The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation
... of reliable data. Research into amphibian declines has focused on: (1) documentation at the landscape or population level; and (2) observational and experimental work on potential causes of declines. Although loss of habitat is known to have impacted amphibians for decades, recent research has focus ...
... of reliable data. Research into amphibian declines has focused on: (1) documentation at the landscape or population level; and (2) observational and experimental work on potential causes of declines. Although loss of habitat is known to have impacted amphibians for decades, recent research has focus ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... List of Tables Chapter 1: Detritivores mediate predator-herbivore interactions Table 1. ANOVA results for the main and interactive effects of the detritivorous isopod Littorophiloscia vittata (I), the herbivorous planthopper Prokelisia dolus (H), the predaceous spider Pardosa littoralis (P), and le ...
... List of Tables Chapter 1: Detritivores mediate predator-herbivore interactions Table 1. ANOVA results for the main and interactive effects of the detritivorous isopod Littorophiloscia vittata (I), the herbivorous planthopper Prokelisia dolus (H), the predaceous spider Pardosa littoralis (P), and le ...
Unifying sources and sinks in ecology andEarth sciences
... The paired source and sink concepts are used increasingly in ecology and Earth sciences, but they have evolved in divergent directions, hampering communication across disciplines. We propose a conceptual framework that unifies existing definitions, and review their most significant consequences for ...
... The paired source and sink concepts are used increasingly in ecology and Earth sciences, but they have evolved in divergent directions, hampering communication across disciplines. We propose a conceptual framework that unifies existing definitions, and review their most significant consequences for ...
111 - CREAF
... results. Despite generations of biochemists and physiologists reporting the plasticity of the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton in the field and in laboratory cultures (Hecky et al. 1993; Geider and La Roche 2002), values close to N:P Redfield ratios in marine phytoplankton (Ho et al. 20 ...
... results. Despite generations of biochemists and physiologists reporting the plasticity of the elemental composition of marine phytoplankton in the field and in laboratory cultures (Hecky et al. 1993; Geider and La Roche 2002), values close to N:P Redfield ratios in marine phytoplankton (Ho et al. 20 ...
pdf, 153kb
... recycling The process of converting materials that are no longer useful as designed or intended into a new product. http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=kids_glossary#R relative position A point defined with reference to another position, either fixed or moving; the coordinates of such a point ar ...
... recycling The process of converting materials that are no longer useful as designed or intended into a new product. http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=kids_glossary#R relative position A point defined with reference to another position, either fixed or moving; the coordinates of such a point ar ...
Effects of elevated CO2 on keystone herbivores in modern Arctic
... A central theme of this chapter is that elevated atmospheric CO2 will directly alter growth and nutrient quality of arctic plants as well as indirectly change climate especially at high latitudes. Determining how this environmental change will affect arctic ecosystems requires an understanding of th ...
... A central theme of this chapter is that elevated atmospheric CO2 will directly alter growth and nutrient quality of arctic plants as well as indirectly change climate especially at high latitudes. Determining how this environmental change will affect arctic ecosystems requires an understanding of th ...
Theoretical and empirical studies on population dynamics, species
... and death processes (BDP) (Gardiner 1985) to describe single species population dynamics. A BDP is given by two mathematical functions, the birth and the death rate of the species, which can be related to the probability of observing a given number of individuals of the species (Gardiner 1985). We i ...
... and death processes (BDP) (Gardiner 1985) to describe single species population dynamics. A BDP is given by two mathematical functions, the birth and the death rate of the species, which can be related to the probability of observing a given number of individuals of the species (Gardiner 1985). We i ...
Ecosystem services and biodiversity in Europe
... described and properly recognised in decision-making, to ensure that there is at the very least a narrative of what is at stake in decisions affecting them. More powerful means of ensuring that the value of ecosystem services is recognised in decision-making include economic valuation methods. These ...
... described and properly recognised in decision-making, to ensure that there is at the very least a narrative of what is at stake in decisions affecting them. More powerful means of ensuring that the value of ecosystem services is recognised in decision-making include economic valuation methods. These ...
Ricklefs, R. E
... indicate that most ageing-related death is caused by intrinsic factors, such as tumours and cardiovascular failure, rather than increasing vulnerability to extrinsic causes of mortality. 6. Studies of several wild populations of long-lived birds suggest that ageing-related mortality is often catastr ...
... indicate that most ageing-related death is caused by intrinsic factors, such as tumours and cardiovascular failure, rather than increasing vulnerability to extrinsic causes of mortality. 6. Studies of several wild populations of long-lived birds suggest that ageing-related mortality is often catastr ...
Evolutionary Arguments on Aging, Disease, and Other Topics
... - For several decades, evolutionary theses have become so rooted in the minds of biologists that there is no subject concerning living beings that has not, according to them, been dealt with. Not only does the scholar of systematics that looks into the affinities, and therefore the relationships amo ...
... - For several decades, evolutionary theses have become so rooted in the minds of biologists that there is no subject concerning living beings that has not, according to them, been dealt with. Not only does the scholar of systematics that looks into the affinities, and therefore the relationships amo ...
Invasion of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and the rise of the boreal
... full potential of the palaeoecological records has not been used for increasing our understanding of critically important processes of colonization, population growth and competitive species interactions associated with species range shifts. The main reason for this may be a technical one. Palaeoeco ...
... full potential of the palaeoecological records has not been used for increasing our understanding of critically important processes of colonization, population growth and competitive species interactions associated with species range shifts. The main reason for this may be a technical one. Palaeoeco ...
Darwin Collection - Science
... evolution to reproductive isolation, tracing the links between Darwin’s ideas and current thinking. Christophe Fraser and colleagues discuss the contentious area of microbial species formation, an issue that would surely have vexed Darwin horribly had the bewildering diversity of microbes been known ...
... evolution to reproductive isolation, tracing the links between Darwin’s ideas and current thinking. Christophe Fraser and colleagues discuss the contentious area of microbial species formation, an issue that would surely have vexed Darwin horribly had the bewildering diversity of microbes been known ...
Interactions Between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Other
... to the control of insect populations . More work is required to investigate further the many ways in which the natural enemy community interacts in the agroecosystem Keywords: entomopathogeni c fungi, insect natural enemies, interactions, ecological susceptibility, physiologica l susceptibility, bio ...
... to the control of insect populations . More work is required to investigate further the many ways in which the natural enemy community interacts in the agroecosystem Keywords: entomopathogeni c fungi, insect natural enemies, interactions, ecological susceptibility, physiologica l susceptibility, bio ...
Slide 1
... Our modern population-biology view derives primarily from Gleason’s conceptual model, even though Clementsian ideas of deterministic progression through seral to climax stages dominated ecological theory well into the 20th century (see Connell & Slatyer 1977) Photos from http://oz.plymouth.edu/~lts/ ...
... Our modern population-biology view derives primarily from Gleason’s conceptual model, even though Clementsian ideas of deterministic progression through seral to climax stages dominated ecological theory well into the 20th century (see Connell & Slatyer 1977) Photos from http://oz.plymouth.edu/~lts/ ...
Impacts of Invasive Species on Food Webs: A Review of Empirical
... species” (present in the community since prehuman times) and resident species, which include ex-invasives that have become established locally. It should be noted that the notion of “resident” is relative to a particular time and invader; when contrasting “invasive” and “resident”, the residents are ...
... species” (present in the community since prehuman times) and resident species, which include ex-invasives that have become established locally. It should be noted that the notion of “resident” is relative to a particular time and invader; when contrasting “invasive” and “resident”, the residents are ...
Using the functional response of a consumer to predict biotic L
... response) and used these to estimate NZMS per capita mortality rates due to crayfish predation. We combined these estimates with field-based estimates of NZMS fecundity rates derived from the literature to forecast the probability of observing NZMS invasion vs. crayfishmediated biotic resistance over a ...
... response) and used these to estimate NZMS per capita mortality rates due to crayfish predation. We combined these estimates with field-based estimates of NZMS fecundity rates derived from the literature to forecast the probability of observing NZMS invasion vs. crayfishmediated biotic resistance over a ...
Overcoming evolutionary history: conditioning the
... Overview of Thesis Goals: To assess whether BTM can escape its evoltuionary trap and be conditioned to avoid predation by WMF, I will conduct a three-phase study. My specific goals are to: 1. Synthesize the literature on evolutionary traps: As mentioned above, the BTM’s lack of evolutionary history ...
... Overview of Thesis Goals: To assess whether BTM can escape its evoltuionary trap and be conditioned to avoid predation by WMF, I will conduct a three-phase study. My specific goals are to: 1. Synthesize the literature on evolutionary traps: As mentioned above, the BTM’s lack of evolutionary history ...
Global biodiversity patterns of marine phytoplankton and zooplankton
... change with the scale of observation4–6, and that these patterns depend on the history of the community assembly7. Many studies have revealed a unimodal pattern, with maximal diversity at intermediate levels of productivity1–5,8–12. Other studies revealed a monotonic increase of diversity with produ ...
... change with the scale of observation4–6, and that these patterns depend on the history of the community assembly7. Many studies have revealed a unimodal pattern, with maximal diversity at intermediate levels of productivity1–5,8–12. Other studies revealed a monotonic increase of diversity with produ ...
UNIT 2 Practice TEST
... c. Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats. d. Amphibians eat many insects, second in number only to birds. e. They are often considered keystone species. Birds and trout make good a. nonnative species. b. native species. c. keystone species. d. indicator speci ...
... c. Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats. d. Amphibians eat many insects, second in number only to birds. e. They are often considered keystone species. Birds and trout make good a. nonnative species. b. native species. c. keystone species. d. indicator speci ...
Characterizing man-made and natural modifications of microbial
... Jersey and Galveston Bay, on the Gulf of Mexico. In order to assess structure, function, and trophic state of these and other coastal ecosystems, molecular (DNA and RNA-based) characterizations of the microbial taxa involved in carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient transformations can be combined with ...
... Jersey and Galveston Bay, on the Gulf of Mexico. In order to assess structure, function, and trophic state of these and other coastal ecosystems, molecular (DNA and RNA-based) characterizations of the microbial taxa involved in carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient transformations can be combined with ...
The relative dominance hypothesis explains interaction dynamics in mixed species /
... available to dominant individuals may also be affected by neighbourhood competition, only weak relationships have been observed in several studies between measures of neighbourhood competition and the growth of larger individuals (Cannell et al. 1984) or taller species (Kubota & Hara 1995; McLellan ...
... available to dominant individuals may also be affected by neighbourhood competition, only weak relationships have been observed in several studies between measures of neighbourhood competition and the growth of larger individuals (Cannell et al. 1984) or taller species (Kubota & Hara 1995; McLellan ...
The experimental evolution of specialists, generalists, and the
... 2000a) so I outline only the broad principles and predictions below. The environment is taken to be composed of a series of patches or habitats that differ in the conditions of growth offered. The niche of any genotype can be described by its mean ®tness and its environmental variance in ®tness acro ...
... 2000a) so I outline only the broad principles and predictions below. The environment is taken to be composed of a series of patches or habitats that differ in the conditions of growth offered. The niche of any genotype can be described by its mean ®tness and its environmental variance in ®tness acro ...
Functional uniformity - Portsmouth Research Portal
... ciliated 'tentacles', via a rasping radula, or via a pair of cutting jaws, were placed in different ...
... ciliated 'tentacles', via a rasping radula, or via a pair of cutting jaws, were placed in different ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.