NIH Public Access - Rutgers University Department of Psychology
... human behavior, perhaps equally as important as primary reinforcers. In the laboratory, this has been primarily observed during appetitive learning, where secondary reinforcers such as money lead to successful behavioral learning of contingencies, further eliciting activation in similar neural struc ...
... human behavior, perhaps equally as important as primary reinforcers. In the laboratory, this has been primarily observed during appetitive learning, where secondary reinforcers such as money lead to successful behavioral learning of contingencies, further eliciting activation in similar neural struc ...
Alan Peters
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... AbstractöMost functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive pa ...
... AbstractöMost functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive pa ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... The cerebral cortex is never quiet (Fox and Raichle, 2007). Even primary sensory regions are consistently active in the absence of sensory input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, ...
... The cerebral cortex is never quiet (Fox and Raichle, 2007). Even primary sensory regions are consistently active in the absence of sensory input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... direct comparison of these alternative accounts. The primary constraint is that most studies have utilized standard event-related fMRI designs that are well-suited to detecting phasic signal changes associated with relatively short-lived processes, such as momentto-moment control adjustments, but no ...
... direct comparison of these alternative accounts. The primary constraint is that most studies have utilized standard event-related fMRI designs that are well-suited to detecting phasic signal changes associated with relatively short-lived processes, such as momentto-moment control adjustments, but no ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... trol the release of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which appears to provide the primary signaling for critical period window closure (Maffei 2002), is artificially high at a very young cortical age. The pulsing noise itself hypothetically directly generates that correlated activity becaus ...
... trol the release of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which appears to provide the primary signaling for critical period window closure (Maffei 2002), is artificially high at a very young cortical age. The pulsing noise itself hypothetically directly generates that correlated activity becaus ...
Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories: Role of Hippocampus
... of the dentate gyrus (McNaughton and Barnes, 1990; Quirk et al., 1992). The sparse activity patterns in the dentate gyrus represent the features of an individual episodic memory—for example, the learning of a single word in a list learning experiment. Note that these are not semantic representations ...
... of the dentate gyrus (McNaughton and Barnes, 1990; Quirk et al., 1992). The sparse activity patterns in the dentate gyrus represent the features of an individual episodic memory—for example, the learning of a single word in a list learning experiment. Note that these are not semantic representations ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... or in somatosensation (such as loss of tactile sensitivity); they produce deficits in more complex cortical functions including spatial perception and visuomotor integration. Recordings from neurons in this area demonstrate more complex response properties than those found in lower-order sensory are ...
... or in somatosensation (such as loss of tactile sensitivity); they produce deficits in more complex cortical functions including spatial perception and visuomotor integration. Recordings from neurons in this area demonstrate more complex response properties than those found in lower-order sensory are ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... earlier, but has proceeded more slowly than the mapping of the genetic material. In 1881, Munk 11 located the visual cortex in the occipital lobe by making a series of selective lesions in macaque monkeys and observing their post-operative deficits in behavior. After this promising beginning, howeve ...
... earlier, but has proceeded more slowly than the mapping of the genetic material. In 1881, Munk 11 located the visual cortex in the occipital lobe by making a series of selective lesions in macaque monkeys and observing their post-operative deficits in behavior. After this promising beginning, howeve ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... (CTA) which has been described above briefly. More specifically, when ingestion of a substance is followed by malaise manifested by gastrointestinal distress and nausea, an association between the taste of the ingested substance and internal consequences of its ingestion is quickly established, main ...
... (CTA) which has been described above briefly. More specifically, when ingestion of a substance is followed by malaise manifested by gastrointestinal distress and nausea, an association between the taste of the ingested substance and internal consequences of its ingestion is quickly established, main ...
Auris Nasus Larynx 34 (2008) 1-10
... neurons [30] merge with and travel with the efferent cochlear pathway (olivo-cochlear pathway) in the vestibular nerve bas it exits the brainstem (Fig. 14) [31]. ...
... neurons [30] merge with and travel with the efferent cochlear pathway (olivo-cochlear pathway) in the vestibular nerve bas it exits the brainstem (Fig. 14) [31]. ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... Auditory signals are transmitted from the inner ear through the brainstem to the higher auditory regions of the brain. Neurons throughout the auditory system are tuned to stimulus frequency, and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. Th ...
... Auditory signals are transmitted from the inner ear through the brainstem to the higher auditory regions of the brain. Neurons throughout the auditory system are tuned to stimulus frequency, and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. Th ...
Essentials in the neuronal organization of the CNS
... The neuronal organization of the central nervous system provides the backbone to the functional studies of the nervous system. Without the fundamental knowledge of the form, location and connectivity of the neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord, neurological diagnosis would be impossible. Exce ...
... The neuronal organization of the central nervous system provides the backbone to the functional studies of the nervous system. Without the fundamental knowledge of the form, location and connectivity of the neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord, neurological diagnosis would be impossible. Exce ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... lateral plates separated by discontinuities: the medial and lateral plates overlap the dorsal one medially and laterally (the medial superposition is more subtle in turtles than in other reptiles). The medial cortex can be divided into a dorsal and ventral portion, DM and M. The cells are tightly pa ...
... lateral plates separated by discontinuities: the medial and lateral plates overlap the dorsal one medially and laterally (the medial superposition is more subtle in turtles than in other reptiles). The medial cortex can be divided into a dorsal and ventral portion, DM and M. The cells are tightly pa ...
Document
... is a degenerative disease of the brain (central nervous system) that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other possible functions.[1] ...
... is a degenerative disease of the brain (central nervous system) that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other possible functions.[1] ...
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... neurons provide direct inhibition, although with a low connectivity rate of ∼10% (Caputi et al., 2009), on mid-proximal dendritic domain of pyramidal cell (i.e., proximal parts of apical and basal dendrites). In addition to this sparse connectivity with nearby pyramids, calretinin neurons provide st ...
... neurons provide direct inhibition, although with a low connectivity rate of ∼10% (Caputi et al., 2009), on mid-proximal dendritic domain of pyramidal cell (i.e., proximal parts of apical and basal dendrites). In addition to this sparse connectivity with nearby pyramids, calretinin neurons provide st ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... Figure 1a shows a schematic diagram of the principle gustatory pathways [2,3]. Transduction of chemical information occurs in the oral cavity when chemicals make contact with taste receptor cells [4••,5••]. Primary gustatory neurons course within the CNS cranial nerves VII, IX and X [6] to the nucle ...
... Figure 1a shows a schematic diagram of the principle gustatory pathways [2,3]. Transduction of chemical information occurs in the oral cavity when chemicals make contact with taste receptor cells [4••,5••]. Primary gustatory neurons course within the CNS cranial nerves VII, IX and X [6] to the nucle ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
Structural organization of the mormyrid ELL
... presynaptic terminals contacting granular cells. With The electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of mormyrid respect to the synaptic organization and microcircuitry of teleosts is the first central stage in electrosensory input the ELL, a number of qualitative and quantitative aspects processing. It ...
... presynaptic terminals contacting granular cells. With The electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of mormyrid respect to the synaptic organization and microcircuitry of teleosts is the first central stage in electrosensory input the ELL, a number of qualitative and quantitative aspects processing. It ...
An Introduction To Human Neuroanatomy
... Here, in these MRI images, we can see the veins that drain both the cerebral cortex and the deeper regions of the brain. These veins flow into a series of large thick venous sinuses located in the Dura Mater. From these sinuses, the venous blood flows into the Internal Jugular veins and thence to th ...
... Here, in these MRI images, we can see the veins that drain both the cerebral cortex and the deeper regions of the brain. These veins flow into a series of large thick venous sinuses located in the Dura Mater. From these sinuses, the venous blood flows into the Internal Jugular veins and thence to th ...
DanielBearMCB105 Research Proposal
... predominance detectable by electrophysiological recording? If the proposed classical and operant conditioning paradigms cause one image to predominate over the other, this reinforcement must be encoded somewhere in the visual or perceptual systems. Since V1, V2, V4, MT, and other temporal areas cont ...
... predominance detectable by electrophysiological recording? If the proposed classical and operant conditioning paradigms cause one image to predominate over the other, this reinforcement must be encoded somewhere in the visual or perceptual systems. Since V1, V2, V4, MT, and other temporal areas cont ...
Soltis Autism: a Spectrum of Research Abby Soltis Final Draft Senior
... the high affinity receptor were also present in the parietal cortex (Perry et al., 2001). Transversely, there was an increase in binding to the low affinity nicotinic receptor, consisting of the 7 subunit in the same autistic brain samples (Lee et al., 2002). This suggests that altered receptor str ...
... the high affinity receptor were also present in the parietal cortex (Perry et al., 2001). Transversely, there was an increase in binding to the low affinity nicotinic receptor, consisting of the 7 subunit in the same autistic brain samples (Lee et al., 2002). This suggests that altered receptor str ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor re ...
... and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor re ...
POST-CONSUMMATORY AROUSAL OF DRIVE AS A MECHANISM
... that response (Wyrwicka 1952). The author concluded that the new stimuli are eliciting instrumental response because, due to classical conditioning, they have acquired the capacity to activate the alimentary center. This fact was easily replicated many times by anyone who worked with food instrument ...
... that response (Wyrwicka 1952). The author concluded that the new stimuli are eliciting instrumental response because, due to classical conditioning, they have acquired the capacity to activate the alimentary center. This fact was easily replicated many times by anyone who worked with food instrument ...