Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
... • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the ...
... • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... of the Simian Neocortex........................................................................................... 318 6.2.1. Volumetric Expansion of the Simian Neocortex............................................ 318 6.2.2. Increased Foliation of the Simian Neocortex............................... ...
... of the Simian Neocortex........................................................................................... 318 6.2.1. Volumetric Expansion of the Simian Neocortex............................................ 318 6.2.2. Increased Foliation of the Simian Neocortex............................... ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... The network model in this study has been previously described in detail (Compte et al. 2000), and unless stated otherwise, we used the same parameters as in Compte et al. (2000). The model consists of 2 populations of leaky-integrate-and-fire model neurons (Tuckwell 1988). The excitatory population c ...
... The network model in this study has been previously described in detail (Compte et al. 2000), and unless stated otherwise, we used the same parameters as in Compte et al. (2000). The model consists of 2 populations of leaky-integrate-and-fire model neurons (Tuckwell 1988). The excitatory population c ...
LEAP - Life Enrichment Center
... of one or more of five major factors; 1) structural damage, 2) brain dysfunction, 3) abnormal cerebral lateralisation, 4) maturational lag and 5) environment deprivation. While none of these theories is unequivocally supported by current data, all of these factors may contribute in varying degrees t ...
... of one or more of five major factors; 1) structural damage, 2) brain dysfunction, 3) abnormal cerebral lateralisation, 4) maturational lag and 5) environment deprivation. While none of these theories is unequivocally supported by current data, all of these factors may contribute in varying degrees t ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... which plot the number of dischargesevoked by the binaural signal as a function of IPD, were deeply modulated circular functions. IPD functions were analyzed for their mean vector length (r>and mean interaural phase (0). Phase sensitivity was relatively independent of best frequency (BF) but highly d ...
... which plot the number of dischargesevoked by the binaural signal as a function of IPD, were deeply modulated circular functions. IPD functions were analyzed for their mean vector length (r>and mean interaural phase (0). Phase sensitivity was relatively independent of best frequency (BF) but highly d ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
Activity of Krebs cycle enzymes in mdx mice - Genoma
... Mitochondria presumably produce much of the ATP essential for excitability and survival of neurons, and the protein phosphorylation reactions that mediate synaptic signaling are related to long-term changes in neuronal structure and function. Impairment in energy production caused by mitochondrial d ...
... Mitochondria presumably produce much of the ATP essential for excitability and survival of neurons, and the protein phosphorylation reactions that mediate synaptic signaling are related to long-term changes in neuronal structure and function. Impairment in energy production caused by mitochondrial d ...
neurophysics.ucsd.edu
... be implemented by small networks of neurons in the brainstem. In this review, we evaluate evidence for three possible mechanisms by which coordination both within and among orofacial actions can occur: (i) local interactions between potentially co-active circuits (CPGs) ensure their coordination; (i ...
... be implemented by small networks of neurons in the brainstem. In this review, we evaluate evidence for three possible mechanisms by which coordination both within and among orofacial actions can occur: (i) local interactions between potentially co-active circuits (CPGs) ensure their coordination; (i ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... stimuli presented alone. For example, if a single good stimulus elicited a high firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at ...
... stimuli presented alone. For example, if a single good stimulus elicited a high firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at ...
Projections of the median raphe nucleus in the rat
... Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. MR fibers descend along the midline within the brainstem and mainly ascend within the medial forebrain bundle in the forebrain. MR fibers distribute densely to the following brainstem/forebrain sites: caudal raphe nuclei, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, dorsal rap ...
... Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. MR fibers descend along the midline within the brainstem and mainly ascend within the medial forebrain bundle in the forebrain. MR fibers distribute densely to the following brainstem/forebrain sites: caudal raphe nuclei, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, dorsal rap ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... hippocampus, neurons which responded with both fast nicotinic alpha-7 receptor responses and slow non-alpha-7 responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (Mc ...
... hippocampus, neurons which responded with both fast nicotinic alpha-7 receptor responses and slow non-alpha-7 responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (Mc ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... input can persist for several seconds after the stimulus is removed. Such persistent activity is thought to underlie working memory and has been found in prefrontal cortex (Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Quintana and Fuster, 1992; Miller et al., 1996; Rainer et al., 1999), inferotemporal cort ...
... input can persist for several seconds after the stimulus is removed. Such persistent activity is thought to underlie working memory and has been found in prefrontal cortex (Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Quintana and Fuster, 1992; Miller et al., 1996; Rainer et al., 1999), inferotemporal cort ...
Calcium-Independent Afterdepolarization Regulated by Serotonin in
... polarization and that there is a significant portion of the ADP that does not depend on calcium influx. Whereas previous studies found that intracellular calcium chelation could block the ADP (Luthi and McCormick 1998), we found that a strong ADP survived even after buffering intracellular calcium a ...
... polarization and that there is a significant portion of the ADP that does not depend on calcium influx. Whereas previous studies found that intracellular calcium chelation could block the ADP (Luthi and McCormick 1998), we found that a strong ADP survived even after buffering intracellular calcium a ...
Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self
... awareness. Our use of the term ‘self’ in this context refers to one’s physical being, as well as the thoughts and feelings that constitute the subjective sense of that being (James, 1890). These emotions serve important interpersonal functions (Miller and Leary, 1992; Tangney, 1999; Lewis, 2000). Em ...
... awareness. Our use of the term ‘self’ in this context refers to one’s physical being, as well as the thoughts and feelings that constitute the subjective sense of that being (James, 1890). These emotions serve important interpersonal functions (Miller and Leary, 1992; Tangney, 1999; Lewis, 2000). Em ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... required by imitation, and area F5 would play a central role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI pe ...
... required by imitation, and area F5 would play a central role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI pe ...
Statistical learning as a domain-general mechanism of entrenchment
... on implicit learning using an artificial grammar learning paradigm. However, to fully understand the relationship between such early implicit learning studies and the current notion of statistical learning, it is important to also consider its conception. The theory of perceptual learning by Gibson ...
... on implicit learning using an artificial grammar learning paradigm. However, to fully understand the relationship between such early implicit learning studies and the current notion of statistical learning, it is important to also consider its conception. The theory of perceptual learning by Gibson ...
Neuroscience Information Framework Standard Ontologies
... – Precisely specifying how the classes are ‘related’ with each other (i.e., logical axioms) ...
... – Precisely specifying how the classes are ‘related’ with each other (i.e., logical axioms) ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... The Amygdala • Almond-shaped structure that serves as an “alarm system” in the brain • Other functions, too, but scans for danger signals • Capable of turning on the Fight/Flight/Freeze Response in a matter of milliseconds • The amygdala has extensive connections – can influence sympathetic nervous ...
... The Amygdala • Almond-shaped structure that serves as an “alarm system” in the brain • Other functions, too, but scans for danger signals • Capable of turning on the Fight/Flight/Freeze Response in a matter of milliseconds • The amygdala has extensive connections – can influence sympathetic nervous ...
as a PDF
... intensity and fast rise-time. VTA DA neurons, i.e. those that give rise to mesolimbocortical DA pathways, respond to each of these types of salient events [57]. Single-unit recordings have demonstrated that VTA DA neurons show phasic elevations in activity in response to novel events [72], unexpecte ...
... intensity and fast rise-time. VTA DA neurons, i.e. those that give rise to mesolimbocortical DA pathways, respond to each of these types of salient events [57]. Single-unit recordings have demonstrated that VTA DA neurons show phasic elevations in activity in response to novel events [72], unexpecte ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... a transient activation that does not outlast the stimulus. Visual pathways from the retina to the cortex are also intact, but visual stimuli do not evoke widespread activation of the EEG in the cervau isole animal, as they do in intact animals. Although Bremer tentatively concluded that deafferentat ...
... a transient activation that does not outlast the stimulus. Visual pathways from the retina to the cortex are also intact, but visual stimuli do not evoke widespread activation of the EEG in the cervau isole animal, as they do in intact animals. Although Bremer tentatively concluded that deafferentat ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
... once afferent axons from the thalamus reach the developing cortical wall, their intracottical trajectory is centered on the CSPG-rich subplate, above the path taken by efferent axons. Our findings demonstrate a molecular difference between the adjacent but distinct efferent and afferent pathways in ...
... once afferent axons from the thalamus reach the developing cortical wall, their intracottical trajectory is centered on the CSPG-rich subplate, above the path taken by efferent axons. Our findings demonstrate a molecular difference between the adjacent but distinct efferent and afferent pathways in ...
IBRO 2008
... cortical neurons during behaviourally relevant activity gives the essential metric for defining cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike ti ...
... cortical neurons during behaviourally relevant activity gives the essential metric for defining cell types and their contribution to the organism. In the cortical network, accurately timed and located GABA release co-operates with the information-carrying glutamatergic inputs to govern the spike ti ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... The first approach faces the same problem as the post-mortem studies: picking the correct slice angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreov ...
... The first approach faces the same problem as the post-mortem studies: picking the correct slice angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreov ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... migration in these embryonic cortical slice preparations were repeatedly monitored for 2-3 hours (Fig. 3; see Figs S2, S3 in the supplementary material). In wild-type slices, radial and tangential neuronal movement occurred at an average rate of 27±3.2 µm/hour and 43±5.4 µm/hour, respectively (Fig. ...
... migration in these embryonic cortical slice preparations were repeatedly monitored for 2-3 hours (Fig. 3; see Figs S2, S3 in the supplementary material). In wild-type slices, radial and tangential neuronal movement occurred at an average rate of 27±3.2 µm/hour and 43±5.4 µm/hour, respectively (Fig. ...
Précis of The Brain and Emotion
... punishment, is not only to understand how our own brains work, but also to have the basis for understanding and treating medical disorders of these systems (such as altered emotional behavior after brain damage, depression, anxiety and addiction). It is because of the intended relevance to humans th ...
... punishment, is not only to understand how our own brains work, but also to have the basis for understanding and treating medical disorders of these systems (such as altered emotional behavior after brain damage, depression, anxiety and addiction). It is because of the intended relevance to humans th ...