The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... order to estimate the voluntary EMG onset latency of the individual distributions (see Burle et al., 2002). There were two sessions, an experimental session and a sham session, each ran on a different day. In the experimental session, five blocks were, respectively, performed in short and long forepe ...
... order to estimate the voluntary EMG onset latency of the individual distributions (see Burle et al., 2002). There were two sessions, an experimental session and a sham session, each ran on a different day. In the experimental session, five blocks were, respectively, performed in short and long forepe ...
Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral
... containing a motor apparatus. From best-fit parameter values, we can examine which portion of the final motor command is represented by the temporal pattern of the instantaneous firing frequency of neurons in some brain region under consideration. If the firing patterns can be well reconstructed by ...
... containing a motor apparatus. From best-fit parameter values, we can examine which portion of the final motor command is represented by the temporal pattern of the instantaneous firing frequency of neurons in some brain region under consideration. If the firing patterns can be well reconstructed by ...
Where Do Features Come From?
... The third and most interesting computation that a Boltzmann machine can perform is to update the weights on the connections in such a way that it is probably slightly more likely to generate all of the datavectors in the training set. Although this is a slow process, it is mathematically very simple ...
... The third and most interesting computation that a Boltzmann machine can perform is to update the weights on the connections in such a way that it is probably slightly more likely to generate all of the datavectors in the training set. Although this is a slow process, it is mathematically very simple ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... and the coincidence-detection schemes. (A) The upper trace shows the membrane potential and action potentials of u simulated neuron performing temporal integration of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). The input is simulated on average as a balanced distribution of excitatory ond inhibitov PSPs(uniform ...
... and the coincidence-detection schemes. (A) The upper trace shows the membrane potential and action potentials of u simulated neuron performing temporal integration of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). The input is simulated on average as a balanced distribution of excitatory ond inhibitov PSPs(uniform ...
Temporary inhibition of AMPA receptors induces a prolonged improvement
... Optical fractionator counts of neuron number revealed that EGIS-8332, as examined 8 days after its injection, had no protective effect on the previously described loss of large projection neurons either in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the thalamus or in the medial deep cerebellar ...
... Optical fractionator counts of neuron number revealed that EGIS-8332, as examined 8 days after its injection, had no protective effect on the previously described loss of large projection neurons either in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the thalamus or in the medial deep cerebellar ...
the superior Olivary complex
... The VNTB houses many MOC neurons and many of these neurons are excited by binaural sound stimulation, consistent with the inputs from both CN. MOC neurons exhibit a slow chopping firing pattern that persists for the duration of the sound (Liberman & Brown, 1986). In contrast, the predominant respons ...
... The VNTB houses many MOC neurons and many of these neurons are excited by binaural sound stimulation, consistent with the inputs from both CN. MOC neurons exhibit a slow chopping firing pattern that persists for the duration of the sound (Liberman & Brown, 1986). In contrast, the predominant respons ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... implanted in one eye. To enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of electrode penetrations and subsequent injections, a plastic grid with 1-mm spacing between adjacent holes (Crist Instrument) was secured inside the recording well. The microelectrodes and injection needles traveled inside 23-gauge ...
... implanted in one eye. To enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of electrode penetrations and subsequent injections, a plastic grid with 1-mm spacing between adjacent holes (Crist Instrument) was secured inside the recording well. The microelectrodes and injection needles traveled inside 23-gauge ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... 1991; Broide et al. 1996). In the auditory system, AChE is expressed by neurons in the ventral division of the MG (MGv) and delineates the extent of their terminal arbors in the middle layers of primary auditory cortex (Robertson et al. 1991). In 15 juvenile rats, slices cut as described to maintain ...
... 1991; Broide et al. 1996). In the auditory system, AChE is expressed by neurons in the ventral division of the MG (MGv) and delineates the extent of their terminal arbors in the middle layers of primary auditory cortex (Robertson et al. 1991). In 15 juvenile rats, slices cut as described to maintain ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... manipulated using spatial and symbolic cues (Ignashchenkova et al. 2004). The pattern of effects depended on the type of neuron (see Figure 2). “Visual” neurons (with visual activity but lacking saccade-related activity) had larger responses to the appearance of the “C” when the location was cued, f ...
... manipulated using spatial and symbolic cues (Ignashchenkova et al. 2004). The pattern of effects depended on the type of neuron (see Figure 2). “Visual” neurons (with visual activity but lacking saccade-related activity) had larger responses to the appearance of the “C” when the location was cued, f ...
A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... that individual V5 neurons carry directional signals of sufficient precision to account for psychophysical sensitivity to motion 4. Furthermore, ablation of V5 impairs task performance5, electrical microstimulation of V5 influences choices in direction discrimination tasks6, and individual V5 neuron ...
... that individual V5 neurons carry directional signals of sufficient precision to account for psychophysical sensitivity to motion 4. Furthermore, ablation of V5 impairs task performance5, electrical microstimulation of V5 influences choices in direction discrimination tasks6, and individual V5 neuron ...
![[PDF]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008803536_1-596eb89655aa0d1d0994e74af33d6baf-300x300.png)
[PDF]
... when a stimulus space that has more than two dimensions is mapped onto the cortical sheet. Optimizing local continuity then becomes a matter of fitting together disparate pieces in the best compromise possible. For example, at the columnar level, the primary visual cortex represents not only the pos ...
... when a stimulus space that has more than two dimensions is mapped onto the cortical sheet. Optimizing local continuity then becomes a matter of fitting together disparate pieces in the best compromise possible. For example, at the columnar level, the primary visual cortex represents not only the pos ...
MODULE 4: MOTOR AND SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS
... control. For example, circuits involving the association cortices in the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and parietal association cortex are crucial for planning and formulation of motor activities. Lesions of these regions can lead to apraxia in which there is a deficit in higher-order m ...
... control. For example, circuits involving the association cortices in the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and parietal association cortex are crucial for planning and formulation of motor activities. Lesions of these regions can lead to apraxia in which there is a deficit in higher-order m ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... The method used to study brain functions depends on the question one likes to answer, given that every method has it advantages and disadvantages. Some methods, like EEG and fMRI have the advantage of being noninvasive. EEG reflects the gradual change in the membrane potential of large populations o ...
... The method used to study brain functions depends on the question one likes to answer, given that every method has it advantages and disadvantages. Some methods, like EEG and fMRI have the advantage of being noninvasive. EEG reflects the gradual change in the membrane potential of large populations o ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... A. Cellular metabolism throughout the body tissues is regulated via thyroid hormones. Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from axonal endings into the portal circulation of the infundibulum (Fig. 7). TRH is c ...
... A. Cellular metabolism throughout the body tissues is regulated via thyroid hormones. Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from axonal endings into the portal circulation of the infundibulum (Fig. 7). TRH is c ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... How is information from the cortex transmitted to the periphery? We used two parallel approaches to map simultaneously multiple pathways to determine if hypothalamic autonomic centres are a key link for orbitofrontal areas and medial prefrontal areas, which have been associated with emotional proces ...
... How is information from the cortex transmitted to the periphery? We used two parallel approaches to map simultaneously multiple pathways to determine if hypothalamic autonomic centres are a key link for orbitofrontal areas and medial prefrontal areas, which have been associated with emotional proces ...
The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced
... (Figures 24.4A and 24.4B), a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also blocks the synaptic potential at the neuromuscular junctions of the octopus arm.34 Hexamethonium also blocked both spontaneous and evoked spiking activity recorded from the large neuron axonal bundles (Figures 24.4B and 24.4D). As ...
... (Figures 24.4A and 24.4B), a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also blocks the synaptic potential at the neuromuscular junctions of the octopus arm.34 Hexamethonium also blocked both spontaneous and evoked spiking activity recorded from the large neuron axonal bundles (Figures 24.4B and 24.4D). As ...
Movement-Related Neuronal Activity Selectively - Research
... FIG. 2. Raster displays of 2 cells with movement-related activity recorded within the motor cortex. Each small tick indicates the occurrence of a single action potential, and each row represents the neuronal activity recorded during 1 trial. Large ticks indicate the times of occurrence of the target ...
... FIG. 2. Raster displays of 2 cells with movement-related activity recorded within the motor cortex. Each small tick indicates the occurrence of a single action potential, and each row represents the neuronal activity recorded during 1 trial. Large ticks indicate the times of occurrence of the target ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... tions of rubrospinal (RST) fibers are to spinal interneurons rather than to motor neurons, and terminations at one spinal level might influence motor neurons at other levels via propriospinal connections (Alstermark et al. 1990; Robinson et al. 1987). The object of the present study was to test the ...
... tions of rubrospinal (RST) fibers are to spinal interneurons rather than to motor neurons, and terminations at one spinal level might influence motor neurons at other levels via propriospinal connections (Alstermark et al. 1990; Robinson et al. 1987). The object of the present study was to test the ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... Major elements in synaptic transmission. An electrochemical wave called an action potential travels along the axon of a neuron. When the wave reaches a synapse, it provokes release of a puff of neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules located in the membrane of the targe ...
... Major elements in synaptic transmission. An electrochemical wave called an action potential travels along the axon of a neuron. When the wave reaches a synapse, it provokes release of a puff of neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules located in the membrane of the targe ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... rat is sufficient to deflect a whisker (Brecht et al., 2004). With respect to sparse coding, the most widely studied sensory system is the visual system. Much of this work, which we discuss below, has been motivated by information theoretic issues. The area also contains a wealth of experimental dat ...
... rat is sufficient to deflect a whisker (Brecht et al., 2004). With respect to sparse coding, the most widely studied sensory system is the visual system. Much of this work, which we discuss below, has been motivated by information theoretic issues. The area also contains a wealth of experimental dat ...
Chapter 5
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
PDF file
... a cortical area, is suited for high-dimensional incremental self-organization of such a rich representation, due to coarse-to-fine competition imbedded by its nearly optimal statistical efficiency (i.e. minimum error in the estimate of the lobe component). In the model presented here, synaptic weigh ...
... a cortical area, is suited for high-dimensional incremental self-organization of such a rich representation, due to coarse-to-fine competition imbedded by its nearly optimal statistical efficiency (i.e. minimum error in the estimate of the lobe component). In the model presented here, synaptic weigh ...
Dexterous Finger Movements in Primate Without Monosynaptic
... vation of neurons with long descending axons. In contrast, on the lesioned side, the direct CS volley was completely abolished (solid line), while the synaptic volley (interrupted line) remained (mediated by descending axons in an intact funicle). Extracellular recordings of field potentials were ma ...
... vation of neurons with long descending axons. In contrast, on the lesioned side, the direct CS volley was completely abolished (solid line), while the synaptic volley (interrupted line) remained (mediated by descending axons in an intact funicle). Extracellular recordings of field potentials were ma ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure the time course of a change in subcortical auditory responses evoked ...
... no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure the time course of a change in subcortical auditory responses evoked ...