- Wiley Online Library
... American forests that may contribute to a more complete understanding of plant responses to global changes in both correlative and modelling approaches. We suggest further meta-analyses in expanded environmental and geographic zones to determine the generality of this pattern. Key-words: French Guia ...
... American forests that may contribute to a more complete understanding of plant responses to global changes in both correlative and modelling approaches. We suggest further meta-analyses in expanded environmental and geographic zones to determine the generality of this pattern. Key-words: French Guia ...
Ecological roles and conservation challenges of social, burrowing
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
Chapter 20 Succession and Stability In 1794, Captain George
... new substrate. Primary succession occurs on newly exposed geological substrates not significantly modified by organisms. Secondary succession occurs in areas where disturbance destroys a community without destroying the soil. Succession generally ends with a climax community whose populations remain ...
... new substrate. Primary succession occurs on newly exposed geological substrates not significantly modified by organisms. Secondary succession occurs in areas where disturbance destroys a community without destroying the soil. Succession generally ends with a climax community whose populations remain ...
Extending the stressgradient hypothesis is competition among
... abiotic factors and/or the availability of resources can determine the strength and direction of interactions among species within a trophic level (Dunson and Travis 1990, Chesson and Huntly 1997, Pringle et al. 2007). However, most research has focused on the importance of competition alone, withou ...
... abiotic factors and/or the availability of resources can determine the strength and direction of interactions among species within a trophic level (Dunson and Travis 1990, Chesson and Huntly 1997, Pringle et al. 2007). However, most research has focused on the importance of competition alone, withou ...
Stachowicz Annual Reviews - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
... phenomena: (a) complementary properties of species including niche partitioning and facilitation (complementarity), and (b) strong effects of a dominant species on the function of interest (sampling effect). These mechanisms are most clearly distinguished in experiments that include diverse mixtures ...
... phenomena: (a) complementary properties of species including niche partitioning and facilitation (complementarity), and (b) strong effects of a dominant species on the function of interest (sampling effect). These mechanisms are most clearly distinguished in experiments that include diverse mixtures ...
Australia ) in Varanus gouldii mosaic burning and varanid lizards
... gatherers employ patch mosaic burning over large spatial extents, landscape heterogeneity is enhanced, which may stabilize species interactions [9–11] and provide rescaling and habitat protection effects for species that require a variety of habitats for both food and shelter [12 –14]. When hunter–g ...
... gatherers employ patch mosaic burning over large spatial extents, landscape heterogeneity is enhanced, which may stabilize species interactions [9–11] and provide rescaling and habitat protection effects for species that require a variety of habitats for both food and shelter [12 –14]. When hunter–g ...
The consequences of scale: assessing the distribution of benthic
... Kalke, 1985; Rakocinski et al., 1997). Because softsediment populations are patchy, it is difficult to separate within-site variability from among-site or among-time variability (Morrisey et al., 1992). Second, studies have seldom been able to separate the physical variables or gradients that are so c ...
... Kalke, 1985; Rakocinski et al., 1997). Because softsediment populations are patchy, it is difficult to separate within-site variability from among-site or among-time variability (Morrisey et al., 1992). Second, studies have seldom been able to separate the physical variables or gradients that are so c ...
New Zealand`s Naturally Uncommon Ecosystems
... Abstract: We provide an overview of naturally uncommon ecosystems in New Zealand. Terrestrial ecosystems that were rare before humans colonised New Zealand often have highly specialised and diverse assemblages of flora and fauna, characterised by endemic and rare species. A national-scale typology p ...
... Abstract: We provide an overview of naturally uncommon ecosystems in New Zealand. Terrestrial ecosystems that were rare before humans colonised New Zealand often have highly specialised and diverse assemblages of flora and fauna, characterised by endemic and rare species. A national-scale typology p ...
File
... Organisms acquire (develop) adaptations to meet their needs in an environment. Specifically, an organism can change its physical traits by using its body in certain ways. The characteristics that an organism acquires during its life are then passed on to offspring. ...
... Organisms acquire (develop) adaptations to meet their needs in an environment. Specifically, an organism can change its physical traits by using its body in certain ways. The characteristics that an organism acquires during its life are then passed on to offspring. ...
Chapter 12 Natural Environment The State of Our Biodiversity
... Although 90% of the Waitakere Ranges has returned to native bush, vegetation patterns have been altered, with the majority of vegetation now forming bands of successional and regenerating forest and scrub. A few areas have remained in their original state (e.g. the Cascades Kauri Park) and from thes ...
... Although 90% of the Waitakere Ranges has returned to native bush, vegetation patterns have been altered, with the majority of vegetation now forming bands of successional and regenerating forest and scrub. A few areas have remained in their original state (e.g. the Cascades Kauri Park) and from thes ...
File
... 17) Which of the following disciplines has found evidence for evolution based on the native distributions (locations) of living species? A) molecular biology B) comparative anatomy C) biogeography D) paleontology Answer: C Topic: 13.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) Humans share several features ...
... 17) Which of the following disciplines has found evidence for evolution based on the native distributions (locations) of living species? A) molecular biology B) comparative anatomy C) biogeography D) paleontology Answer: C Topic: 13.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) Humans share several features ...
Hypotheses on the role of the protistan rare biosphere in a changing
... microbial assemblages is depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 2. A hypothetical microbial assemblage displaying a typical rank abundance curve (Panel 1) and exposed to changes in environmental conditions leads to a shift in the selective forces acting on the microbial taxa, resulting in positive net po ...
... microbial assemblages is depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 2. A hypothetical microbial assemblage displaying a typical rank abundance curve (Panel 1) and exposed to changes in environmental conditions leads to a shift in the selective forces acting on the microbial taxa, resulting in positive net po ...
A metaanalysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions
... Although our meta-analysis can test the effect of biotic resistance on invader establishment and performance, the available literature prevents us from testing whether exotic species invasions fail because of biotic resistance. This would require experiments where investigators added propagules of i ...
... Although our meta-analysis can test the effect of biotic resistance on invader establishment and performance, the available literature prevents us from testing whether exotic species invasions fail because of biotic resistance. This would require experiments where investigators added propagules of i ...
A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions
... Although our meta-analysis can test the effect of biotic resistance on invader establishment and performance, the available literature prevents us from testing whether exotic species invasions fail because of biotic resistance. This would require experiments where investigators added propagules of i ...
... Although our meta-analysis can test the effect of biotic resistance on invader establishment and performance, the available literature prevents us from testing whether exotic species invasions fail because of biotic resistance. This would require experiments where investigators added propagules of i ...
Ecology ppt ALL - Hatboro
... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q symbiosis review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lC3AkGSigrA whale ride http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kjWBgA81LM lion pals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzJue2AkO_Q Lions and Tigers and Bears! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Bn7wdCP2v4 food webs grassland ...
... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q symbiosis review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lC3AkGSigrA whale ride http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kjWBgA81LM lion pals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzJue2AkO_Q Lions and Tigers and Bears! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Bn7wdCP2v4 food webs grassland ...
Herbivore physiological response to predation risk and implications
... In all of these cases, predation risk is assumed to impose constraints on prey by directly forcing them to make alternative resource choices—a nutrient cost of predation risk (35). This theory implies that risky conditions force prey into a situation leading to less favorable nutrient intake, and he ...
... In all of these cases, predation risk is assumed to impose constraints on prey by directly forcing them to make alternative resource choices—a nutrient cost of predation risk (35). This theory implies that risky conditions force prey into a situation leading to less favorable nutrient intake, and he ...
Is Taxonomic Diversity Enough? The Role of Phylogenetic
... relationships between diversity indices and pre-treatment plot biomass were inverse relationships. This result was unexpected, as species diversity has been established as a positive influence on the productivity on most habitat types (Tucker and Cadotte 2013). Plot heterogeneity likely contributed ...
... relationships between diversity indices and pre-treatment plot biomass were inverse relationships. This result was unexpected, as species diversity has been established as a positive influence on the productivity on most habitat types (Tucker and Cadotte 2013). Plot heterogeneity likely contributed ...
Integrated Pest Management IPM
... susceptible variety and growth stage. 4. All of the above must occur at the same time. ...
... susceptible variety and growth stage. 4. All of the above must occur at the same time. ...
Taking species abundance distributions beyond
... (Kleiber 1947; Peters 1983). Second, the most numerous species do not always contain the most biomass or use the most resources, as they sometimes contain many small individuals (Brown & Maurer 1986; Maurer & Brown 1988). Third, individuals of the same size can have a very different resource use, as ...
... (Kleiber 1947; Peters 1983). Second, the most numerous species do not always contain the most biomass or use the most resources, as they sometimes contain many small individuals (Brown & Maurer 1986; Maurer & Brown 1988). Third, individuals of the same size can have a very different resource use, as ...
Exploring the Status of Population Genetics: The Role of Ecology
... different directions and overlapped with many different disciplines, so that the boundaries between population genetics theory and ecological theory are no longer clear-cut (which is not to say that the fields are fully integrated). Roughly, though, population genetics might be taken to be: (1) mode ...
... different directions and overlapped with many different disciplines, so that the boundaries between population genetics theory and ecological theory are no longer clear-cut (which is not to say that the fields are fully integrated). Roughly, though, population genetics might be taken to be: (1) mode ...
Fishing Down Aquatic Food Webs
... said to occupy trophic levels ranging from three to five. More precisely, the trophic level of such predators can take on non-integral values, because the diet of these animals is commonly somewhat mixed. For example, an adult jack swimming around the Caribbean might eat equal amounts of herbivorous ...
... said to occupy trophic levels ranging from three to five. More precisely, the trophic level of such predators can take on non-integral values, because the diet of these animals is commonly somewhat mixed. For example, an adult jack swimming around the Caribbean might eat equal amounts of herbivorous ...
The High Seas and Us
... Increasingly, industrial uses of the ocean and overuse of living resources threaten the ecological health of the ocean ecosystems and the benefits they produce. There is irrefutable evidence that both the physical and biological parts of the ocean play key roles in atmospheric and thermal regulation ...
... Increasingly, industrial uses of the ocean and overuse of living resources threaten the ecological health of the ocean ecosystems and the benefits they produce. There is irrefutable evidence that both the physical and biological parts of the ocean play key roles in atmospheric and thermal regulation ...
Living in a landscape of fear: the impact of predation, resource
... guilds on prey responses. We exploited the acoustically distinct alarm calls of samango monkeys, Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus, to create a predator-specific landscape of fear from eagles to assess its impact on space use within mixed regressiveespatial regressive models incorporating data on reso ...
... guilds on prey responses. We exploited the acoustically distinct alarm calls of samango monkeys, Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus, to create a predator-specific landscape of fear from eagles to assess its impact on space use within mixed regressiveespatial regressive models incorporating data on reso ...
Diversity meets decomposition
... ecosystem process rates that cannot be attributed to any single species. The term was originally conceived to capture positive diversity effects, especially resource partitioning and facilitation. Decomposition: all biological processes contributing to organic matter mass loss and transformation, an ...
... ecosystem process rates that cannot be attributed to any single species. The term was originally conceived to capture positive diversity effects, especially resource partitioning and facilitation. Decomposition: all biological processes contributing to organic matter mass loss and transformation, an ...
research highlights - Edith Cowan University
... kelp) sources of nutrients in seagrass meadows. Nutrients can flow from most productive ecosystems, known as ‘donor ecosystems’, to less productive ones, the recipients. Once the allochthonous material is deposited within a recipient habitat, it may have substantial implications on the productivity ...
... kelp) sources of nutrients in seagrass meadows. Nutrients can flow from most productive ecosystems, known as ‘donor ecosystems’, to less productive ones, the recipients. Once the allochthonous material is deposited within a recipient habitat, it may have substantial implications on the productivity ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.