Genetic variation, predator–prey interactions and food web structure
... change the structure of the food web, i.e. increasing connectance and changing the distribution of interaction strengths, by continuously changing the ratio of body sizes between predators and prey through the season (figure 1). Additionally, higher genetic variation in growth rates expands the wind ...
... change the structure of the food web, i.e. increasing connectance and changing the distribution of interaction strengths, by continuously changing the ratio of body sizes between predators and prey through the season (figure 1). Additionally, higher genetic variation in growth rates expands the wind ...
Interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment
... maintenance and growth. The energy that is accumulated in plant biomass is called “net primary production.” ...
... maintenance and growth. The energy that is accumulated in plant biomass is called “net primary production.” ...
Perfect Strain Teachers Guide DGBL 2015-08.indd
... game is not intended to teach natural selection to students who have no background in biology; instead, it is intended as an supplementary activity that can be assigned instead of homework or other practice activities. While many students may struggle with the abstract nature of natural selection, t ...
... game is not intended to teach natural selection to students who have no background in biology; instead, it is intended as an supplementary activity that can be assigned instead of homework or other practice activities. While many students may struggle with the abstract nature of natural selection, t ...
The Symbiotic Habit - Princeton University Press
... distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. ...
... distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. ...
These_4_niveau 2 et 3 - Chaire CRSNG/Hydro
... questions surrounding BEF in tree systems, particularly regarding niche complementarity and plant functional traits. In particular, the objectives were to improve our understanding of fine root trait variation within and across tree species, develop an experimental design testing specifically for th ...
... questions surrounding BEF in tree systems, particularly regarding niche complementarity and plant functional traits. In particular, the objectives were to improve our understanding of fine root trait variation within and across tree species, develop an experimental design testing specifically for th ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment Comment
... For: ‘Warming – changes in ‘climate space’: Climate space is about much more than just temperature – moisture availability is key to many sop Loss of grouse from N England and consequent loss of management has huge consequences for fire risk and loss of moorland habitat. Changes in competition ...
... For: ‘Warming – changes in ‘climate space’: Climate space is about much more than just temperature – moisture availability is key to many sop Loss of grouse from N England and consequent loss of management has huge consequences for fire risk and loss of moorland habitat. Changes in competition ...
Curriculum Vitae Elizabeth A. Lynch Employment 2005
... Dahms, D.E., R.D. Hall, R.R. Shroba, C.J. Sorenson, E.A. Lynch, M.T. Applegarth, and J. Dillon. 2003. The Rocky Mountain glacial model: The Wind River Range, Wyoming. In: Easterbrook, D.J., editor, Quaternary Geology of the United States, INQUA 2003 Field Guide Volume. Pp. 345-364. Lynch, E.A. and K ...
... Dahms, D.E., R.D. Hall, R.R. Shroba, C.J. Sorenson, E.A. Lynch, M.T. Applegarth, and J. Dillon. 2003. The Rocky Mountain glacial model: The Wind River Range, Wyoming. In: Easterbrook, D.J., editor, Quaternary Geology of the United States, INQUA 2003 Field Guide Volume. Pp. 345-364. Lynch, E.A. and K ...
2013 Faculty Achievements and Activities Quinney College of Natural Resources Awards and Honors
... Adler, Peter B Warming, soil moisture, and loss of snow increase Bromus tectorum's population growth rate, (2014), Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 2, 000020. Cover, density and demographics of shortgrass steppe plants mapped from 1997-2010 in permanent grazed and ungrazed quadrats, (2013), Ec ...
... Adler, Peter B Warming, soil moisture, and loss of snow increase Bromus tectorum's population growth rate, (2014), Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 2, 000020. Cover, density and demographics of shortgrass steppe plants mapped from 1997-2010 in permanent grazed and ungrazed quadrats, (2013), Ec ...
Desertification and livestock grazing: The roles of sedentarization
... have not been progressive but rather oscillatory. Indeed, it is speculated that the periods of increased aridity have led to the emergence and increased prevalence of nomadic pastoralism and not the inverse, nor a global increase in desertification due to pastoralism (Khazanov 1994). This is because ...
... have not been progressive but rather oscillatory. Indeed, it is speculated that the periods of increased aridity have led to the emergence and increased prevalence of nomadic pastoralism and not the inverse, nor a global increase in desertification due to pastoralism (Khazanov 1994). This is because ...
Evolutionary Mismatch And What To Do About It: A Basic Tutorial
... Since the plight of the evolutionist is still daunting, even if less daunting than the plight of the non-evolutionist, it is important to be as clear as possible about the information that is required to test a mismatch hypothesis and how it can be obtained. In the next section, we enumerate the typ ...
... Since the plight of the evolutionist is still daunting, even if less daunting than the plight of the non-evolutionist, it is important to be as clear as possible about the information that is required to test a mismatch hypothesis and how it can be obtained. In the next section, we enumerate the typ ...
setting the stage: phenotypic plasticity as habitat selection
... quantitative genetics of “indirect genetic effects” on phenotypic evolution have been explored, framed again within the context of the evolution of animal behavior. Indirect genetic ...
... quantitative genetics of “indirect genetic effects” on phenotypic evolution have been explored, framed again within the context of the evolution of animal behavior. Indirect genetic ...
Plastic responses in juvenile wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
... interactions affect juvenile morphology in the field. The data evidently suggests that larval predation has little to no effect on juvenile morphology. Previous studies (Lardner 1998, Relyea 2001) concluded that larval anurans did not exhibit difference in morphology when in the presence of Dytiscus ...
... interactions affect juvenile morphology in the field. The data evidently suggests that larval predation has little to no effect on juvenile morphology. Previous studies (Lardner 1998, Relyea 2001) concluded that larval anurans did not exhibit difference in morphology when in the presence of Dytiscus ...
On reciprocal causation in the evolutionary process
... “The authors work hard to convince the reader that niche construction is a new ‘‘extended theory of evolution’’ that is a ‘‘co-contributor, with natural selection, to the evolutionary process itself’’ (p. 370). This argument is based on the somewhat disingenuous contention that evolutionary biologis ...
... “The authors work hard to convince the reader that niche construction is a new ‘‘extended theory of evolution’’ that is a ‘‘co-contributor, with natural selection, to the evolutionary process itself’’ (p. 370). This argument is based on the somewhat disingenuous contention that evolutionary biologis ...
Ecological monitoring in Cambridge Bay
... Fig. 2.1. NMDS ordination of the spider community across all replicates and time periods using the log values of species relative abundance. Each point indicates the location of a sampled microhabitat: where the triangles denote the two dry ecosites and the squares denote the two wet habitats. Point ...
... Fig. 2.1. NMDS ordination of the spider community across all replicates and time periods using the log values of species relative abundance. Each point indicates the location of a sampled microhabitat: where the triangles denote the two dry ecosites and the squares denote the two wet habitats. Point ...
Environmental Management of Deep
... vents, commercial ore deposits only accumulate over thousands of years. Oil, gas and gas hydrates at seeps accumulate over millennia. A number of policy instruments relevant to the conservation of biodiversity in the marine environment are now integral parts of international, domestic and customary ...
... vents, commercial ore deposits only accumulate over thousands of years. Oil, gas and gas hydrates at seeps accumulate over millennia. A number of policy instruments relevant to the conservation of biodiversity in the marine environment are now integral parts of international, domestic and customary ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: does species diversity
... network, where the Habitat - and Bird Directive are focussed on the protection of biodiversity, regardless of the potential benefits for humans. The question in this report is whether these two approaches, which seem to exist in isolation, could become more integrated, by showing the mutual interdep ...
... network, where the Habitat - and Bird Directive are focussed on the protection of biodiversity, regardless of the potential benefits for humans. The question in this report is whether these two approaches, which seem to exist in isolation, could become more integrated, by showing the mutual interdep ...
Intraspecific phenotypic variation among alewife populations drives
... between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. There are now several examples of the influence of evolutionary diversification within species on ecological processes, both in laboratory systems [6] and in natural systems among fishes [7–9], zooplankton [10] and plants [11,12]. These i ...
... between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. There are now several examples of the influence of evolutionary diversification within species on ecological processes, both in laboratory systems [6] and in natural systems among fishes [7–9], zooplankton [10] and plants [11,12]. These i ...
The assembly and disassembly of ecological networks in a changing world
... forming complex networks of ecological interactions, has puzzled ecologists for many generations. It is one of the main unresolved mysteries of our world, one that could be paired with other important phenomena studied by the sciences such as what are the causes behind dynamical changes in weather p ...
... forming complex networks of ecological interactions, has puzzled ecologists for many generations. It is one of the main unresolved mysteries of our world, one that could be paired with other important phenomena studied by the sciences such as what are the causes behind dynamical changes in weather p ...
OPPORTUNISTIC EVOLUTION: ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENTAL
... DiMichele, W.A., Phillips, T.L. and Olmstead, R.G., 1987. Opportunistic evolution: abiotic environmental stress and the fossil record of plants. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 50: 151-178. Abiotic stress has played a major role in the evolution of vascular plants by creating or delimiting habitats with l ...
... DiMichele, W.A., Phillips, T.L. and Olmstead, R.G., 1987. Opportunistic evolution: abiotic environmental stress and the fossil record of plants. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 50: 151-178. Abiotic stress has played a major role in the evolution of vascular plants by creating or delimiting habitats with l ...
jane lubchenco - Oregon State University
... ensuring continuity of the nation’s weather and environmental satellites, developing a Weather-Ready Nation, promoting climate and ocean acidification science and delivering quality climate products, strengthening science and ensuring scientific integrity at NOAA, and delivering the highest quality ...
... ensuring continuity of the nation’s weather and environmental satellites, developing a Weather-Ready Nation, promoting climate and ocean acidification science and delivering quality climate products, strengthening science and ensuring scientific integrity at NOAA, and delivering the highest quality ...
Answer Key - Mandarin High School - Mrs. Brand`s Science Classes
... In a closed population, the abundance of organisms is constant for the full duration of the experiment or study. An example of this might be a species of fish in a small pond. Scientists know that the fish aren’t going to migrate elsewhere, so they need not worry about the abundance dropping due to ...
... In a closed population, the abundance of organisms is constant for the full duration of the experiment or study. An example of this might be a species of fish in a small pond. Scientists know that the fish aren’t going to migrate elsewhere, so they need not worry about the abundance dropping due to ...
geohab core research project: second open science meeting
... perspective on the complex structure of HAB populations. In a few cases, these biological parameters have now been combined with hydrodynamic measurements and models to improve understanding of the role of stratification and circulation to retain or advect blooms ...
... perspective on the complex structure of HAB populations. In a few cases, these biological parameters have now been combined with hydrodynamic measurements and models to improve understanding of the role of stratification and circulation to retain or advect blooms ...
OIKOS Finland conference for Ecologists and Evolutionary Biologists
... spiny forest, even if deforestation had overall diminished, the pressure on reference areas used to compare PAs seemed to have increased showing that PAs have indeed a mitigation effect and thus increased in effectiveness in the second time period. Our ...
... spiny forest, even if deforestation had overall diminished, the pressure on reference areas used to compare PAs seemed to have increased showing that PAs have indeed a mitigation effect and thus increased in effectiveness in the second time period. Our ...
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic
... However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic ...
... However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic ...
Building the bridge between animal movement and population
... While the mechanistic links between animal movement and population dynamics are ecologically obvious, it is much less clear when knowledge of animal movement is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting population dynamics. GPS and other technologies enable detailed tracking of animal location ...
... While the mechanistic links between animal movement and population dynamics are ecologically obvious, it is much less clear when knowledge of animal movement is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting population dynamics. GPS and other technologies enable detailed tracking of animal location ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.