Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping
... Of these, the SMA and preSMA have received considerable attention (e.g. [15!]). But recent work suggests that medial frontal areas may play a more nuanced role in behavioral inhibition that will be discussed below. Meanwhile, as reviewed above, FEF and SC contain neurons with the connectivity and pa ...
... Of these, the SMA and preSMA have received considerable attention (e.g. [15!]). But recent work suggests that medial frontal areas may play a more nuanced role in behavioral inhibition that will be discussed below. Meanwhile, as reviewed above, FEF and SC contain neurons with the connectivity and pa ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... (e.g., Meerlo et al., 1999; but see Kosten et al., 2005). However, to our knowledge, the effects of maternal separation on learning and unlearning of conditioned fear and the corticolimbic structures mediating these behaviors have not been assessed. The neural substrates for acquisition of condition ...
... (e.g., Meerlo et al., 1999; but see Kosten et al., 2005). However, to our knowledge, the effects of maternal separation on learning and unlearning of conditioned fear and the corticolimbic structures mediating these behaviors have not been assessed. The neural substrates for acquisition of condition ...
Functional Sub-regions for Optic Flow Processing in the
... We used a variety of stimuli to characterize the cells’ sensitivity to optic f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise o ...
... We used a variety of stimuli to characterize the cells’ sensitivity to optic f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise o ...
Avoidance Conditioning
... 1. Stimulus-Outcome: Warning signal leads to shock if there is no response. 2. Response-Outcome: Avoidance response leads to safety (no shock). To weaken avoidance response, these expectancies must be weakened through disconfirmation. Avoidance response keeps going because Expectancy #1 not tested a ...
... 1. Stimulus-Outcome: Warning signal leads to shock if there is no response. 2. Response-Outcome: Avoidance response leads to safety (no shock). To weaken avoidance response, these expectancies must be weakened through disconfirmation. Avoidance response keeps going because Expectancy #1 not tested a ...
Location of the polysensory zone in the precentral gyrus
... 1999). Almost all of these sensory responses emphasize the space on or near the monkey’s body. The bimodal, visual-tactile neurons respond to a touch on the arm or face and also to the sight of objects in the space near the tactile receptive field, within about 20 cm (Rizzolatti et al. 1981; Gentilu ...
... 1999). Almost all of these sensory responses emphasize the space on or near the monkey’s body. The bimodal, visual-tactile neurons respond to a touch on the arm or face and also to the sight of objects in the space near the tactile receptive field, within about 20 cm (Rizzolatti et al. 1981; Gentilu ...
Suzuki and Eichenbaum, 2000
... all projections (except those between the different subregions of the hippocampal formation) are strongly reciprocal. For example, the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices not only have strong and reciprocal connections with the entorhinal cortex, but also have weaker interconnections with the CA ...
... all projections (except those between the different subregions of the hippocampal formation) are strongly reciprocal. For example, the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices not only have strong and reciprocal connections with the entorhinal cortex, but also have weaker interconnections with the CA ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... presented. In experiments involving animals, the feedback is usually an appetitive stimulus (for example, food) or aversive stimulus (for example, footshock). In experiments that involve human participants, the feedback may take various forms, including verbal reward, gaining ‘points’ , and so on. ...
... presented. In experiments involving animals, the feedback is usually an appetitive stimulus (for example, food) or aversive stimulus (for example, footshock). In experiments that involve human participants, the feedback may take various forms, including verbal reward, gaining ‘points’ , and so on. ...
Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the
... remains unexplored. Evidence from congenitally blind humans indicates the involvement of visual cortex in non-visual tasks (refs 13, 14; see also 15, 16), but the pathways that may mediate such plasticity are unknown. We have tested whether sensory inputs can shape the perceptual modality of a corti ...
... remains unexplored. Evidence from congenitally blind humans indicates the involvement of visual cortex in non-visual tasks (refs 13, 14; see also 15, 16), but the pathways that may mediate such plasticity are unknown. We have tested whether sensory inputs can shape the perceptual modality of a corti ...
PDF
... domain, the mossy fiber endings. Mossy fibers are large, vesicle-filled terminals that are surrounded by postsynaptic dendrites and are distributed in granule cell areas of both the cerebellum (Mugnaini, 1972; Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974) and the cochlear nucleus (McDonald and Rasmussen, 1971; Mugnai ...
... domain, the mossy fiber endings. Mossy fibers are large, vesicle-filled terminals that are surrounded by postsynaptic dendrites and are distributed in granule cell areas of both the cerebellum (Mugnaini, 1972; Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974) and the cochlear nucleus (McDonald and Rasmussen, 1971; Mugnai ...
Code-specific policy gradient rules for spiking neurons
... This learning rule has structural similarities with the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM) rule [2]: The integral term has the structure of an eligibility trace that is driven by a simple Hebbian learning rule. In addition, learning is modulated by a factor that compares the current spike count (“rate”) ...
... This learning rule has structural similarities with the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM) rule [2]: The integral term has the structure of an eligibility trace that is driven by a simple Hebbian learning rule. In addition, learning is modulated by a factor that compares the current spike count (“rate”) ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... cortex to form longitudinal injections sites (2–3 mm) primarily restricted to the cortical gray matter. The smallest injection was the DY injection in M85RH (0.05 l). In the other single injections, 0.2– 0.3 l of tracer were delivered. In one case (BB270) multiple injections were made and a total ...
... cortex to form longitudinal injections sites (2–3 mm) primarily restricted to the cortical gray matter. The smallest injection was the DY injection in M85RH (0.05 l). In the other single injections, 0.2– 0.3 l of tracer were delivered. In one case (BB270) multiple injections were made and a total ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of multiple Go stimulus variants (i.e., any letter that was not an ‘X’) versus only a s ...
... increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of multiple Go stimulus variants (i.e., any letter that was not an ‘X’) versus only a s ...
Physiological Psychology
... The nervous system can be simply described as collection of neurons which are arranged to work in a coordinated function. One of the most important functions of the nervous system is to process incoming information in such a way that appropriate mental and motor responses will occur. The nervous sys ...
... The nervous system can be simply described as collection of neurons which are arranged to work in a coordinated function. One of the most important functions of the nervous system is to process incoming information in such a way that appropriate mental and motor responses will occur. The nervous sys ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... stimulation of either the PRC (both areas 36 and 35) or the POR does not induce population responses in the ERC (Gnatkovsky et al., 2004; Biella et al., 2002a). Similarly, stimulation of the temporal neocortex in vivo and in the isolated guinea pig brain induced local field responses in the PRC, but ...
... stimulation of either the PRC (both areas 36 and 35) or the POR does not induce population responses in the ERC (Gnatkovsky et al., 2004; Biella et al., 2002a). Similarly, stimulation of the temporal neocortex in vivo and in the isolated guinea pig brain induced local field responses in the PRC, but ...
Hebbian learning - Computer Science | SIU
... Architecture of the Kohonen Network y1 x1 y2 x2 y3 Input layer ...
... Architecture of the Kohonen Network y1 x1 y2 x2 y3 Input layer ...
Exam 5 Study Guide-sp2016
... peripheral nervous system; sensory nervous system, including somatic and visceral systems; motor nervous system, including somatic and autonomic systems. Explain the structure of an idealized neuron, including the functions of all the parts: cell body, dendrites, dendritic spines, axon hillock, axon ...
... peripheral nervous system; sensory nervous system, including somatic and visceral systems; motor nervous system, including somatic and autonomic systems. Explain the structure of an idealized neuron, including the functions of all the parts: cell body, dendrites, dendritic spines, axon hillock, axon ...
Neurotic Overview
... b. Gliosis: chronic proliferation of astrocyte processes glial scar, common in MS c. Cavitation: occurs w/ significant neuron/glia loss; cavity filled w/ interstitial fluid and lined by gliotic brain tissue d. Metabolic Astrocytosis (aka Alzheimers type 2): proliferation/enlargement of gray matter ...
... b. Gliosis: chronic proliferation of astrocyte processes glial scar, common in MS c. Cavitation: occurs w/ significant neuron/glia loss; cavity filled w/ interstitial fluid and lined by gliotic brain tissue d. Metabolic Astrocytosis (aka Alzheimers type 2): proliferation/enlargement of gray matter ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by
... website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial ...
... website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial ...
The Role of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Decision Making
... 2005; Volz et al. 2006), reinforcement learning, or choice tasks (reviewed in O’Doherty 2004; Montague et al. 2006). However, both single-unit and fMRI studies have found that many other areas of the brain, including midbrain nuclei, striatum, parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also ...
... 2005; Volz et al. 2006), reinforcement learning, or choice tasks (reviewed in O’Doherty 2004; Montague et al. 2006). However, both single-unit and fMRI studies have found that many other areas of the brain, including midbrain nuclei, striatum, parietal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... Strick, 2006; Sanes et al., 1995; Schieber and Hibbard, 1993). One possible explanation for the overlapping nature of the map is that the function of motor cortex may be to coordinate among muscles and joints that are commonly used together. In support of this view, when cats and monkeys are infants ...
... Strick, 2006; Sanes et al., 1995; Schieber and Hibbard, 1993). One possible explanation for the overlapping nature of the map is that the function of motor cortex may be to coordinate among muscles and joints that are commonly used together. In support of this view, when cats and monkeys are infants ...
SfN 2010 - Albion College
... • Ratner, S. C., & Miller, K. (1959). Classical conditioning in earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 102–105. [CS(vibration) — US(light); CR: rearing and withdrawal] • Ratner, S. C., & Miller, K. (1959). Effects of spacing of training and ganglio ...
... • Ratner, S. C., & Miller, K. (1959). Classical conditioning in earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 52, 102–105. [CS(vibration) — US(light); CR: rearing and withdrawal] • Ratner, S. C., & Miller, K. (1959). Effects of spacing of training and ganglio ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
... activity, and effects of changing sound pressure level (SPL). It is not clear, however, to what extent these apparent differences are due to species differences or recording methodology because in only one case (Bakin et al. 1996) were optical images verified with electrophysiological recording. For ...
Modelling the Grid-like Encoding of Visual Space
... The majority of conventional grid cell models rely on mechanisms that directly integrate information on the velocity and direction of an animal into a periodic representation of the animal’s location (Kerdels, 2016). As a consequence, the particular models do not generalize well, i.e., they can not ...
... The majority of conventional grid cell models rely on mechanisms that directly integrate information on the velocity and direction of an animal into a periodic representation of the animal’s location (Kerdels, 2016). As a consequence, the particular models do not generalize well, i.e., they can not ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...