mortality of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) in tropical Australia?, Biological ConservationBiological Conservation, vol. 141, pp. 1773-1782, 2008. J. J. Kolbe, M. Kearney, and R. Shine, ?Modeling the consequences of thermal trait variation for the cane toad invasion of Australia?, Ecol ...
... mortality of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) in tropical Australia?, Biological ConservationBiological Conservation, vol. 141, pp. 1773-1782, 2008. J. J. Kolbe, M. Kearney, and R. Shine, ?Modeling the consequences of thermal trait variation for the cane toad invasion of Australia?, Ecol ...
Parasitoid Wasps, Natural Enemies of Insects
... wasps depend on a series of adaptations to the ecology and physiology of their host plants for survival. This has been possible due the stable conditions of climate in specific natural ecosystems like the tropics. So changes in environmental conditions, makes them more susceptible than other organis ...
... wasps depend on a series of adaptations to the ecology and physiology of their host plants for survival. This has been possible due the stable conditions of climate in specific natural ecosystems like the tropics. So changes in environmental conditions, makes them more susceptible than other organis ...
Philip E. Higuera - College of Forestry and Conservation
... using small hollow sediments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 566-575. 6. Power, M.J., and 84 others including P.E. Higuera. 2008. Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data. Climate Dynamics 30: 887-907. 5. ...
... using small hollow sediments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 566-575. 6. Power, M.J., and 84 others including P.E. Higuera. 2008. Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data. Climate Dynamics 30: 887-907. 5. ...
Detection of alternative stable states in marine communities
... ecology, it is easy to find earlier references to multiple stable points. For example, Lotka (1956) noted the possibility of multiple stable points and referred the reader to literature going back to 1891. It would seem a good test of the theory would simply require showing that a given habitat woul ...
... ecology, it is easy to find earlier references to multiple stable points. For example, Lotka (1956) noted the possibility of multiple stable points and referred the reader to literature going back to 1891. It would seem a good test of the theory would simply require showing that a given habitat woul ...
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Interactions across Aquatic
... provide a direct connection between intertidal communities and adjacent coastal oceans. These inputs generally originate from physical oceanographic processes such as coastal upwelling and tidal mixing. For some systems, anthropogenic nutrient inputs via river runoff, groundwater discharge, and atmo ...
... provide a direct connection between intertidal communities and adjacent coastal oceans. These inputs generally originate from physical oceanographic processes such as coastal upwelling and tidal mixing. For some systems, anthropogenic nutrient inputs via river runoff, groundwater discharge, and atmo ...
Beyond Conservation Planning: Air Pollution Effects on Organisms
... 3.5 Interactions between atmospheric deposition and other environmental changes .. 32 ...
... 3.5 Interactions between atmospheric deposition and other environmental changes .. 32 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... quantified for tropical forests. We measured dark respiration, R, and nutrient concentration (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) of leaves within two forest canopies: in Reserva Jarú, south-west Brazil; and Mbalmayo Reserve, central Cameroon. The data, expressed on a leaf area basis (Ra, Na, Pa ) and a ...
... quantified for tropical forests. We measured dark respiration, R, and nutrient concentration (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) of leaves within two forest canopies: in Reserva Jarú, south-west Brazil; and Mbalmayo Reserve, central Cameroon. The data, expressed on a leaf area basis (Ra, Na, Pa ) and a ...
The phenology of growth and reproduction in plants
... The study of phenological aspects of plants involves the observation, recording and interpretation of the timing of their life history events. This review considers the phenology of leafing, flowering and fruit production in a range of species and communities. The selective forces (both abiotic and ...
... The study of phenological aspects of plants involves the observation, recording and interpretation of the timing of their life history events. This review considers the phenology of leafing, flowering and fruit production in a range of species and communities. The selective forces (both abiotic and ...
Phenotypic plasticity and interactions among plants
... contrast to our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of phenotypic plasticity, which is well established and rapidly advancing, we know little about the consequences of plasticity for ecological interactions in plant communities. For example, phenotypic plasticity may alter the sign and magnitu ...
... contrast to our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of phenotypic plasticity, which is well established and rapidly advancing, we know little about the consequences of plasticity for ecological interactions in plant communities. For example, phenotypic plasticity may alter the sign and magnitu ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... century, a description of a food chain (Egerton 2002). About a thousand years later, Camerano (1880) introduced the idea that the diversity of animal forms, and therefore the biological diversity itself, can only be explained when framed in the context of inter-relationships between species. “Networ ...
... century, a description of a food chain (Egerton 2002). About a thousand years later, Camerano (1880) introduced the idea that the diversity of animal forms, and therefore the biological diversity itself, can only be explained when framed in the context of inter-relationships between species. “Networ ...
Ecological consequences of manipulative parasites
... can also manipulate host behavior, but for different purposes and with different implications. Several studies of manipulative parasites conclude with phrases such as “may ultimately influence community structure” (Kiesecker and Blaustein 1999), yet few demonstrate ecological effects. Here, we consi ...
... can also manipulate host behavior, but for different purposes and with different implications. Several studies of manipulative parasites conclude with phrases such as “may ultimately influence community structure” (Kiesecker and Blaustein 1999), yet few demonstrate ecological effects. Here, we consi ...
The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in
... importance of considering both the spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity for biodiversity and conservation management in semi-natural grassland plant communities. The long generation times in many typical grassland plants mean that the temporal aspect of connectivity is often es ...
... importance of considering both the spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity for biodiversity and conservation management in semi-natural grassland plant communities. The long generation times in many typical grassland plants mean that the temporal aspect of connectivity is often es ...
Primary Succession and Ecosystem Rehabilitation
... the loss of many large mammal species from North America during the Late Pleistocene was associated not only with human hunting pressures, but also with climate warming and a resultant loss of grassland habitat that was replaced by forests. With a rapidly growing human population that is increasingl ...
... the loss of many large mammal species from North America during the Late Pleistocene was associated not only with human hunting pressures, but also with climate warming and a resultant loss of grassland habitat that was replaced by forests. With a rapidly growing human population that is increasingl ...
Schluter TREE 2001
... ‘Ecological speciation’ is a concept that unites speciation processes in which reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent (including DISRUPTIVE) selection on traits between environments. ‘Environment’ refers to biotic and abiotic elements of habitat (e.g. climate, resour ...
... ‘Ecological speciation’ is a concept that unites speciation processes in which reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent (including DISRUPTIVE) selection on traits between environments. ‘Environment’ refers to biotic and abiotic elements of habitat (e.g. climate, resour ...
A New Mechanism for Recurrent Adaptive Radiations
... When the quantitative character x is allowed to adapt through rare and small steps x r x from an initial value x ( 0, the population first converges on the carrying capacity’s maximum at x p 0. For ja 1 jK, this outcome is evolutionarily stable. By contrast, when competition is sufficiently focuse ...
... When the quantitative character x is allowed to adapt through rare and small steps x r x from an initial value x ( 0, the population first converges on the carrying capacity’s maximum at x p 0. For ja 1 jK, this outcome is evolutionarily stable. By contrast, when competition is sufficiently focuse ...
Density Dependence, Evolutionary Optimization, and
... This performance ultimately can be summarized in terms of components of evolutionary fitness by the survival and fecundity of individuals over their life spans, that is, by the life table (Caswell 1989, Charlesworth ...
... This performance ultimately can be summarized in terms of components of evolutionary fitness by the survival and fecundity of individuals over their life spans, that is, by the life table (Caswell 1989, Charlesworth ...
Ecological effects of invasive alien insects
... the analyses the effect of alien species on other alien species, unless this effect had an indirect consequence on native biodiversity. Papers were classified following the biological organisation level at which the investigated effects occur (genetic, population/community, and ecosystem) and based ...
... the analyses the effect of alien species on other alien species, unless this effect had an indirect consequence on native biodiversity. Papers were classified following the biological organisation level at which the investigated effects occur (genetic, population/community, and ecosystem) and based ...
INVASIVE BARNACLE FouLINg oN AN ENDEMIC BuRRowINg CRAB
... granulata, fouled crabs were collected by hand at random, during the summer season (January) of 2010 and 2011. Since the performance of an exhaustive sampling of the entire marsh was logistically impossible due to its dimensions, we focused on sampling only fouled crabs in order to make a sound firs ...
... granulata, fouled crabs were collected by hand at random, during the summer season (January) of 2010 and 2011. Since the performance of an exhaustive sampling of the entire marsh was logistically impossible due to its dimensions, we focused on sampling only fouled crabs in order to make a sound firs ...
La biodiversité, c`est la vie - doc-developpement
... What is biodiversity? Biodiversity is the diversity of living things and your wildlife ecosystems, flora, natural habitats, but also the man. Other words: Biomimicry or the art of living copy. Biomimicry is the transfer and application of materials, forms, processes and remarkable properties observe ...
... What is biodiversity? Biodiversity is the diversity of living things and your wildlife ecosystems, flora, natural habitats, but also the man. Other words: Biomimicry or the art of living copy. Biomimicry is the transfer and application of materials, forms, processes and remarkable properties observe ...
Predators, parasitoids and pathogens: species richness, trophic
... Herbivore feeding style is one of many factors that aect trophic interactions in insect communities. Body size is also important. For example, large predators eat prey with a wider range of body sizes than do smaller predators (Cohen et al. 1993a). Body size is one of the most obvious features of a ...
... Herbivore feeding style is one of many factors that aect trophic interactions in insect communities. Body size is also important. For example, large predators eat prey with a wider range of body sizes than do smaller predators (Cohen et al. 1993a). Body size is one of the most obvious features of a ...
- Wiley Online Library
... rules at higher levels in the cascade. Further, a deeper understanding of growth trade-offs will benefit from investigations of the underlying neuroendocrine processes. Significant advances in this direction are currently being made in some model systems (references in Zera & Harshman 2001). Finally ...
... rules at higher levels in the cascade. Further, a deeper understanding of growth trade-offs will benefit from investigations of the underlying neuroendocrine processes. Significant advances in this direction are currently being made in some model systems (references in Zera & Harshman 2001). Finally ...
File - DavidRudeClassInfo
... Not a fixed, pre-determined community for each part of the world. • Main difference between climax community and successional community is its time scale. • Climate is only one of many factors that determine climax community ...
... Not a fixed, pre-determined community for each part of the world. • Main difference between climax community and successional community is its time scale. • Climate is only one of many factors that determine climax community ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.