40 Anniversary Conference Gesellschaft für Ökologie
... we actually celebrate the birth of a great idea, since the inscription of our society into the forms of the district court took place a little bit later. However, I consider the birth of an idea to be much more exciting than its official record. I am thus proud to say that the idea of establishing a ...
... we actually celebrate the birth of a great idea, since the inscription of our society into the forms of the district court took place a little bit later. However, I consider the birth of an idea to be much more exciting than its official record. I am thus proud to say that the idea of establishing a ...
Understanding Rapid Evolution in Predator
... exponential growth rate of the prey without density limitation, K is the prey carrying capacity, a is the encounter rate, h is the handling time, b is the conversion of prey to predator density, and d is the per capita death rate of the predator. In this model, e is a small positive number that repr ...
... exponential growth rate of the prey without density limitation, K is the prey carrying capacity, a is the encounter rate, h is the handling time, b is the conversion of prey to predator density, and d is the per capita death rate of the predator. In this model, e is a small positive number that repr ...
Evaluation of Ecological Impacts from Highway
... potential to alter the natural environment in a myriad different ways, and includes the potential for large cumulative and secondary impacts. The NEPA process offers federal and state highway authorities a unique tool for considering the full range of environmental impacts from highway development. ...
... potential to alter the natural environment in a myriad different ways, and includes the potential for large cumulative and secondary impacts. The NEPA process offers federal and state highway authorities a unique tool for considering the full range of environmental impacts from highway development. ...
The place of the steppe marmot in steppe ecosystems of Ukraine: an
... In the beginning of the XX century the insular settlements remained only on the left bank of the Severski Donets River. The steppes on the left bank of the Donets were hilly and richly intersected by rivers and gullies. The gullies could not be ploughed and they became the only potential habitats fo ...
... In the beginning of the XX century the insular settlements remained only on the left bank of the Severski Donets River. The steppes on the left bank of the Donets were hilly and richly intersected by rivers and gullies. The gullies could not be ploughed and they became the only potential habitats fo ...
(1904–2005) Ernst Mayr and the integration of geographic and
... Mayr’s best recognized scientific contributions include the biological species concept and the theory of geographic speciation. In the latter, reproductive isolation evolves as an incidental by-product of genetic divergence between allopatric populations. Mayr noted that divergent natural selection ...
... Mayr’s best recognized scientific contributions include the biological species concept and the theory of geographic speciation. In the latter, reproductive isolation evolves as an incidental by-product of genetic divergence between allopatric populations. Mayr noted that divergent natural selection ...
Table of Contents - New England Conference Company
... biodiversity, habitat connectivity and landscape resilience Climate-ready revegetation: a guide for natural resource managers After the Gold Rush Beyond the biophysical – the Jaliigirr Biodiversity Alliance Model Improving the success of direct seeding on the Northern Tablelands Designing wildlife c ...
... biodiversity, habitat connectivity and landscape resilience Climate-ready revegetation: a guide for natural resource managers After the Gold Rush Beyond the biophysical – the Jaliigirr Biodiversity Alliance Model Improving the success of direct seeding on the Northern Tablelands Designing wildlife c ...
Common Ancestry Is a Poor Predictor of Competitive Traits in
... differences from one another, the longer the time they have had to diverge from one another [16]. However, a number of evolutionary processes can reduce or eliminate phylogenetic signal [17, 18], and recent reviews have shown that the presence of a phylogenetic signal in traits may not be as common ...
... differences from one another, the longer the time they have had to diverge from one another [16]. However, a number of evolutionary processes can reduce or eliminate phylogenetic signal [17, 18], and recent reviews have shown that the presence of a phylogenetic signal in traits may not be as common ...
A GENERAL HYPOTHESIS OF SPECIES DIVERSITY Many
... among competitors, and thus the maintenance of diversity. When competitive equilibrium is prevented by fluctuating conditions, population reductions, or other factors, diversity among competitors should be strongly influenced by the rate of competitive displacement. Diversity should be high for comm ...
... among competitors, and thus the maintenance of diversity. When competitive equilibrium is prevented by fluctuating conditions, population reductions, or other factors, diversity among competitors should be strongly influenced by the rate of competitive displacement. Diversity should be high for comm ...
Ecological consequences of genetic diversity
... important ecological effects. Our review of the literature reveals significant effects of genetic diversity on ecological processes such as primary productivity, population recovery from disturbance, interspecific competition, community structure, and fluxes of energy and nutrients. Thus, genetic di ...
... important ecological effects. Our review of the literature reveals significant effects of genetic diversity on ecological processes such as primary productivity, population recovery from disturbance, interspecific competition, community structure, and fluxes of energy and nutrients. Thus, genetic di ...
Read the entire theme set
... A principal goal of seascape ecology is to make efficient use of oceanographic data and ecological process models to predict the distributions and migrations of marine organisms. Such an integrative approach is highly relevant to efforts to assess and manage ecosystems that support major commercial ...
... A principal goal of seascape ecology is to make efficient use of oceanographic data and ecological process models to predict the distributions and migrations of marine organisms. Such an integrative approach is highly relevant to efforts to assess and manage ecosystems that support major commercial ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... assess the degree of floral homogenisation of understory communities between 1950 and 2000. By incorporating changes in both species occurrence and relative abundance, the authors found that two-thirds of the sites had become more similar in their composition as a result of declines in rare species ...
... assess the degree of floral homogenisation of understory communities between 1950 and 2000. By incorporating changes in both species occurrence and relative abundance, the authors found that two-thirds of the sites had become more similar in their composition as a result of declines in rare species ...
environmental filtering of enzymatic activities
... Here, we test whether environmental filtering and niche differentiation constrain the distribution of enzymatic activities among and within ECM fungal communities (see Table 1 for the definitions of the key concepts and objectives of the present work). We investigated the functional composition of ECM ...
... Here, we test whether environmental filtering and niche differentiation constrain the distribution of enzymatic activities among and within ECM fungal communities (see Table 1 for the definitions of the key concepts and objectives of the present work). We investigated the functional composition of ECM ...
Phenotypic integration in plants
... The interrelationships among phenotypic traits of plants has been of interest to plant evolutionary biologists for almost a century. Broadly defined, phenotypic integration refers to the correlations among traits within functional units (such as a flower). In this review, the classic research of Ber ...
... The interrelationships among phenotypic traits of plants has been of interest to plant evolutionary biologists for almost a century. Broadly defined, phenotypic integration refers to the correlations among traits within functional units (such as a flower). In this review, the classic research of Ber ...
Life in the Aftermath of Mass Extinctions
... turn, species and ecosystems — over timescales typical of the geosphere, often many thousands to millions of years. Earth system succession provides a general explanation for the pattern and timing of ecological and evolutionary change in the fossil record. Importantly, it also suggests that a speed ...
... turn, species and ecosystems — over timescales typical of the geosphere, often many thousands to millions of years. Earth system succession provides a general explanation for the pattern and timing of ecological and evolutionary change in the fossil record. Importantly, it also suggests that a speed ...
small networks but not small worlds: unique aspects of food web
... species interactions, and ecosystem structure and function. Although food web studies have long been central to ecological research (May 1986, Pimm et al. 1991, Levin 1992), there has been controversy over whether there are regularities in food web structure worth explaining (e.g., Paine 1988). Earl ...
... species interactions, and ecosystem structure and function. Although food web studies have long been central to ecological research (May 1986, Pimm et al. 1991, Levin 1992), there has been controversy over whether there are regularities in food web structure worth explaining (e.g., Paine 1988). Earl ...
wetlands wetlands
... across the land. Wetland buffers support both landand water-based animals, insects and plants. Potential amendments to the Critical Areas Ordinance seek to protect habitat and healthy functioning ecosystems in order to support viable fish and wildlife populations in Thurston County. Wetlands 1 ...
... across the land. Wetland buffers support both landand water-based animals, insects and plants. Potential amendments to the Critical Areas Ordinance seek to protect habitat and healthy functioning ecosystems in order to support viable fish and wildlife populations in Thurston County. Wetlands 1 ...
Leaf trait variation and field spectroscopy of generalist tree species
... underscoring the importance of community-level variation in traits. An increasing number of leaf traits are being measured routinely in plant communities (Asner et al., 2011; Asner et al., 2015), and these traits can be placed with three functional groups involved in shaping plant performance (Asner ...
... underscoring the importance of community-level variation in traits. An increasing number of leaf traits are being measured routinely in plant communities (Asner et al., 2011; Asner et al., 2015), and these traits can be placed with three functional groups involved in shaping plant performance (Asner ...
Amphibians as Models for Studying Environmental Change
... a rich history. From an early foundation in studies of amphibian natural history sprang generations of scientists who used amphibians as models to address fundamental questions in population and community ecology. More recently, in the wake of an environment that human disturbances rapidly altered, ...
... a rich history. From an early foundation in studies of amphibian natural history sprang generations of scientists who used amphibians as models to address fundamental questions in population and community ecology. More recently, in the wake of an environment that human disturbances rapidly altered, ...
Physics Pacing Guide - Pender County Schools
... carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) through ecosystems relating the significance of each to maintaining the health and sustainability of an ecosystem. ...
... carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) through ecosystems relating the significance of each to maintaining the health and sustainability of an ecosystem. ...
Intra- and interspecific competition among coexisting lotic snails
... sequence, species with varying competitive abilities and a high degree of niche overlap are able to coexist (e.g., Dayton 1971, Huston 1979, Sousa 1979, Dudley et al. 1990, Hemphill 1991). However, in ecosystems characterized as being relatively stable and containing few effective top predators, com ...
... sequence, species with varying competitive abilities and a high degree of niche overlap are able to coexist (e.g., Dayton 1971, Huston 1979, Sousa 1979, Dudley et al. 1990, Hemphill 1991). However, in ecosystems characterized as being relatively stable and containing few effective top predators, com ...
Chapter 5
... • List the three stages of the carbon cycle. • Describe where fossil fuels are located. • Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. • List the tree stages of the nitrogen cycle. • Describe the role that nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle. • Explain how the excess ...
... • List the three stages of the carbon cycle. • Describe where fossil fuels are located. • Identify one way that humans are affecting the carbon cycle. • List the tree stages of the nitrogen cycle. • Describe the role that nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle. • Explain how the excess ...
Toward an ecological synthesis: a case for habitat selection
... strategies of habitat selection, and their importance in ecology and evolution, can often be revealed simply by plots of density in adjacent habitats. For individual species, the strategies are closely intertwined with mechanisms of population regulation, and with the persistence of populations thro ...
... strategies of habitat selection, and their importance in ecology and evolution, can often be revealed simply by plots of density in adjacent habitats. For individual species, the strategies are closely intertwined with mechanisms of population regulation, and with the persistence of populations thro ...
Estimating resource acquisition and at‐sea body condition of a
... condition changes at fine spatial and temporal scales as a result of interaction with the environment provides necessary information about how animals acquire resources. 2. However, comparatively little is known about intra- and interindividual variation of condition in marine systems. Where conditi ...
... condition changes at fine spatial and temporal scales as a result of interaction with the environment provides necessary information about how animals acquire resources. 2. However, comparatively little is known about intra- and interindividual variation of condition in marine systems. Where conditi ...
Evolution and Ecology of Species Range Limits
... isolation, genetic differentiation, and variability in individual and population performance, but evidence for decreased abundance and fitness is lacking. Evolution of range limits is understudied in natural systems; in particular, the role of gene flow in shaping range limits is unknown. Biological i ...
... isolation, genetic differentiation, and variability in individual and population performance, but evidence for decreased abundance and fitness is lacking. Evolution of range limits is understudied in natural systems; in particular, the role of gene flow in shaping range limits is unknown. Biological i ...
BIOSPHERE Chapter 3
... All living and non-living things in an ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder ...
... All living and non-living things in an ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.