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... preferentially to the dorsal and central part of the caudate nucleus, and the ventral part projects to the ventral and central caudate nucleus (293). A topographic connection has been reported in projections from the orbital and medial PFC. The medial PFC preferentially projects to the ventral stria ...
... preferentially to the dorsal and central part of the caudate nucleus, and the ventral part projects to the ventral and central caudate nucleus (293). A topographic connection has been reported in projections from the orbital and medial PFC. The medial PFC preferentially projects to the ventral stria ...
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... and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor re ...
... and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor re ...
Soltis Autism: a Spectrum of Research Abby Soltis Final Draft Senior
... the high affinity receptor were also present in the parietal cortex (Perry et al., 2001). Transversely, there was an increase in binding to the low affinity nicotinic receptor, consisting of the 7 subunit in the same autistic brain samples (Lee et al., 2002). This suggests that altered receptor str ...
... the high affinity receptor were also present in the parietal cortex (Perry et al., 2001). Transversely, there was an increase in binding to the low affinity nicotinic receptor, consisting of the 7 subunit in the same autistic brain samples (Lee et al., 2002). This suggests that altered receptor str ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... critical to determine what features of pyramidal neuron morphology in humans have been uniquely modified in evolution since the last common ancestor shared with great apes. In the current study, we used rapid Golgi staining to quantify differences in the neuromorphology of supragranular pyramidal neu ...
... critical to determine what features of pyramidal neuron morphology in humans have been uniquely modified in evolution since the last common ancestor shared with great apes. In the current study, we used rapid Golgi staining to quantify differences in the neuromorphology of supragranular pyramidal neu ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... processing and behavioral output of the CNS, however, no study has determined the effects of altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio on circuit function and behavior. We used the visual system in Xenopus to probe the postulated function of I/E in brain function. Synaptic inhibition was decreased w ...
... processing and behavioral output of the CNS, however, no study has determined the effects of altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio on circuit function and behavior. We used the visual system in Xenopus to probe the postulated function of I/E in brain function. Synaptic inhibition was decreased w ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... active during a wide range of finger and wrist movements, rather than being narrowly involved with particular movements (e.g., that of a single finger). We recently showed that during pointing, a natural human gesture, activation of shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles involve, at least in part, commo ...
... active during a wide range of finger and wrist movements, rather than being narrowly involved with particular movements (e.g., that of a single finger). We recently showed that during pointing, a natural human gesture, activation of shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles involve, at least in part, commo ...
Schwartz
... and spatial frequency maps were severely disturbed in the region of the focus but were unaltered in the surrounding cortex. Thus, optical imaging of intrinsic signals can be used to simultaneously map epilepsy and normal functional anatomy with high spatial resolution. ...
... and spatial frequency maps were severely disturbed in the region of the focus but were unaltered in the surrounding cortex. Thus, optical imaging of intrinsic signals can be used to simultaneously map epilepsy and normal functional anatomy with high spatial resolution. ...
Acoustic-Motor Reflexes - Neurobiology of Hearing
... •In this class, the importance of such reflexes for the organism is analyzed since they are responsible for protecting the auditory receptor (middle-ear reflexes); for locating the source of the sound (orientation reflex), and for protecting the individual (auditory startle reflex) •The class also a ...
... •In this class, the importance of such reflexes for the organism is analyzed since they are responsible for protecting the auditory receptor (middle-ear reflexes); for locating the source of the sound (orientation reflex), and for protecting the individual (auditory startle reflex) •The class also a ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would not have been as likely to have this emotional response. This in ...
... procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would not have been as likely to have this emotional response. This in ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... motor cortex (120 ms before movement). Interestingly, peri-movement increases in GPi firing have later onset times than peri-movement decreases [36], a point that will be revisited later. The timing of movement-related activity in GPi makes it impossible for GPi output to contribute to processes th ...
... motor cortex (120 ms before movement). Interestingly, peri-movement increases in GPi firing have later onset times than peri-movement decreases [36], a point that will be revisited later. The timing of movement-related activity in GPi makes it impossible for GPi output to contribute to processes th ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... that GA displaces MBP peptides from the MHC class II antigen presentation molecules, inhibiting T cell activation involved in the onset of EAE. Besides its immunomodulatory action, GA may probably exert effects on the nervous tissue itself. Such interactions are currently poorly understood. In the p ...
... that GA displaces MBP peptides from the MHC class II antigen presentation molecules, inhibiting T cell activation involved in the onset of EAE. Besides its immunomodulatory action, GA may probably exert effects on the nervous tissue itself. Such interactions are currently poorly understood. In the p ...
Functional architecture in monkey inferotemporal cortex revealed by
... recording always start at the certain phase of respiration in synchrony with a heartbeat. The visual stimulus was presented 1 s after the start of the recording, and continued for 4 s. The recording ended when the visual stimulus was withdrawn. Five to 28 visual stimuli were combined in one stimulus ...
... recording always start at the certain phase of respiration in synchrony with a heartbeat. The visual stimulus was presented 1 s after the start of the recording, and continued for 4 s. The recording ended when the visual stimulus was withdrawn. Five to 28 visual stimuli were combined in one stimulus ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
... 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), is an IEG-activated effector molecule that can profoundly effect the morphology of developing cortical neurons (McAllister et al., 1995), and has been implicated in formation of ODCs (Cabelli et al., 1995). Other potential activityregulated IEG targets are effector genes ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... The subplate is a region through which growing axons as well as migrating neurons travel. It is thought to function as an early scaffold involved in the formation of connections between thalamus and cortex (Shatz et al, 1988; McConnell et al., 1989; Ghosh and Shatz, 1992a; Allendoerfer and Shatz, 19 ...
... The subplate is a region through which growing axons as well as migrating neurons travel. It is thought to function as an early scaffold involved in the formation of connections between thalamus and cortex (Shatz et al, 1988; McConnell et al., 1989; Ghosh and Shatz, 1992a; Allendoerfer and Shatz, 19 ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... Gaze-holding mechanisms act to prevent slip of images on the retina. Steady gaze-holding is achieved by collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbat ...
... Gaze-holding mechanisms act to prevent slip of images on the retina. Steady gaze-holding is achieved by collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbat ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... each animal was placed in the other goal arm of the same maze. For forced choice training, an animal was placed in the start box, and the door ofonly one goal arm was raised. The pup was rewarded for entering the goal arm. This was repeated for a total of 12 trials, six to the right and six to the l ...
... each animal was placed in the other goal arm of the same maze. For forced choice training, an animal was placed in the start box, and the door ofonly one goal arm was raised. The pup was rewarded for entering the goal arm. This was repeated for a total of 12 trials, six to the right and six to the l ...
Representing the Hyphen in Action–Effect
... According to ideomotor theory, the presentation or anticipation of an effect automatically activates the corresponding action via an associative link, which is retrieved from memory for response generation. Following associative theories on temporal interval learning, we conjecture that the bidirect ...
... According to ideomotor theory, the presentation or anticipation of an effect automatically activates the corresponding action via an associative link, which is retrieved from memory for response generation. Following associative theories on temporal interval learning, we conjecture that the bidirect ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... Subsequent investigations have used a variety of experimental paradigms including a visual spatial attention task [19], presentation of a colorful and dynamic periodic mapping stimulus [11], and a variation of the memoryguided saccade task originally used by Sereno and colleagues [20,21] to characte ...
... Subsequent investigations have used a variety of experimental paradigms including a visual spatial attention task [19], presentation of a colorful and dynamic periodic mapping stimulus [11], and a variation of the memoryguided saccade task originally used by Sereno and colleagues [20,21] to characte ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventrally exhibited certain differences in the thickness and distinctnes ...
... ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventrally exhibited certain differences in the thickness and distinctnes ...
Learning to represent reward structure: A key to adapting to complex
... strongly; the value of an input, ei , is given by V (ei ) = ri + ri+1 + 2 ri+2 + . . ., where rj refers to the numeric in transition at input ej and ␥ is the discount factor, where 0 ≤ ␥ ≤ 1. Even if the value function is defined as such, its actual value is unknown, and it is thus learned in the ...
... strongly; the value of an input, ei , is given by V (ei ) = ri + ri+1 + 2 ri+2 + . . ., where rj refers to the numeric in transition at input ej and ␥ is the discount factor, where 0 ≤ ␥ ≤ 1. Even if the value function is defined as such, its actual value is unknown, and it is thus learned in the ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne ...
... Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is ne ...
Congenital blindness affects diencephalic but not mesencephalic
... individuals. Specifically, the lateral geniculate (i.e., primary visual thalamic relay nucleus) was 40 % reduced (left: p = 4 9 10-6, right: p \ 1 9 10-6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.00 ...
... individuals. Specifically, the lateral geniculate (i.e., primary visual thalamic relay nucleus) was 40 % reduced (left: p = 4 9 10-6, right: p \ 1 9 10-6), consistent with findings from animal studies. In addition, associated thalamic nuclei that project to temporal (left: p = 0.005, right: p = 0.00 ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... For automated ChR2-based motor mapping we chose a relatively collimated 473 nm laser targeted through a simple microscope (Fig. 1a). To check the beam profile as it passes through brain tissue, we directed the beam into the cortical surface of a fixed mouse brain section (Fig. 1b). The beam width (m ...
... For automated ChR2-based motor mapping we chose a relatively collimated 473 nm laser targeted through a simple microscope (Fig. 1a). To check the beam profile as it passes through brain tissue, we directed the beam into the cortical surface of a fixed mouse brain section (Fig. 1b). The beam width (m ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...