Can restoring wolves aid in lynx recovery?
... In northern latitudes (e.g., Yukon) where wolves are present and where hares are the main prey for coyotes, populations of coyotes generally occur at relatively low densities, as well as cycle up and down in concert with hares and lynx (O’Donoghue et al. 1998, Sheriff et al. 2009). This is in contra ...
... In northern latitudes (e.g., Yukon) where wolves are present and where hares are the main prey for coyotes, populations of coyotes generally occur at relatively low densities, as well as cycle up and down in concert with hares and lynx (O’Donoghue et al. 1998, Sheriff et al. 2009). This is in contra ...
Biology Fall Semester An open source text edited by MPS teachers
... be the subject of infringing activity. You must include sufficient information, such as a specific page number or other specific identification, for us to locate the material. 3. Information for us to be able to contact the claimant (e.g., email address, phone number). 4. A statement that the claima ...
... be the subject of infringing activity. You must include sufficient information, such as a specific page number or other specific identification, for us to locate the material. 3. Information for us to be able to contact the claimant (e.g., email address, phone number). 4. A statement that the claima ...
grazer diversity, functional redundancy, and productivity in seagrass
... interest in relationships among species richness, species composition, and the functional properties of ecosystems. Mechanistically, the degree of functional differentiation or complementarity among individual species determines the form of such relationships and is thus important to distinguishing ...
... interest in relationships among species richness, species composition, and the functional properties of ecosystems. Mechanistically, the degree of functional differentiation or complementarity among individual species determines the form of such relationships and is thus important to distinguishing ...
Chapter 8 Restoration Strategies - Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery
... Garry Oak ecosystems were maintained by the activities of First Nations prior to the arrival of Europeans (Chapter 2: Distribution and Description and Chapter 3: Natural Processes and Disturbance). Complex social and cultural practices were responsible for creation of the ecosystems that greeted the ...
... Garry Oak ecosystems were maintained by the activities of First Nations prior to the arrival of Europeans (Chapter 2: Distribution and Description and Chapter 3: Natural Processes and Disturbance). Complex social and cultural practices were responsible for creation of the ecosystems that greeted the ...
Changing Seascapes, Stochastic Connectivity, and Marine
... accurate determinations of connectivity are critical to our ability to govern and maintain ecological systems (Possingham et al. 2000; Lubchenco et al. 2003). However, regardless of its importance, connectivity remains poorly understood for many systems. This is especially true for one particular pr ...
... accurate determinations of connectivity are critical to our ability to govern and maintain ecological systems (Possingham et al. 2000; Lubchenco et al. 2003). However, regardless of its importance, connectivity remains poorly understood for many systems. This is especially true for one particular pr ...
Pollinatormediated selection and experimental manipulation of the
... (c) column, and (l) lamellar structures on the labellum. ...
... (c) column, and (l) lamellar structures on the labellum. ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... community feedback theory predicts positive plant-soil feedbacks to alter competitive dynamics and lead to dominance. Finally, specific mutualistic clades of the soil community, such as mycorrhizal fungi, may increase resource acquisition or herbivore tolerance, thus promoting positive feedback. To ...
... community feedback theory predicts positive plant-soil feedbacks to alter competitive dynamics and lead to dominance. Finally, specific mutualistic clades of the soil community, such as mycorrhizal fungi, may increase resource acquisition or herbivore tolerance, thus promoting positive feedback. To ...
Environmental Variation, Stochastic Extinction, and Competitive
... also have addressed subtly different questions. Singlespecies conservation studies typically use stochastic simulations to evaluate mean time to extinction in models that include a quasiextinction threshold or formally incorporate demographic stochasticity (reviewed in Boyce 1992; Menges 2000), wher ...
... also have addressed subtly different questions. Singlespecies conservation studies typically use stochastic simulations to evaluate mean time to extinction in models that include a quasiextinction threshold or formally incorporate demographic stochasticity (reviewed in Boyce 1992; Menges 2000), wher ...
CONSERVATION AREA MANAGEMENT
... Biological diversity is a key element to healthy, sustainable forests. Biodiversity exists at many levels of biological organization (i.e. genetic, species, communities, ecosystems and landscapes). Biodiversity also occurs at a variety of spatial scales from a few square feet to millions of acres. N ...
... Biological diversity is a key element to healthy, sustainable forests. Biodiversity exists at many levels of biological organization (i.e. genetic, species, communities, ecosystems and landscapes). Biodiversity also occurs at a variety of spatial scales from a few square feet to millions of acres. N ...
The Phylogeny of the Cercomeria (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela
... which exhibit 1 instance of homoplasy each, giv- Numbers accompanyingthe slash marks refer to the ing a tree length of 135 for the phylogenetic hy- number of putative synapomorphiessupportingeach pothesis (Fig. 1 and following synoptic classifi- branch(referto synopticclassificationin text for idenc ...
... which exhibit 1 instance of homoplasy each, giv- Numbers accompanyingthe slash marks refer to the ing a tree length of 135 for the phylogenetic hy- number of putative synapomorphiessupportingeach pothesis (Fig. 1 and following synoptic classifi- branch(referto synopticclassificationin text for idenc ...
BioMath Food Webs Student
... 8. Add another primary producer and label it K. 9. Add a species (L) that is a predator of K and is prey for F and E. 10. Add a top-level predator (M) that feeds on any two of the current top-level predators. 11. Compare your new graph (with the changes from steps 8-10) to the original before the ch ...
... 8. Add another primary producer and label it K. 9. Add a species (L) that is a predator of K and is prey for F and E. 10. Add a top-level predator (M) that feeds on any two of the current top-level predators. 11. Compare your new graph (with the changes from steps 8-10) to the original before the ch ...
The potential role of ecological corridors for habitat conservation in
... species of plant and animal of conservation value will actually move through them. The second is that investment of limited resources in corridors has a better cost-benefit balance than investment in other conservation activities such as site acquisition, management or restoration. Ecological corrid ...
... species of plant and animal of conservation value will actually move through them. The second is that investment of limited resources in corridors has a better cost-benefit balance than investment in other conservation activities such as site acquisition, management or restoration. Ecological corrid ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
... preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. When humans began taking a small proportion of these highly ranked prey, carnivores were forced to switch to lower-ranked prey (Kay 2002). While subsisting on alternative prey, carnivores (and humans) would then provide intense ...
... preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. When humans began taking a small proportion of these highly ranked prey, carnivores were forced to switch to lower-ranked prey (Kay 2002). While subsisting on alternative prey, carnivores (and humans) would then provide intense ...
Ecology, 89 - Virginia Tech
... Abstract. Direct and indirect species interactions within ecological communities may play a strong role in influencing or maintaining community structure. Complex community interactions pose a major challenge to predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change because predictive frameworks requ ...
... Abstract. Direct and indirect species interactions within ecological communities may play a strong role in influencing or maintaining community structure. Complex community interactions pose a major challenge to predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change because predictive frameworks requ ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene
... preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. When humans began taking a small proportion of these highly ranked prey, carnivores were forced to switch to lower-ranked prey (Kay 2002). While subsisting on alternative prey, carnivores (and humans) would then provide intense ...
... preferred by large carnivores, such as dire wolves and sabertooth cats. When humans began taking a small proportion of these highly ranked prey, carnivores were forced to switch to lower-ranked prey (Kay 2002). While subsisting on alternative prey, carnivores (and humans) would then provide intense ...
Journal of Animal - Centre d`études biologiques de Chizé
... Journal of Animal Ecology (2002) 71, 723-734 ...
... Journal of Animal Ecology (2002) 71, 723-734 ...
Amphibian Population Declines: Evolutionary Considerations
... Over evolutionary time, selection pressures have shaped the life history characteristics and behaviors of amphibians in ways that relate to their exposure to sunlight. Amphibians seek sunlight for thermoregulation and to maximize their growth and development. Especially in temperate regions, larvae ...
... Over evolutionary time, selection pressures have shaped the life history characteristics and behaviors of amphibians in ways that relate to their exposure to sunlight. Amphibians seek sunlight for thermoregulation and to maximize their growth and development. Especially in temperate regions, larvae ...
Trophic ecology of meiofauna: Francisco J.A. Nascimento
... history characteristics adapted to seasonal inputs of settling organic matter (Boon 1998; Ólafsson and Elmgren 1997). The sheer amount of organic matter derived from phytoplankton blooms that reaches aquatic sediments every year makes them a globally important reservoir of organic matter. The miner ...
... history characteristics adapted to seasonal inputs of settling organic matter (Boon 1998; Ólafsson and Elmgren 1997). The sheer amount of organic matter derived from phytoplankton blooms that reaches aquatic sediments every year makes them a globally important reservoir of organic matter. The miner ...
KILHAM, PETER, AND ROBERT E. HECKY. Comparative ecology of
... physiology. Marked differences in uptake ability, storage capacity, and growth and loss rates will be found for phytoplankton that can be ranked along an r- through K-selection continuum. This continuum can serve as a unifying concept in phytoplankton ecology. ...
... physiology. Marked differences in uptake ability, storage capacity, and growth and loss rates will be found for phytoplankton that can be ranked along an r- through K-selection continuum. This continuum can serve as a unifying concept in phytoplankton ecology. ...
Lourenco_with_editor_changes - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio
... common constraints to studies of lethal interactions that influence the correct use of terminology. ...
... common constraints to studies of lethal interactions that influence the correct use of terminology. ...
P.S.Z.N.
... in Fig. 1, one zooid has trapped such a polychaete. In Fig. 1. a. the body of the worm (with characteristic proventricle visible) is to the left. It is clamped firmly just behind its tentacled head by the median adventitious avicularium of the Reptadeonelfa zooid. Fig. 1. b. is a line drawing of Fig ...
... in Fig. 1, one zooid has trapped such a polychaete. In Fig. 1. a. the body of the worm (with characteristic proventricle visible) is to the left. It is clamped firmly just behind its tentacled head by the median adventitious avicularium of the Reptadeonelfa zooid. Fig. 1. b. is a line drawing of Fig ...
From arctic lemmings to adaptive dynamics
... climatic variation. To support this conclusion, he examined long-term population data then available. Despite his firm belief in a climatic cause of the self-repeating periodic dynamics which many species display, Elton was insightful and far-sighted enough to outline many of the other hypotheses si ...
... climatic variation. To support this conclusion, he examined long-term population data then available. Despite his firm belief in a climatic cause of the self-repeating periodic dynamics which many species display, Elton was insightful and far-sighted enough to outline many of the other hypotheses si ...
Deep water sponges - Norsk olje og gass
... • 3D reconstruction of the canal system of G.barretti – Measure the canal and feeding chamber dimensions – Frictional losses with water flow within a sponge – Establish model for pumping activity ...
... • 3D reconstruction of the canal system of G.barretti – Measure the canal and feeding chamber dimensions – Frictional losses with water flow within a sponge – Establish model for pumping activity ...
PDF
... between results obtained through traditional sampling methods and those using environmental DNA (but see Adams et al., 2013), although the relationship between traditionally collected results (e.g., manual counts or biomass) and relative eDNA sequence abundance clearly varies by taxon and with envir ...
... between results obtained through traditional sampling methods and those using environmental DNA (but see Adams et al., 2013), although the relationship between traditionally collected results (e.g., manual counts or biomass) and relative eDNA sequence abundance clearly varies by taxon and with envir ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.