vocabulary - anatomy and physiology one
... Name the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue. Name the cranial nerves involved in speech. Name the foramina the olfactory nerve must pass through to reach the brain. Name the foramen the optic nerve must pass through to reach the brain. Name the fissure the oculomotor nerve must pass through t ...
... Name the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue. Name the cranial nerves involved in speech. Name the foramina the olfactory nerve must pass through to reach the brain. Name the foramen the optic nerve must pass through to reach the brain. Name the fissure the oculomotor nerve must pass through t ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... The purpose of this review is to consider several kinds of neural models that have been proposed to account for repetition suppression (RS). We focus primarily on studies using visually presented objects and their effects on the ventral object processing stream, to maximize overlap between monkey an ...
... The purpose of this review is to consider several kinds of neural models that have been proposed to account for repetition suppression (RS). We focus primarily on studies using visually presented objects and their effects on the ventral object processing stream, to maximize overlap between monkey an ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... The purpose of this review is to consider several kinds of neural models that have been proposed to account for repetition suppression (RS). We focus primarily on studies using visually presented objects and their effects on the ventral object processing stream, to maximize overlap between monkey an ...
... The purpose of this review is to consider several kinds of neural models that have been proposed to account for repetition suppression (RS). We focus primarily on studies using visually presented objects and their effects on the ventral object processing stream, to maximize overlap between monkey an ...
Supplementary Information - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... cell with the largest firing rate) versus contrast, denoted RLGN, is well fit by ...
... cell with the largest firing rate) versus contrast, denoted RLGN, is well fit by ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... were estimated and an approximately matching still frame of a disk was generated. This frame was compared with the corresponding frame of the natural video by overlaying the two frames using Adobe Premiere 6.0 software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). The position and size of the disk were then adjust ...
... were estimated and an approximately matching still frame of a disk was generated. This frame was compared with the corresponding frame of the natural video by overlaying the two frames using Adobe Premiere 6.0 software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). The position and size of the disk were then adjust ...
- Wiley Online Library
... inspired computational model of interactive skill learning Wai-Tat Fu,1∗ Hyunkyu Lee,1 Walter R. Boot2 and Arthur F. Kramer1 This article reviews recent empirical and brain imaging data on effects of cognitive training methods on complex interactive skill learning, and presents a neurally inspired c ...
... inspired computational model of interactive skill learning Wai-Tat Fu,1∗ Hyunkyu Lee,1 Walter R. Boot2 and Arthur F. Kramer1 This article reviews recent empirical and brain imaging data on effects of cognitive training methods on complex interactive skill learning, and presents a neurally inspired c ...
PDF only
... To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to consistently characterize the expression of the EP1 receptor in different areas of the rat brain. It is important to mention that compared to all of the other brain regions examined, levels of EP1 protein were the highest in the cerebellum. Th ...
... To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to consistently characterize the expression of the EP1 receptor in different areas of the rat brain. It is important to mention that compared to all of the other brain regions examined, levels of EP1 protein were the highest in the cerebellum. Th ...
Reticular Formation
... that project to the medial part of the ventral horn to affect muscle tone. In general, pontine reticulospinals are excitatory, and medullary reticulospinals are inhibitory, on spinal motoneurons; particularly those in the medial ventral horn. ...
... that project to the medial part of the ventral horn to affect muscle tone. In general, pontine reticulospinals are excitatory, and medullary reticulospinals are inhibitory, on spinal motoneurons; particularly those in the medial ventral horn. ...
Principles of Neural Science
... THE BASAL GANGLIA CONSIST of four nuclei, portions of which play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Unlike most other components of the motor system, however, they do not have direct input or output connections with the spinal cord. These nuclei receive their primary input from the cerebral ...
... THE BASAL GANGLIA CONSIST of four nuclei, portions of which play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Unlike most other components of the motor system, however, they do not have direct input or output connections with the spinal cord. These nuclei receive their primary input from the cerebral ...
WHEN THE visual cortex in the occipital lobe is electrically
... We were able to elicit phosphenes by intracortical stimulations within the subject's central 2" of visual field against both this epileptiform background 'light' and the normal. visual input from the retina which appeared to have remained unaffected. No epileptiform activity was experienced by the o ...
... We were able to elicit phosphenes by intracortical stimulations within the subject's central 2" of visual field against both this epileptiform background 'light' and the normal. visual input from the retina which appeared to have remained unaffected. No epileptiform activity was experienced by the o ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... parietal and frontal lobes reached to target. The slide shows where he was fixating, and where his head was oriented, as well as the errors that he made as he reached to targets either on the right side of the board or the left side (the two white spots to the right or left of center dark spot). Whe ...
... parietal and frontal lobes reached to target. The slide shows where he was fixating, and where his head was oriented, as well as the errors that he made as he reached to targets either on the right side of the board or the left side (the two white spots to the right or left of center dark spot). Whe ...
Sample pages PDF
... sulci, (Latin: ‘‘furrows’’, sg. sulcus). The deeper furrows which delineate the lobes are called fissures. In general, these fissures vary little from one individual to another. For example, the central, or Rolando’s, separates between the frontal lobe, in front and the parietal lobe, in back. The l ...
... sulci, (Latin: ‘‘furrows’’, sg. sulcus). The deeper furrows which delineate the lobes are called fissures. In general, these fissures vary little from one individual to another. For example, the central, or Rolando’s, separates between the frontal lobe, in front and the parietal lobe, in back. The l ...
Full Text PDF - J
... mouse brain. GCP-WD and CDK5RAP2 are well known γtubulin-recruiting proteins that are localized at the centrosome in general interphase cells and bind to γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) [5, 9, 18]. GCP-WD and CDK5RAP2, together with many kinds of kinases, make γTuRC change conformation so that the co ...
... mouse brain. GCP-WD and CDK5RAP2 are well known γtubulin-recruiting proteins that are localized at the centrosome in general interphase cells and bind to γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) [5, 9, 18]. GCP-WD and CDK5RAP2, together with many kinds of kinases, make γTuRC change conformation so that the co ...
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition
... Brainstem (cont’d.) • Midbrain – Ventral cerebral peduncles: convey impulses from cortex to pons and spinal cord – Dorsal tectum: reflex center – Controls movement of head and eyeball (visual stimuli) – Controls movement of head and trunk (auditory stimuli) ...
... Brainstem (cont’d.) • Midbrain – Ventral cerebral peduncles: convey impulses from cortex to pons and spinal cord – Dorsal tectum: reflex center – Controls movement of head and eyeball (visual stimuli) – Controls movement of head and trunk (auditory stimuli) ...
download file
... aspects of auditory experiences [24,35,46]. Via the amygdalar pathway, neutral sensory stimuli (tones 20–80 dB, conditioned stimulus, CS) acquire the ability to elicit fear responses after being paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (footshock, US) [36]. The amygdaloid complex projects to s ...
... aspects of auditory experiences [24,35,46]. Via the amygdalar pathway, neutral sensory stimuli (tones 20–80 dB, conditioned stimulus, CS) acquire the ability to elicit fear responses after being paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (footshock, US) [36]. The amygdaloid complex projects to s ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... imposed in the cortical network by visual experience and the final structure of the RF. To address the possibility of a causal relationship more explicitly, we have attempted to demonstrate that imposed changes in the relative weight of ‘on’ and ‘off’ responses during the time of recording of a sing ...
... imposed in the cortical network by visual experience and the final structure of the RF. To address the possibility of a causal relationship more explicitly, we have attempted to demonstrate that imposed changes in the relative weight of ‘on’ and ‘off’ responses during the time of recording of a sing ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... discrimination.3JI'81'94 Because of its anatomic connections and physiologic properties, the dorsolateral cortex has hitherto been considered as a large polymodal region. However, very few dorsolateral neurons are truly polysensory, with the majority responding either to visual or auditory stimuli, ...
... discrimination.3JI'81'94 Because of its anatomic connections and physiologic properties, the dorsolateral cortex has hitherto been considered as a large polymodal region. However, very few dorsolateral neurons are truly polysensory, with the majority responding either to visual or auditory stimuli, ...
Localization of Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporter (GLYT2
... frozen sections revealed caudal-rostrai gradient of GLYT2 distribution with massive accumulation in the spinal cord, brainstem, and less in the cerebellum . Immunereactivity was detected in processes with varicosities but not cell bodies . A correlation was observed between the pattern we obtained a ...
... frozen sections revealed caudal-rostrai gradient of GLYT2 distribution with massive accumulation in the spinal cord, brainstem, and less in the cerebellum . Immunereactivity was detected in processes with varicosities but not cell bodies . A correlation was observed between the pattern we obtained a ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... and freezing responses across seconds, in which each point in the correlation was composed by the average PL activity and the average freezing for a given 3 s bin (22 bins in total: 2 pretone bins, 10 tone bins, and 10 post-tone bins). Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of sp ...
... and freezing responses across seconds, in which each point in the correlation was composed by the average PL activity and the average freezing for a given 3 s bin (22 bins in total: 2 pretone bins, 10 tone bins, and 10 post-tone bins). Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of sp ...
Chapter 14 Lecture Outline
... Introduction • The human brain is extremely complex • Brain function is associated clinically with what it means to be alive or dead • Importance of the brain hasn’t always been well understood – Aristotle thought brain just cooled blood – But Hippocrates (earlier) had more accurate view of brain’s ...
... Introduction • The human brain is extremely complex • Brain function is associated clinically with what it means to be alive or dead • Importance of the brain hasn’t always been well understood – Aristotle thought brain just cooled blood – But Hippocrates (earlier) had more accurate view of brain’s ...
ch14_lecture - Napa Valley College
... Introduction • The human brain is extremely complex • Brain function is associated clinically with what it means to be alive or dead • Importance of the brain hasn’t always been well understood – Aristotle thought brain just cooled blood – But Hippocrates (earlier) had more accurate view of brain’s ...
... Introduction • The human brain is extremely complex • Brain function is associated clinically with what it means to be alive or dead • Importance of the brain hasn’t always been well understood – Aristotle thought brain just cooled blood – But Hippocrates (earlier) had more accurate view of brain’s ...
Laminar Differences in Dendritic Structure of Pyramidal Neurons in
... less spinous, than those of the granular prefrontal cortex (Lund et al. 1993; Elston et al. 2001; Jacobs et al. 2001; Elston and Rockland 2002; Elston et al. 2011; Bianchi et al. 2013; Oga et al. 2013). Regional variations in pyramidal cell structure have also been reported in mice, although a lower ...
... less spinous, than those of the granular prefrontal cortex (Lund et al. 1993; Elston et al. 2001; Jacobs et al. 2001; Elston and Rockland 2002; Elston et al. 2011; Bianchi et al. 2013; Oga et al. 2013). Regional variations in pyramidal cell structure have also been reported in mice, although a lower ...
Bypassing V1: a direct geniculate input to area MT
... retina via the LGN to V1. From V1, output is distributed to a panoply of higher extrastriate cortical areas. Historically, these regions were defined as ‘higher’ because they were not thought to receive direct geniculate input. In humans, loss of V1 devastates eyesight by cutting off the flow of vis ...
... retina via the LGN to V1. From V1, output is distributed to a panoply of higher extrastriate cortical areas. Historically, these regions were defined as ‘higher’ because they were not thought to receive direct geniculate input. In humans, loss of V1 devastates eyesight by cutting off the flow of vis ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... Key words: forward suppression, adaptation, spectrotemporal context, cortex, interneurons Abstract Cortical responses to repeated stimuli are highly dynamic and rapidly adaptive. Such rapid changes are prominent in all sensory cortices, across which many aspects of circuitry are conserved. As an exa ...
... Key words: forward suppression, adaptation, spectrotemporal context, cortex, interneurons Abstract Cortical responses to repeated stimuli are highly dynamic and rapidly adaptive. Such rapid changes are prominent in all sensory cortices, across which many aspects of circuitry are conserved. As an exa ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... magnetoencephalography (Nishitani and Hari, 2000). What specific aspects of an action are encoded by the mirror system? Single-unit studies in the monkey suggest that cortical representations of an action are organized around the goal or target of that action. Many F5 neurons become active during ac ...
... magnetoencephalography (Nishitani and Hari, 2000). What specific aspects of an action are encoded by the mirror system? Single-unit studies in the monkey suggest that cortical representations of an action are organized around the goal or target of that action. Many F5 neurons become active during ac ...