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... geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity, and ask how well predictions from the mainland model match observed turnover involving islands. If the mainland model accurately predicts island turnover, then islands may not be as unique in their assembly processes as is often assumed. If island ...
... geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity, and ask how well predictions from the mainland model match observed turnover involving islands. If the mainland model accurately predicts island turnover, then islands may not be as unique in their assembly processes as is often assumed. If island ...
Taking fungi into account in biodiversity conservation
... 2013) shows that fungi tend to be less well dispersed and ubiquitous than believed in the past. ...
... 2013) shows that fungi tend to be less well dispersed and ubiquitous than believed in the past. ...
File - Links Biology Website
... Describe the factors that affect population density. Identify when a population is growing or decreasing Look at a graph determine if it is exponential or logistic Describe the differences between exponential growth and logistic growth What is ecology? How much energy is lost from trophic level to t ...
... Describe the factors that affect population density. Identify when a population is growing or decreasing Look at a graph determine if it is exponential or logistic Describe the differences between exponential growth and logistic growth What is ecology? How much energy is lost from trophic level to t ...
Q. 1. Give two examples to biomes. Ans. (1) Desert (2) Rain forest Q
... Q. 4. How does the temperature affect the organisms? Ans. Temperature affects the enzymes kinetics and through this it affects the basal metabolism of the individual. Q.5. If a marine fish is placed in a fresh water aquarium, will the fish be able to survive? Why or why not? Ans. It will not able to ...
... Q. 4. How does the temperature affect the organisms? Ans. Temperature affects the enzymes kinetics and through this it affects the basal metabolism of the individual. Q.5. If a marine fish is placed in a fresh water aquarium, will the fish be able to survive? Why or why not? Ans. It will not able to ...
The Net Libram of Athasian Ecology
... most are Beetles). (Why are most small? - specializing in small niches, using up and needing less energy if one is small, etc. etc.) Because life is so diverse, the different species must live together, sharing resources. (One species can not avoid the others; this sets up relationships, food is fin ...
... most are Beetles). (Why are most small? - specializing in small niches, using up and needing less energy if one is small, etc. etc.) Because life is so diverse, the different species must live together, sharing resources. (One species can not avoid the others; this sets up relationships, food is fin ...
Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic
... Finally, we discuss the design of appropriate experiments, using principles that may also be applied to investigate species interactions on other continents. Research might seek to clarify not only the impacts of dingoes at all trophic levels, but also the mechanisms by which these impacts occur. Ke ...
... Finally, we discuss the design of appropriate experiments, using principles that may also be applied to investigate species interactions on other continents. Research might seek to clarify not only the impacts of dingoes at all trophic levels, but also the mechanisms by which these impacts occur. Ke ...
Defining drivers of the trophic niche width in reef fish communities
... II. The Layman metrics modified by Cucherousset & Villéger (submitted) ......... ^O! ...
... II. The Layman metrics modified by Cucherousset & Villéger (submitted) ......... ^O! ...
The Role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function
... The physical environment of streams places many constraints on organisms as well as on the type and form of food that is available. Most stream reaches are characterized by many diverse microhabitats(51), which result from physical factors, such as relief, lithology, runoff, and large woody debris, ...
... The physical environment of streams places many constraints on organisms as well as on the type and form of food that is available. Most stream reaches are characterized by many diverse microhabitats(51), which result from physical factors, such as relief, lithology, runoff, and large woody debris, ...
Use of precise spatial data for describing spatial patterns and plant
... hypotheses on the spatial pattern itself can be statistically tested and can help to approach an understanding of the underlying processes. For example, Fajardo and McIntire (2007) analyzed spatial patterns of forest growth to evaluate multiple competing hypotheses regarding the importance of compet ...
... hypotheses on the spatial pattern itself can be statistically tested and can help to approach an understanding of the underlying processes. For example, Fajardo and McIntire (2007) analyzed spatial patterns of forest growth to evaluate multiple competing hypotheses regarding the importance of compet ...
The Role of Waterlogging in Maintaining Forb
... piration, plant growth, and survivorship (Saglio et al. Egler 1950, Warren and Niering 1993, Theodose and 1983). Mendelssohn et al. (1981) demonstrated that the Roths 1999), much of their ecology remains unstudied. availability of most belowground nutrients is inversely Most of our understanding of ...
... piration, plant growth, and survivorship (Saglio et al. Egler 1950, Warren and Niering 1993, Theodose and 1983). Mendelssohn et al. (1981) demonstrated that the Roths 1999), much of their ecology remains unstudied. availability of most belowground nutrients is inversely Most of our understanding of ...
Chapter 10 - Semantic Scholar
... Although it is intuitive that tradeoffs must exist (allocation of limiting resources, fitness cannot be infinite), it has been surprisingly difficult to obtain strong evidence for tradeoffs within species, where they are actually operating (van Noordwijk and de Jong 1986; Fry 2003). We have compelli ...
... Although it is intuitive that tradeoffs must exist (allocation of limiting resources, fitness cannot be infinite), it has been surprisingly difficult to obtain strong evidence for tradeoffs within species, where they are actually operating (van Noordwijk and de Jong 1986; Fry 2003). We have compelli ...
How community ecology links natural mortality, growth, and
... use of empirical relations between M and K, a theoretical explanation of how mortality can be related directly to an intrinsically physiological parameter such as K is called for. Although mortality of adults M is assumed to be constant in the classical relations, mortality varies with individual bo ...
... use of empirical relations between M and K, a theoretical explanation of how mortality can be related directly to an intrinsically physiological parameter such as K is called for. Although mortality of adults M is assumed to be constant in the classical relations, mortality varies with individual bo ...
Phylogenetic signal in predator–prey body
... affiliations of both predators and prey affect the relationship, with significant differences in slope between chordate predators of chordates and chordate predators of arthropods, and also between chordate and arthropod predators of arthropods. From a functional morphological standpoint, it is not su ...
... affiliations of both predators and prey affect the relationship, with significant differences in slope between chordate predators of chordates and chordate predators of arthropods, and also between chordate and arthropod predators of arthropods. From a functional morphological standpoint, it is not su ...
PDF, 2241 KB - URPP GCB
... Relevance of interdisciplinary dialogue in biodiversity research - a statistician's point of view. 22 Patterns in plant functional traits across the tundra biome over space and time. ........................ 23 Crisis conservation: saving nature in times and spaces of exception...................... ...
... Relevance of interdisciplinary dialogue in biodiversity research - a statistician's point of view. 22 Patterns in plant functional traits across the tundra biome over space and time. ........................ 23 Crisis conservation: saving nature in times and spaces of exception...................... ...
Using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon to study - ICM-CSIC
... 1995). Studies that have determined the diet-tissue fractionation factor of nitrogen and carbon isotopes for marine consumers show that most tissues are enriched over the diet by about 3-5‰ and 1-3‰ respectively, although important variations may exist among tissues (DeNiro and Epstein, 1981; Mizuta ...
... 1995). Studies that have determined the diet-tissue fractionation factor of nitrogen and carbon isotopes for marine consumers show that most tissues are enriched over the diet by about 3-5‰ and 1-3‰ respectively, although important variations may exist among tissues (DeNiro and Epstein, 1981; Mizuta ...
A brown-world cascade in the dung decomposer food web of an
... and detritus-based food webs, because the mechanisms (e.g., niche complementarity, facilitation, and sampling effects) underlying diversity effects can apply to consumers of either resource base. However, although these mechanisms have been demonstrated in studies of predator interactions, the ecosy ...
... and detritus-based food webs, because the mechanisms (e.g., niche complementarity, facilitation, and sampling effects) underlying diversity effects can apply to consumers of either resource base. However, although these mechanisms have been demonstrated in studies of predator interactions, the ecosy ...
Local adaptation to climate change in a calcareous grassland system
... soil depth gradient may also be part of the mechanism maintaining species stability in experimental treatments at BCCIL (Fridley et al., 2011). Genetic restructuring has been hypothesized as one potential mechanism in the apparent resistance of this grassland community to long-term climate manipulat ...
... soil depth gradient may also be part of the mechanism maintaining species stability in experimental treatments at BCCIL (Fridley et al., 2011). Genetic restructuring has been hypothesized as one potential mechanism in the apparent resistance of this grassland community to long-term climate manipulat ...
Top-down and bottom-up diversity cascades in detrital vs. living food
... The hypotheses tested in this study are similar to the bottom-up and top-down cascades examined in previous studies, but we examine diversity rather than biomass at each consumer trophic level and treat the model system as a mesocosm that contains two unique, interacting communities – the living and ...
... The hypotheses tested in this study are similar to the bottom-up and top-down cascades examined in previous studies, but we examine diversity rather than biomass at each consumer trophic level and treat the model system as a mesocosm that contains two unique, interacting communities – the living and ...
Feeding Ecology and Mating System in the Arctic Fox
... group living will be likely to differ in its relevance under the pressure of contrasting ecological conditions like food abundance or predation pressure (Norén et al., 2012). In the investigations, groups of arctic foxes in Svalbard, Iceland, Canada and Scandinavia have been studied. A social group ...
... group living will be likely to differ in its relevance under the pressure of contrasting ecological conditions like food abundance or predation pressure (Norén et al., 2012). In the investigations, groups of arctic foxes in Svalbard, Iceland, Canada and Scandinavia have been studied. A social group ...
On the methodology of feeding ecology in fish
... group exhibits high variability from richness [approximately 33200 species, (Froese & Pauly ...
... group exhibits high variability from richness [approximately 33200 species, (Froese & Pauly ...
Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas
... standards are needed to guide selection of areas where protection should be enhanced, while allowing sustainable activities to be pursued where appropriate. Ocean areas can be ecologically or biologically “significant” because of the functions that they serve in the ecosystem and/or because of struc ...
... standards are needed to guide selection of areas where protection should be enhanced, while allowing sustainable activities to be pursued where appropriate. Ocean areas can be ecologically or biologically “significant” because of the functions that they serve in the ecosystem and/or because of struc ...
- Wiley Online Library
... area outside the range can still be stressful even in years with above average precipitation (Siemens et al. 2012), suggesting that other stressors, such as competition, might also be present and important in a trade-off with defense allocation. For a system in which one would expect adaption along ...
... area outside the range can still be stressful even in years with above average precipitation (Siemens et al. 2012), suggesting that other stressors, such as competition, might also be present and important in a trade-off with defense allocation. For a system in which one would expect adaption along ...
using experimental evolution to investigate
... within the base population, for example by experimental hybridizations of divergent populations or closely related species (Conner 2003; Fry 2003). Here we have adopted the latter approach by creating advanced-generation hybrids between Mimulus cardinalis and M. lewisii, sister species of monkeyflow ...
... within the base population, for example by experimental hybridizations of divergent populations or closely related species (Conner 2003; Fry 2003). Here we have adopted the latter approach by creating advanced-generation hybrids between Mimulus cardinalis and M. lewisii, sister species of monkeyflow ...
Key Native Ecosystem Plan for Te Horo Forest Remnants
... region by managing, reducing, or removing threats to their ecological values. Sites with the highest biodiversity values have been identified and prioritised for management. Sites are identified as of high biodiversity value for the purposes of the KNE programme by applying the four ecological signi ...
... region by managing, reducing, or removing threats to their ecological values. Sites with the highest biodiversity values have been identified and prioritised for management. Sites are identified as of high biodiversity value for the purposes of the KNE programme by applying the four ecological signi ...
Habitat isolation and ecological barriers
... in the physical environment, and biogeographic changes (Saunders et al. 1991). C onsidering effects o f fragmentation on different levels o f ecological integrity changes on ecosystem level and changes on population level can be distinguished as well (Kozakiewicz and Szacki 1987). Effects on ecosyst ...
... in the physical environment, and biogeographic changes (Saunders et al. 1991). C onsidering effects o f fragmentation on different levels o f ecological integrity changes on ecosystem level and changes on population level can be distinguished as well (Kozakiewicz and Szacki 1987). Effects on ecosyst ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.