Models of Attentional Learning - Indiana University Bloomington
... test phase, typical response tendencies are shown in parentheses. tration structure. The Filtration advantage can be naturally explained by positing selective attention. In the Filtration structure, people learn to pay attention to the relevant dimension and they learn to ignore the irrelevant dimen ...
... test phase, typical response tendencies are shown in parentheses. tration structure. The Filtration advantage can be naturally explained by positing selective attention. In the Filtration structure, people learn to pay attention to the relevant dimension and they learn to ignore the irrelevant dimen ...
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... 2. Actor – critic models of reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia 2.1. Houk, Adams, and Barto (1995) One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, wh ...
... 2. Actor – critic models of reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia 2.1. Houk, Adams, and Barto (1995) One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, wh ...
Monkey Models of Recovery of Voluntary Hand
... activate many of these ascending pathways and feedback projections. In both humans and macaque monkeys, the major descending motor tract, the corticospinal tract (CST1), also plays a critical role in fine directed movements of the hands and digits. The CST originates from multiple regions of the som ...
... activate many of these ascending pathways and feedback projections. In both humans and macaque monkeys, the major descending motor tract, the corticospinal tract (CST1), also plays a critical role in fine directed movements of the hands and digits. The CST originates from multiple regions of the som ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... somatosensory cortices may be more resistant to the inf luence of age (see Kemper, 1994, for a review of human postmortem literature, and Raz, 1996, for a review of the MRI findings). Age-related changes in the hippocampal formation were obser ved in many animal studies (reviewed by Flood and Colema ...
... somatosensory cortices may be more resistant to the inf luence of age (see Kemper, 1994, for a review of human postmortem literature, and Raz, 1996, for a review of the MRI findings). Age-related changes in the hippocampal formation were obser ved in many animal studies (reviewed by Flood and Colema ...
Hebbian Learning of Bayes Optimal Decisions
... argue that probabilistic inference, rather than logical inference, is the ”mathematics of the mind”, and that this perspective may help us to understand the principles of computation and learning in the brain [2]. Bayesian inference, or equivalently inference in Bayesian networks [3] is the most com ...
... argue that probabilistic inference, rather than logical inference, is the ”mathematics of the mind”, and that this perspective may help us to understand the principles of computation and learning in the brain [2]. Bayesian inference, or equivalently inference in Bayesian networks [3] is the most com ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... neurons with distinct inputs and projections7–10. Outputs to motor centres in the brain stem and spinal cord arise from pyramidaltract-type neurons in layer 5B (L5B). Within motor cortex, excitation descends from L2/3 to L5 (refs 9–11). Input from somatosensory cortex impinges preferentially onto L2 ...
... neurons with distinct inputs and projections7–10. Outputs to motor centres in the brain stem and spinal cord arise from pyramidaltract-type neurons in layer 5B (L5B). Within motor cortex, excitation descends from L2/3 to L5 (refs 9–11). Input from somatosensory cortex impinges preferentially onto L2 ...
For the price of a song:
... that result in error, so that the various parts of the signal compete for learned value (Rescorla-Wagner, 1972). The effects of this kind of competitive learning can be isolated by comparing learning from a complex stimulus to a series of discrete classes with the inverse process (Ramscar et al., 20 ...
... that result in error, so that the various parts of the signal compete for learned value (Rescorla-Wagner, 1972). The effects of this kind of competitive learning can be isolated by comparing learning from a complex stimulus to a series of discrete classes with the inverse process (Ramscar et al., 20 ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforward LGN input. The mechanism of sharpening of orientation tuning is, as in the Troyer et al. (1998) model, broadly tuned inhibition. The big difference between this model and that of Troyer et al. (1998) ...
... causes significant sharpening of orientation selectivity of V1 neurons compared to their feedforward LGN input. The mechanism of sharpening of orientation tuning is, as in the Troyer et al. (1998) model, broadly tuned inhibition. The big difference between this model and that of Troyer et al. (1998) ...
Generation of Rapid Eye Movements during Paradoxical Sleep in
... Although rapid eye movements (REMs) are a prominent feature of paradoxical sleep (PS), their origin and functional significance remain poorly understood in humans. In animals, including nonhuman primates, REMs during PS are closely related to the occurrence of the so-called PGO waves, i.e., prominen ...
... Although rapid eye movements (REMs) are a prominent feature of paradoxical sleep (PS), their origin and functional significance remain poorly understood in humans. In animals, including nonhuman primates, REMs during PS are closely related to the occurrence of the so-called PGO waves, i.e., prominen ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... Snider, R. K., J. F. Kabara, B. R. Roig, and A. B. Bonds. Burst firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsy ...
... Snider, R. K., J. F. Kabara, B. R. Roig, and A. B. Bonds. Burst firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsy ...
Recognition by Variance: Learning Rules for Spatiotemporal Patterns
... larger output when presented with it, compared to when presented with a typical background pattern. The model therefore reduces the high dimensional input to a one dimensional output. We emphasize that in the task that we consider in this paper, the selected group of learned patterns is to be distin ...
... larger output when presented with it, compared to when presented with a typical background pattern. The model therefore reduces the high dimensional input to a one dimensional output. We emphasize that in the task that we consider in this paper, the selected group of learned patterns is to be distin ...
Using calcium imaging to understand function and learning in L2/3
... important in learning, I developed a novel type of brain-‐machine interface (BMI) based on calcium imaging in the intact cortex. In this BMI task, the mouse learned to use voluntary modulations of ...
... important in learning, I developed a novel type of brain-‐machine interface (BMI) based on calcium imaging in the intact cortex. In this BMI task, the mouse learned to use voluntary modulations of ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... magnified as information is passed to later stages of processing. For example, one biologically plausible computational model suggests that a scalar estimation of bottom-up salience in V1 – independent of the feature dimension – can account for behavioral performance under a variety of psychophysica ...
... magnified as information is passed to later stages of processing. For example, one biologically plausible computational model suggests that a scalar estimation of bottom-up salience in V1 – independent of the feature dimension – can account for behavioral performance under a variety of psychophysica ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... wide range of behavioral functions for ascending midbrain dopaminergic systems. However, electrophysiological and neurochemical studies during specific behavioral tasks demonstrate a more restricted spectrum of dopamine-mediated changes. Substantial increases in dopamine-mediated activity, as measur ...
... wide range of behavioral functions for ascending midbrain dopaminergic systems. However, electrophysiological and neurochemical studies during specific behavioral tasks demonstrate a more restricted spectrum of dopamine-mediated changes. Substantial increases in dopamine-mediated activity, as measur ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... stimulus-evoked responses of individual neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) (Carandini et al. 1997; Carandini and Heeger 1994; Heeger 1992). The model’s defining characteristic is that the response of each neuron is divided by a factor that includes the summed activity of a pool of neurons (Carand ...
... stimulus-evoked responses of individual neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) (Carandini et al. 1997; Carandini and Heeger 1994; Heeger 1992). The model’s defining characteristic is that the response of each neuron is divided by a factor that includes the summed activity of a pool of neurons (Carand ...
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... mapping skills, Kamini’s mapping expertise and Scott’s programming skills were of great help when I had a deadline to meet. I am grateful for Dr.Sandra Chapman’s time and effort during my first year in the university. I was convinced at that time that I could do basic science research as well as cl ...
... mapping skills, Kamini’s mapping expertise and Scott’s programming skills were of great help when I had a deadline to meet. I am grateful for Dr.Sandra Chapman’s time and effort during my first year in the university. I was convinced at that time that I could do basic science research as well as cl ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... cell types and their connectivity: thalamocortical (TC) relay cells, thalamic reticular (RE) neuron, cortical pyramidal cells (PY) and interneurons (IN). TC cells receive prethalamic (Pre) afferent connections, which may be sensory afferents in the case of specific thalamic nuclei involved in vision ...
... cell types and their connectivity: thalamocortical (TC) relay cells, thalamic reticular (RE) neuron, cortical pyramidal cells (PY) and interneurons (IN). TC cells receive prethalamic (Pre) afferent connections, which may be sensory afferents in the case of specific thalamic nuclei involved in vision ...
Preprint - University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences
... are converted into its responses, have proven effective in a broad array of sensory modalities, brain areas, and species (e.g. Eggermont, Aertsen and Johannesma 1983, Jones and Palmer 1987, DiCarlo, Johnson and Hsiao 1998). Within vision, classic examples include the center-surround receptive field ...
... are converted into its responses, have proven effective in a broad array of sensory modalities, brain areas, and species (e.g. Eggermont, Aertsen and Johannesma 1983, Jones and Palmer 1987, DiCarlo, Johnson and Hsiao 1998). Within vision, classic examples include the center-surround receptive field ...
A Flow Chart For Classification Of Nystagmus
... the orbit (Alexander’s law). With peripheral lesions the slow-phase velocity is higher when gaze is in the direction of the quick phase. With central lesions the opposite sometimes occurs. Nystagmus of peripheral origin is suppressed by visual fixation; nystagmus of a central origin is usually not. ...
... the orbit (Alexander’s law). With peripheral lesions the slow-phase velocity is higher when gaze is in the direction of the quick phase. With central lesions the opposite sometimes occurs. Nystagmus of peripheral origin is suppressed by visual fixation; nystagmus of a central origin is usually not. ...
Neuropeptidergic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in
... clock. In addition, thermoregulatory capacities in Spalax are photoperiod dependent [24], and perception of photoperiodic changes by the eye and melatonin are involved in the response [58]. Although the neuropeptidergic organization of the SCN has been studied in a number of rodents (rat [80,81]; ha ...
... clock. In addition, thermoregulatory capacities in Spalax are photoperiod dependent [24], and perception of photoperiodic changes by the eye and melatonin are involved in the response [58]. Although the neuropeptidergic organization of the SCN has been studied in a number of rodents (rat [80,81]; ha ...
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... or states of the world, by using a reward prediction error signal provided by dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. The dorsal striatum (the ‘Actor’), in turn, learns the values of different actions in these states, based on a similar dopaminergic prediction error signal originating in ...
... or states of the world, by using a reward prediction error signal provided by dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. The dorsal striatum (the ‘Actor’), in turn, learns the values of different actions in these states, based on a similar dopaminergic prediction error signal originating in ...
Analysis of Local and Wide-Field Movements in the Superior
... reduce movements of the brain caused by pulsation and respiration. Each penetration was made with reference to a point on the plastic well, in order to constitute systematic tracking. A total of 17-27 penetrations were made in each hemisphere. Small electric lesions (10 PA tip negative, 20 set) were ...
... reduce movements of the brain caused by pulsation and respiration. Each penetration was made with reference to a point on the plastic well, in order to constitute systematic tracking. A total of 17-27 penetrations were made in each hemisphere. Small electric lesions (10 PA tip negative, 20 set) were ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
Untitled
... induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We have found that there are activity-dependent, and bi-directional, changes in the intrinsic excitability of these neurons with LTP and LTD. The changes in ion channels occur in parallel to those at the synapse and affect bot ...
... induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We have found that there are activity-dependent, and bi-directional, changes in the intrinsic excitability of these neurons with LTP and LTD. The changes in ion channels occur in parallel to those at the synapse and affect bot ...