PDF - Bentham Open
... When the response is decreased over time (over repeated trials), it is called “habituation;” the reflex is habituated to the stimulus, i.e., it becomes less sensitive. When the reflex is habituated to the stimulus, it leads to a smaller response amplitude. Thus, habituation is sometimes called “dese ...
... When the response is decreased over time (over repeated trials), it is called “habituation;” the reflex is habituated to the stimulus, i.e., it becomes less sensitive. When the reflex is habituated to the stimulus, it leads to a smaller response amplitude. Thus, habituation is sometimes called “dese ...
Insula and Orbitofrontal Cortical Morphology in Substance
... have not been entirely consistent. No difference in cortical volume was observed in a study of 16 drug users18 or in another study of 34 cocaine-dependent subjects,19 compared with controls. One possibility for equivocal results may be methodologic. Many prior studies used voxel-based morphometry, ...
... have not been entirely consistent. No difference in cortical volume was observed in a study of 16 drug users18 or in another study of 34 cocaine-dependent subjects,19 compared with controls. One possibility for equivocal results may be methodologic. Many prior studies used voxel-based morphometry, ...
presentation source
... – choreiform movements--rapid, irrregular flow of motion associated with fingers, arms and facial muscles; effects can include: “piano-playing” fexion-extension movements of the fingers, elevation and depression of the shoulders and hips, crossing and uncrossing of the legs, and grimacing movements ...
... – choreiform movements--rapid, irrregular flow of motion associated with fingers, arms and facial muscles; effects can include: “piano-playing” fexion-extension movements of the fingers, elevation and depression of the shoulders and hips, crossing and uncrossing of the legs, and grimacing movements ...
Development of the human cerebral cortex: Boulder Committee
... and fate of its constituent cells. All neurons and macroglia of the central nervous system can be derived from these developmental zones. Thus, the committee recommended names for each of the transient embryonic cellular compartments (or ‘zones’) and gave their interpretation of the major developmen ...
... and fate of its constituent cells. All neurons and macroglia of the central nervous system can be derived from these developmental zones. Thus, the committee recommended names for each of the transient embryonic cellular compartments (or ‘zones’) and gave their interpretation of the major developmen ...
Brainwaves ("40 Hz") Research
... progressively more complex features of objects. This scheme, however, is inflexible and inefficient. Conjunctions of more and more combinations of "low-level" features are needed to define progressively "higher level" features. It is difficult to see how such a scheme copes with the vast range of ob ...
... progressively more complex features of objects. This scheme, however, is inflexible and inefficient. Conjunctions of more and more combinations of "low-level" features are needed to define progressively "higher level" features. It is difficult to see how such a scheme copes with the vast range of ob ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... as it pertains to stereological methods and data collection for frozen sections was reported by Carlo and Stevens. As we used frozen sections, we did not use guard zones (Carlo & Stevens 2011). This brings up an issue of over-counting. We were careful to address this potential issue by marking nucle ...
... as it pertains to stereological methods and data collection for frozen sections was reported by Carlo and Stevens. As we used frozen sections, we did not use guard zones (Carlo & Stevens 2011). This brings up an issue of over-counting. We were careful to address this potential issue by marking nucle ...
Emx1/2 and neocorticogenesis - Development
... has split into the marginal zone and the subplate. Subsequently, the cortical plate is formed between these regions by migration of differentiated neurons through the subplate. Projection neurons that are born in the ventricular zone migrate radially and accumulate in the cortical plate. At this jun ...
... has split into the marginal zone and the subplate. Subsequently, the cortical plate is formed between these regions by migration of differentiated neurons through the subplate. Projection neurons that are born in the ventricular zone migrate radially and accumulate in the cortical plate. At this jun ...
Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
... projecting to the same cell. Following a small number of pairings, the initially weak synaptic input is potentiated. This potentiation is not seen when an equal number of the weak and strong inputs are presented in an unpaired fashion. In the CAI region of the hippocampus, activation of the weak inp ...
Regular Spiking and Intrinsic Bursting Pyramidal Cells
... spared row whiskers for the same cells. Responses of spared surround whiskers were ordered from greatest to smallest for each cell (i.e., S1, S2, . S8) before averaging the responses across cells. The only cells showing clear and significant potentiation in response to D-row deprivation were located ...
... spared row whiskers for the same cells. Responses of spared surround whiskers were ordered from greatest to smallest for each cell (i.e., S1, S2, . S8) before averaging the responses across cells. The only cells showing clear and significant potentiation in response to D-row deprivation were located ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... from West to Center, but also from Center to East. If there were only one population for both input and output, the network would map all inputs to every output. But with distinct populations of input and output populations, it is possible to make these mappings distinct. Minicolumn structure was ch ...
... from West to Center, but also from Center to East. If there were only one population for both input and output, the network would map all inputs to every output. But with distinct populations of input and output populations, it is possible to make these mappings distinct. Minicolumn structure was ch ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... neurons in the other; by activating many cortico-cortical projections, some of which might converge at the single neuron level, it was anticipated that signs of F5-M1 synaptic connections might be easier to detect. Therefore, we adapted the technique used by Umilta et al. (2007) to allow us to look ...
... neurons in the other; by activating many cortico-cortical projections, some of which might converge at the single neuron level, it was anticipated that signs of F5-M1 synaptic connections might be easier to detect. Therefore, we adapted the technique used by Umilta et al. (2007) to allow us to look ...
A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on
... based on the in situ hybridization data. Furthermore, the identification of Gscl expression in a small population of neurons in the IPN suggests a functional role for Gscl that has not been tested in any of the studies done to assess the consequences of loss of Gscl function in vivo. For example, lo ...
... based on the in situ hybridization data. Furthermore, the identification of Gscl expression in a small population of neurons in the IPN suggests a functional role for Gscl that has not been tested in any of the studies done to assess the consequences of loss of Gscl function in vivo. For example, lo ...
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
... speech sounds can be thought of as ellipses in frequency space. Even in infants, the system that perceives speech is designed to be flexible so that it can “hear through” variations in the signal to identity a consonant or vowel. This flexibility allows a very reduced description of speech to be rec ...
... speech sounds can be thought of as ellipses in frequency space. Even in infants, the system that perceives speech is designed to be flexible so that it can “hear through” variations in the signal to identity a consonant or vowel. This flexibility allows a very reduced description of speech to be rec ...
Tom`s JSNC2000 paper
... any changes that do occur as a result of experience within the virtual environments we create are similar to the changes one would expect to see from phenomena reflecting some basic forms of learning such as sensitization or habituation, stimulus generalization, or perhaps even classical conditionin ...
... any changes that do occur as a result of experience within the virtual environments we create are similar to the changes one would expect to see from phenomena reflecting some basic forms of learning such as sensitization or habituation, stimulus generalization, or perhaps even classical conditionin ...
download file
... Experiments in mammalian sensory cortex have shown that large populations of neurons can be substantially reorganized when required to learn novel stimuli and adapt to changing situations. The expression and implementation of this representational plasticity depends on the statistics of specific inpu ...
... Experiments in mammalian sensory cortex have shown that large populations of neurons can be substantially reorganized when required to learn novel stimuli and adapt to changing situations. The expression and implementation of this representational plasticity depends on the statistics of specific inpu ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... we recorded neuronal activity in monkeys before and after training on a task that required visual working memory. After the subjects learned to perform the task, we observed activation of more prefrontal neurons and increased activity during working memory maintenance. The working memory--related in ...
... we recorded neuronal activity in monkeys before and after training on a task that required visual working memory. After the subjects learned to perform the task, we observed activation of more prefrontal neurons and increased activity during working memory maintenance. The working memory--related in ...
laboratory manual - Neuroanatomy - University of Illinois at Chicago
... rinsing the brain in tap water, you will remove some of the powerful formalin fumes experienced when viewing the brain. You may rinse again during the lab session. Do not throw pieces of human tissue into the sink or waste paper basket. Any blood vessels, meninges or pieces of brain removed from the ...
... rinsing the brain in tap water, you will remove some of the powerful formalin fumes experienced when viewing the brain. You may rinse again during the lab session. Do not throw pieces of human tissue into the sink or waste paper basket. Any blood vessels, meninges or pieces of brain removed from the ...
PDF file
... Fig. 1. For biological plausibility, assume that the signals through the lines are non-negative signals that indicate the firing rate. Two types of synaptic connections are possible, excitatory and inhibitory. This is a recurrent network. The output from each layer is not only used as input for the ...
... Fig. 1. For biological plausibility, assume that the signals through the lines are non-negative signals that indicate the firing rate. Two types of synaptic connections are possible, excitatory and inhibitory. This is a recurrent network. The output from each layer is not only used as input for the ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
... stimuli in the form of a decrease of amplitude in the steady-state response begins at rates between Z/sec and 100/sec. For rates between 100/sec and 400/sec, wherein the peripheral responses are still synchronized with the stimulus frequency, only the first few (1-3) responses are larger in size tha ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping the cell’s RF intracellularly with flashed spots, and found that the voltage response to a drifting sinusoidal l ...
... inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping the cell’s RF intracellularly with flashed spots, and found that the voltage response to a drifting sinusoidal l ...
neurology_lec11_24_4_2011
... Check the slides along with the sheet. -transition between any section and the subsequent one is gradual, but Rather new structures start to appear and others disappear gradually. -There is no typical section that shows all the structures together; that Doesn’t mean that they are not present togethe ...
... Check the slides along with the sheet. -transition between any section and the subsequent one is gradual, but Rather new structures start to appear and others disappear gradually. -There is no typical section that shows all the structures together; that Doesn’t mean that they are not present togethe ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... Pheromones are chemical factors that trigger social responses in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others. They are known to be used especially by insects. No pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence ...
... Pheromones are chemical factors that trigger social responses in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others. They are known to be used especially by insects. No pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence ...
Fig. 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... TGGGTACACGG-3⬘, respectively. For Southern blotting with the 5⬘ and 3⬘ probes, genomic DNA was digested with EcoRV or AseI for the 5⬘ and 3⬘ probes, respectively. A positive embryonic stem cell clone was used for blastocyst injections, and this resulted in two male chimeric mice that gave germ-line ...
... TGGGTACACGG-3⬘, respectively. For Southern blotting with the 5⬘ and 3⬘ probes, genomic DNA was digested with EcoRV or AseI for the 5⬘ and 3⬘ probes, respectively. A positive embryonic stem cell clone was used for blastocyst injections, and this resulted in two male chimeric mice that gave germ-line ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... spontaneously. We suggest that such packets constitute the basic building blocks of cortical coding. Neurons are capable of generating spikes with great temporal precision1. Spike-timing is thought to be important for information processing in a large number of cortical areas (including visual2,3, a ...
... spontaneously. We suggest that such packets constitute the basic building blocks of cortical coding. Neurons are capable of generating spikes with great temporal precision1. Spike-timing is thought to be important for information processing in a large number of cortical areas (including visual2,3, a ...