Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... teractions may be described in terms of spatial relationships between neurons, as one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might ...
... teractions may be described in terms of spatial relationships between neurons, as one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might ...
D22 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... F-Response and H-Reflex Studies - especially useful in PROXIMAL peripheral neuropathies / radiculopathies (when conventional nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers m ...
... F-Response and H-Reflex Studies - especially useful in PROXIMAL peripheral neuropathies / radiculopathies (when conventional nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers m ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... particularly in behaving animals. However, an important limitation of extracellular recording is that it provides little information about the identity of the neurons generating the spike trains, and therefore provides limited insight into the function of different neuronal populations. Neurons with ...
... particularly in behaving animals. However, an important limitation of extracellular recording is that it provides little information about the identity of the neurons generating the spike trains, and therefore provides limited insight into the function of different neuronal populations. Neurons with ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... Figure 2-8: Rostro-caudal distribution of first- and second-order NBM neurons after injections into area 9L and M1. ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 2-9: Density of third-order neurons labeled after RV injections into area 9L, PrePMd and ...
... Figure 2-8: Rostro-caudal distribution of first- and second-order NBM neurons after injections into area 9L and M1. ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 2-9: Density of third-order neurons labeled after RV injections into area 9L, PrePMd and ...
Disorders of the Spinal Cord
... • lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the anterior horns (grey matter), for each segment, their axons form an anterior spinal root, and project to groups of muscles (the myotome) • sensory neurons in a dorsal root enter the spinal cord (the territory of skin innervated by a segment – a der ...
... • lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the anterior horns (grey matter), for each segment, their axons form an anterior spinal root, and project to groups of muscles (the myotome) • sensory neurons in a dorsal root enter the spinal cord (the territory of skin innervated by a segment – a der ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
VIEW PDF - Glaucoma Today
... Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:465-481. 14. Crawford ML, Harwerth RS, Smith EL 3rd, et al. Experimental glaucoma in primates: changes in cytochrome oxidase blobs in V1 cortex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42 :358364. 15. Lam DY, Kaufman PL, Gabelt BT, et al. Neurochemical correlates of cortical plas ...
... Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:465-481. 14. Crawford ML, Harwerth RS, Smith EL 3rd, et al. Experimental glaucoma in primates: changes in cytochrome oxidase blobs in V1 cortex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42 :358364. 15. Lam DY, Kaufman PL, Gabelt BT, et al. Neurochemical correlates of cortical plas ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Cortical interneuron migration
... invading the DG proper (Fig. 1H), suggesting that the inhibitory effect of DG on GE-GFP cells was likely to be due to a cell surface-associated inhibitory signal, rather than a diffusible signal. To determine the specificity of cell migration out of the GE, we carried out co-culture experiments in w ...
... invading the DG proper (Fig. 1H), suggesting that the inhibitory effect of DG on GE-GFP cells was likely to be due to a cell surface-associated inhibitory signal, rather than a diffusible signal. To determine the specificity of cell migration out of the GE, we carried out co-culture experiments in w ...
Basal ganglia discharge abnormalities in Parkinson`s disease
... and in the STN are increased in Parkinson’s disease has been generally confirmed in animal models of Parkinson’s disease, and is also supported by recording studies in humans undergoing functional neurosurgery as treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, decreases in discharge in GPi have been fou ...
... and in the STN are increased in Parkinson’s disease has been generally confirmed in animal models of Parkinson’s disease, and is also supported by recording studies in humans undergoing functional neurosurgery as treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, decreases in discharge in GPi have been fou ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... From the analysesof our own and others’ anatomical and physiological data for the macaquevisual system,we arrive at a conclusion that three pathways can provide the Vl neuron with accessto information from the visual tieId and affect its response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of ...
... From the analysesof our own and others’ anatomical and physiological data for the macaquevisual system,we arrive at a conclusion that three pathways can provide the Vl neuron with accessto information from the visual tieId and affect its response.Fit, direct thalamic input can determine the size of ...
Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds
... areas. Later, the same speech sound map cell can be activated to generate the motor commands necessary for producing the sound. Thus, the speech sound map cells are activated both when perceiving a sound and when producing the same sound. Neurons with this property, called mirror neurons, have been ...
... areas. Later, the same speech sound map cell can be activated to generate the motor commands necessary for producing the sound. Thus, the speech sound map cells are activated both when perceiving a sound and when producing the same sound. Neurons with this property, called mirror neurons, have been ...
Reinforcement - Karl Pribram
... Estes, stimulus association. Perhaps in this difference lies the heart of the problem. What happens when experimentally controlled signals are repetitiously presented to an organism in a constant situation? The organism habituates. Habituation has received a good deal of attention £rpm neurophysiolo ...
... Estes, stimulus association. Perhaps in this difference lies the heart of the problem. What happens when experimentally controlled signals are repetitiously presented to an organism in a constant situation? The organism habituates. Habituation has received a good deal of attention £rpm neurophysiolo ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... The German term Gestalt means configuration or form. The central idea of the Gestalt psychologists is that what we see about a stimulus—the perceptual interpretation we make of any visual object—depends not just on the properties of the stimulus but also on its context, on other features in the visu ...
... The German term Gestalt means configuration or form. The central idea of the Gestalt psychologists is that what we see about a stimulus—the perceptual interpretation we make of any visual object—depends not just on the properties of the stimulus but also on its context, on other features in the visu ...
Coefficient of Variation (CV) vs Mean Interspike Interval (ISI) curves
... Dr Guido Bugmann was born in 1953 and has two children. He studied Physics at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. In 1986 he completed a PhD on "Fabrication of photovoltaic solar cells with a-Si:H produced by anodic deposition in a DC plasma". He then worked at the Swiss Federal Institute of Te ...
... Dr Guido Bugmann was born in 1953 and has two children. He studied Physics at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. In 1986 he completed a PhD on "Fabrication of photovoltaic solar cells with a-Si:H produced by anodic deposition in a DC plasma". He then worked at the Swiss Federal Institute of Te ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... distinct granular layer in primary motor cortex calls for some modification of the laminar criteria, but the presence of a cryptic layer 4 [7–9] justifies the treatment of terminal patterns that target the layer 3/5 border zone as forward connections (or backward, if the pattern avoids this zone). S ...
... distinct granular layer in primary motor cortex calls for some modification of the laminar criteria, but the presence of a cryptic layer 4 [7–9] justifies the treatment of terminal patterns that target the layer 3/5 border zone as forward connections (or backward, if the pattern avoids this zone). S ...
Changes in the connections of the main olfactory bulb after mitral
... injections used were small and confined largely to the OB of both PCD and control mice at P120. Seven days after tracer injection, the efferences from the OB and the centrifugal afferences from secondary olfactory structures to it were studied. Although there is a large overlap of their target fields, ...
... injections used were small and confined largely to the OB of both PCD and control mice at P120. Seven days after tracer injection, the efferences from the OB and the centrifugal afferences from secondary olfactory structures to it were studied. Although there is a large overlap of their target fields, ...
Histochemical and lmmunocytochemical Compartments of the
... puncta are highly concentrated in the rods but are dispersed in the matrix. In the matrix, all nonGABA cells are small, immunoreactive for 28-kDa calbindin, and not stained by CAT 301. They appear to form part of a wider system of calbindin-positive cells that extends into adjacent nuclei. The CO ro ...
... puncta are highly concentrated in the rods but are dispersed in the matrix. In the matrix, all nonGABA cells are small, immunoreactive for 28-kDa calbindin, and not stained by CAT 301. They appear to form part of a wider system of calbindin-positive cells that extends into adjacent nuclei. The CO ro ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... behavior of the animal and a reinforcing outcome (independently of behavior). Several psychological processes contribute to learning and instrumental performance (Dickinson, 1994). Behavior of humans and animals is often goal directed and can be flexibly modulated by motivation. Flexible representat ...
... behavior of the animal and a reinforcing outcome (independently of behavior). Several psychological processes contribute to learning and instrumental performance (Dickinson, 1994). Behavior of humans and animals is often goal directed and can be flexibly modulated by motivation. Flexible representat ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... shown that several neural substrates activate in relation to the degree of risk. Among these structures are the orbital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula, inferior parietal cortex and thalamus, predominantly on the right side, and cerebellum predominantly on the left sid ...
... shown that several neural substrates activate in relation to the degree of risk. Among these structures are the orbital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula, inferior parietal cortex and thalamus, predominantly on the right side, and cerebellum predominantly on the left sid ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... (PL) in cognition and their interactions in goal-directed behaviors in the rat. The PL strongly interconnects with a relatively small group of structures that, like PL, subserve cognition, and together have been designated the ‘PL circuit.’ These structures primarily include the hippocampus, insular ...
... (PL) in cognition and their interactions in goal-directed behaviors in the rat. The PL strongly interconnects with a relatively small group of structures that, like PL, subserve cognition, and together have been designated the ‘PL circuit.’ These structures primarily include the hippocampus, insular ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... Voncken and Hofker 2006; Branda and Dymecki 2004; Dymecki and Kim 2007; Joyner and Zervas 2006). An additional benefit from the use of mice in central auditory research came with the identification of the embryonic origin of the auditory hindbrain nuclei. This information immediately expanded the kn ...
... Voncken and Hofker 2006; Branda and Dymecki 2004; Dymecki and Kim 2007; Joyner and Zervas 2006). An additional benefit from the use of mice in central auditory research came with the identification of the embryonic origin of the auditory hindbrain nuclei. This information immediately expanded the kn ...
pdf
... humans (19) and has been found to be associated with auditory attention (1, 20, 41) resulting in top-down modulation of auditory processing (25). This finding was further confirmed by electrophysiological data indicating that tinnitus might occur as the result of a dysfunction in the top-down inhibito ...
... humans (19) and has been found to be associated with auditory attention (1, 20, 41) resulting in top-down modulation of auditory processing (25). This finding was further confirmed by electrophysiological data indicating that tinnitus might occur as the result of a dysfunction in the top-down inhibito ...