8th Grade Science, Standard 5.5
... Eubacteria: single-celled organisms that are found almost everywhere on Earth The term “Monera” or “Monerans” applies to both Archaebacteria and Eubacteria since both are comprised of single-celled (mono) organisms. The kingdom Monera was divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria to differentiate t ...
... Eubacteria: single-celled organisms that are found almost everywhere on Earth The term “Monera” or “Monerans” applies to both Archaebacteria and Eubacteria since both are comprised of single-celled (mono) organisms. The kingdom Monera was divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria to differentiate t ...
Science and the Environment
... photosynthetic organisms such as green plants and Click here to reveal the definition! phytoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms such as sulfur bacteria. ...
... photosynthetic organisms such as green plants and Click here to reveal the definition! phytoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms such as sulfur bacteria. ...
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
... BIODIVERSITY IS A SOURCE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES • FOOD • 175 FOODS, 52 BEVERAGES OF FOREST ORIGIN • 90% DOMESTICATED PLANTS HAVE ORIGIN IN THE TROPIC FORESTS • OF 250 K PLANTS 20 K HAVE BEEN FOOD FOR HUMANS ...
... BIODIVERSITY IS A SOURCE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES • FOOD • 175 FOODS, 52 BEVERAGES OF FOREST ORIGIN • 90% DOMESTICATED PLANTS HAVE ORIGIN IN THE TROPIC FORESTS • OF 250 K PLANTS 20 K HAVE BEEN FOOD FOR HUMANS ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... organisms (e.g. Cox and Moore 2005). In total we have probably only identified less than 10% of global biodiversity, and there is much uncertainty regarding species biodiversity of some taxa even in highly scrutinised ecosystems such as those in the UK (e.g. Cox and Moore, 2005; Bebber et al., 2007 ...
... organisms (e.g. Cox and Moore 2005). In total we have probably only identified less than 10% of global biodiversity, and there is much uncertainty regarding species biodiversity of some taxa even in highly scrutinised ecosystems such as those in the UK (e.g. Cox and Moore, 2005; Bebber et al., 2007 ...
A shift from exploitation to interference competition with increasing
... Ginzburg 1989); an increase in resources will result in an increase in the encounter rate. For example, imagine a population of squirrels that compete for nuts exploitatively, in that each nut eaten by a squirrel reduces the number of nuts available for other squirrels. In that case, squirrel fitnes ...
... Ginzburg 1989); an increase in resources will result in an increase in the encounter rate. For example, imagine a population of squirrels that compete for nuts exploitatively, in that each nut eaten by a squirrel reduces the number of nuts available for other squirrels. In that case, squirrel fitnes ...
CHAPTER 3 SHORELINE ENVIRONMENT DESIGNATIONS AND
... developed a system of categorizing shoreline areas as part of its Master Program. This system is designed to provide a uniform basis for applying policies and use regulations within distinctively different shoreline areas. To accomplish this, the environmental designations to be given any specific a ...
... developed a system of categorizing shoreline areas as part of its Master Program. This system is designed to provide a uniform basis for applying policies and use regulations within distinctively different shoreline areas. To accomplish this, the environmental designations to be given any specific a ...
Guha Dharmarajan PhD: Population genetics (Department of
... Dharmarajan G, Beasley JC and Rhodes OE Jr. (2011) Heterozygote deficiencies in parasite component populations: An evaluation of interrelated hypotheses in the raccoon tick, Ixodes texanus. Heredity ...
... Dharmarajan G, Beasley JC and Rhodes OE Jr. (2011) Heterozygote deficiencies in parasite component populations: An evaluation of interrelated hypotheses in the raccoon tick, Ixodes texanus. Heredity ...
Understanding food‐web persistence from local to global scales
... effect of weak links (McCann et al. 1998), and the effect of predator–prey body-mass ratios (Otto et al. 2007). Empirically, it has been shown that the influence of the pattern and strength of interactions on coexistence of competitors is greater than that of spatial processes (Amarasekare 2000). Mo ...
... effect of weak links (McCann et al. 1998), and the effect of predator–prey body-mass ratios (Otto et al. 2007). Empirically, it has been shown that the influence of the pattern and strength of interactions on coexistence of competitors is greater than that of spatial processes (Amarasekare 2000). Mo ...
Food Web Stability: The Influence of Trophic Flows across Habitats
... argued that control of food webs is top down. This results in trophic cascades that are typified by increases in biomass of an odd number of trophic levels in odd-numbered food chains or increases in biomass of an even number of trophic levels in even-numbered food chains (Fretwell 1977, 1987; Oksan ...
... argued that control of food webs is top down. This results in trophic cascades that are typified by increases in biomass of an odd number of trophic levels in odd-numbered food chains or increases in biomass of an even number of trophic levels in even-numbered food chains (Fretwell 1977, 1987; Oksan ...
Contents Organising committee - New Zealand Ecological Society
... lunch, snacks, bottled water are provided. Tea and coffee are also available on the island. Wear strong footwear for walking. Bring a raincoat and warm jacket as well as a sunhat. Footwear, clothing and field gear must be scrupulously clean, and free of all dirt, seeds, insects, pocket fluff. You wi ...
... lunch, snacks, bottled water are provided. Tea and coffee are also available on the island. Wear strong footwear for walking. Bring a raincoat and warm jacket as well as a sunhat. Footwear, clothing and field gear must be scrupulously clean, and free of all dirt, seeds, insects, pocket fluff. You wi ...
I
... outbreak of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci had devastated coral populations along much of the Great Barrier Reef. We are thus left without a clear understanding of how reefs functioned in the absence of major human impacts. This is the problem of shifting baselines [3,9], which is a ...
... outbreak of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci had devastated coral populations along much of the Great Barrier Reef. We are thus left without a clear understanding of how reefs functioned in the absence of major human impacts. This is the problem of shifting baselines [3,9], which is a ...
MMinte: an application for predicting metabolic interactions among
... overall properties of an ecosystem. However, we are still unable to use 16S rDNA data to directly assess the microbe-microbe and microbe-environment interactions that determine the broader ecology of that system. Thus, properties such as competition, cooperation, and nutrient conditions remain insuf ...
... overall properties of an ecosystem. However, we are still unable to use 16S rDNA data to directly assess the microbe-microbe and microbe-environment interactions that determine the broader ecology of that system. Thus, properties such as competition, cooperation, and nutrient conditions remain insuf ...
Do Inhibitory Interactions Between Detritivores
... 77% of annual detritivore production in headwater streams in the Southern Appalachians (Wallace et al. 1999). Tallaperla and Tipula appear to be functionally subordinate to the caddisfly Pycnopsyche gentilis with respect to leaf breakdown (Eggert and Wallace 2007, Creed et al. 2009, Rollins 2010). E ...
... 77% of annual detritivore production in headwater streams in the Southern Appalachians (Wallace et al. 1999). Tallaperla and Tipula appear to be functionally subordinate to the caddisfly Pycnopsyche gentilis with respect to leaf breakdown (Eggert and Wallace 2007, Creed et al. 2009, Rollins 2010). E ...
Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the
... small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustaceans and 1 gastropod accounted for > 95% of total epifaunal biomass, with highest values in the forest followed by large and small creeks (228.2, 103.6 and 69.7 kJ m–2 respectively). The leafconsu ...
... small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustaceans and 1 gastropod accounted for > 95% of total epifaunal biomass, with highest values in the forest followed by large and small creeks (228.2, 103.6 and 69.7 kJ m–2 respectively). The leafconsu ...
Computational systems biology and in silico modeling of the human
... The human microbiome is a complex biological system with numerous interacting components across multiple organizational levels. The assembly, ecology and dynamics of the microbiome and its contribution to the development, physiology and nutrition of the host are clearly affected not only by the set ...
... The human microbiome is a complex biological system with numerous interacting components across multiple organizational levels. The assembly, ecology and dynamics of the microbiome and its contribution to the development, physiology and nutrition of the host are clearly affected not only by the set ...
South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy
... Covering an area of 149,188 km² of South Australia, the SimpsonStrzelecki Dunefields and Finke bioregions represent 28.67% of the South Australian Arid Lands and 15.21% of the State*. The Finke bioregion, straddling the Northern Territory and South Australia border is characterised by sand plains an ...
... Covering an area of 149,188 km² of South Australia, the SimpsonStrzelecki Dunefields and Finke bioregions represent 28.67% of the South Australian Arid Lands and 15.21% of the State*. The Finke bioregion, straddling the Northern Territory and South Australia border is characterised by sand plains an ...
Large-scale spatial dynamics of vole populations in Finland
... The relationship between the number of ringed nestlings of the selected avian predators and the existing long-term data on vole abundance was examined to clarify the dependence of the ringing data on local vole dynamics. Generally, the vole trapping series were obtained from biannual snap-trappings ...
... The relationship between the number of ringed nestlings of the selected avian predators and the existing long-term data on vole abundance was examined to clarify the dependence of the ringing data on local vole dynamics. Generally, the vole trapping series were obtained from biannual snap-trappings ...
S a fe gua rd in g th e R oman ia n C a rp a th ia ne co lo g ica lne tw
... they are known, and also the permissible land uses in these areas. Therefore conservationists, land use planners, natural resource managers, developers, ...
... they are known, and also the permissible land uses in these areas. Therefore conservationists, land use planners, natural resource managers, developers, ...
Habitat coupling in lake ecosystems
... fishes. Pelagic habitats are inhabited predominantly by planktonic organisms. Energy flow in this habitat is largely through phytoplankton and bacterial pathways. Benthic habitats of lakes are associated with bottom substrata and can be substantially heterogeneous in both vertical and horizontal dim ...
... fishes. Pelagic habitats are inhabited predominantly by planktonic organisms. Energy flow in this habitat is largely through phytoplankton and bacterial pathways. Benthic habitats of lakes are associated with bottom substrata and can be substantially heterogeneous in both vertical and horizontal dim ...
Genetic Diversity
... • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere. • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act: – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” – A threatened species is likely to become endan ...
... • Species diversity is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere. • According to the U.S. Endangered Species Act: – An endangered species is “in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” – A threatened species is likely to become endan ...
Natural enemy interactions constrain pest control in complex
... control by negative interactions occurring between birds and flying insect enemies. Higher availability of overwintering habitats, alternative resources, and refuges against agricultural disturbance in seminatural habitats may also promote higher pest populations in addition to enemies (14). In the a ...
... control by negative interactions occurring between birds and flying insect enemies. Higher availability of overwintering habitats, alternative resources, and refuges against agricultural disturbance in seminatural habitats may also promote higher pest populations in addition to enemies (14). In the a ...
Landscape connectivity analysis for conservation
... valuable addition towards this end, by showing how a diversity of analytical approaches and data types can be applied, and in many case combined in an integrated fashion, in order to address various aspects that are at play while quantifying landscape connectivity and to support related management d ...
... valuable addition towards this end, by showing how a diversity of analytical approaches and data types can be applied, and in many case combined in an integrated fashion, in order to address various aspects that are at play while quantifying landscape connectivity and to support related management d ...
resources from another place and time: responses to pulses in a
... or dynamics to communities that receive strongly pulsed resources. In both cases, communities may be structured by responses to resources that are potentially absent at any given point in time (pulsed communities) or space (subsidized communities), even if pulsed resources are part of the in situ pr ...
... or dynamics to communities that receive strongly pulsed resources. In both cases, communities may be structured by responses to resources that are potentially absent at any given point in time (pulsed communities) or space (subsidized communities), even if pulsed resources are part of the in situ pr ...
Garry Oak Ecosystems
... and their surrounding landscape will typically result in unique patch dynamics and life forms, making generalizations difficult and potentially misleading (Watson 2002). When savannahs are fragmented and occur as patches within a matrix of forested and developed land, this increased patchiness may a ...
... and their surrounding landscape will typically result in unique patch dynamics and life forms, making generalizations difficult and potentially misleading (Watson 2002). When savannahs are fragmented and occur as patches within a matrix of forested and developed land, this increased patchiness may a ...
The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation
... of reliable data. Research into amphibian declines has focused on: (1) documentation at the landscape or population level; and (2) observational and experimental work on potential causes of declines. Although loss of habitat is known to have impacted amphibians for decades, recent research has focus ...
... of reliable data. Research into amphibian declines has focused on: (1) documentation at the landscape or population level; and (2) observational and experimental work on potential causes of declines. Although loss of habitat is known to have impacted amphibians for decades, recent research has focus ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.