Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... sharply in cat visual cortex at the onset of the critical period and decreased afterward, suggesting that they may play an important role in activity-guided changes in the developing nervous system. Further evidence for a linkage with activity is based on studies that show elevated levels of c-fos, ...
... sharply in cat visual cortex at the onset of the critical period and decreased afterward, suggesting that they may play an important role in activity-guided changes in the developing nervous system. Further evidence for a linkage with activity is based on studies that show elevated levels of c-fos, ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... transneuronal tract-tracing method using a neurotropic virus was determined to be the most suitable technique for this type of investigation, because these viruses selectively infect neurons and are then transported across synapses in a time-dependent manner (Ugolini et al., 1989; Zemanick et al., 1 ...
... transneuronal tract-tracing method using a neurotropic virus was determined to be the most suitable technique for this type of investigation, because these viruses selectively infect neurons and are then transported across synapses in a time-dependent manner (Ugolini et al., 1989; Zemanick et al., 1 ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... voltage, and synapses (see Fiorillo, 2008). Furthermore, (2) how does the abstract language spoken by higher areas translate to the detailed language of V1 neurons? V1 projects upwards a finegrained representation, which becomes increasingly invariant as it advances the hierarchy, but it is unclear h ...
... voltage, and synapses (see Fiorillo, 2008). Furthermore, (2) how does the abstract language spoken by higher areas translate to the detailed language of V1 neurons? V1 projects upwards a finegrained representation, which becomes increasingly invariant as it advances the hierarchy, but it is unclear h ...
Slide 1
... pontine nuclei are shown as blue circles. It should be noted that the actual synaptic signs of many of the aminergic and reticular pathways remain to be demonstrated, and, in many cases, the neuronal architecture is known to be far more complex than indicated here (e.g., the thalamus and cortex). Du ...
... pontine nuclei are shown as blue circles. It should be noted that the actual synaptic signs of many of the aminergic and reticular pathways remain to be demonstrated, and, in many cases, the neuronal architecture is known to be far more complex than indicated here (e.g., the thalamus and cortex). Du ...
Hypothalamus - aHuman Project
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... made around A9L6. Recordings of geniculate neurons were made in the A and A1 laminae. Recordings from axons of retinal ganglion cells were made by positioning the electrode in the optic tract ventral to the LGN. Stimuli and procedure. A window discriminator was used to isolate the response of a sing ...
... made around A9L6. Recordings of geniculate neurons were made in the A and A1 laminae. Recordings from axons of retinal ganglion cells were made by positioning the electrode in the optic tract ventral to the LGN. Stimuli and procedure. A window discriminator was used to isolate the response of a sing ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... training for approximately 1 hour. Each training session was therefore half as long as that given by Catmur et al. (2007); this was to make the overall length of the experiment tolerable for participants. Each trial began with presentation of the hand at rest. After a variable time interval (800, 16 ...
... training for approximately 1 hour. Each training session was therefore half as long as that given by Catmur et al. (2007); this was to make the overall length of the experiment tolerable for participants. Each trial began with presentation of the hand at rest. After a variable time interval (800, 16 ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol routinely followed by the ‘‘Lino Rossi Research Center for the study and prevention of the unexpected perinatal death and SIDS” of the Milan University [27,28]. In particular, after fixation in 10% phosphate- ...
... histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol routinely followed by the ‘‘Lino Rossi Research Center for the study and prevention of the unexpected perinatal death and SIDS” of the Milan University [27,28]. In particular, after fixation in 10% phosphate- ...
A simulation of parahippocampal and hippocampal structures guiding spatial navigation of
... behavioral transitions between sensory events in the environment and the temporal requirements of long-term potentiation. Data indicates that long-term potentiation is obtained with relatively brief delays between the pre-synaptic spike and the post-synaptic spike. Optimal delays for induction of lo ...
... behavioral transitions between sensory events in the environment and the temporal requirements of long-term potentiation. Data indicates that long-term potentiation is obtained with relatively brief delays between the pre-synaptic spike and the post-synaptic spike. Optimal delays for induction of lo ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... method described by Ono et al. (1985), was used. The rat was anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and then mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus with its skull level between the bregma and lambda suture points. The cranium was exposed, 2–3 mm of the temporal end of the temporal muscle wa ...
... method described by Ono et al. (1985), was used. The rat was anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and then mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus with its skull level between the bregma and lambda suture points. The cranium was exposed, 2–3 mm of the temporal end of the temporal muscle wa ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... 2004) to high-level visual cortex (Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982). For example, in the retina different populations of ganglion cells with different functional properties each tile the whole retina, providing multiple complete representations of the visual field and creating a series of parallel pathw ...
... 2004) to high-level visual cortex (Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982). For example, in the retina different populations of ganglion cells with different functional properties each tile the whole retina, providing multiple complete representations of the visual field and creating a series of parallel pathw ...
Telencephalon
... loss of excitation of the GPe by putamen resulting in a decreased inhibitory output from GPe to ...
... loss of excitation of the GPe by putamen resulting in a decreased inhibitory output from GPe to ...
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... determined by comparing the averages of voxel activations induced by the four stimuli, in a participant’s visual cortex, using general linear model (GLM) analysis. The distribution of voxel activations for a single participant, for each stimulus, is shown in Fig. 3. Highest activations were observe ...
... determined by comparing the averages of voxel activations induced by the four stimuli, in a participant’s visual cortex, using general linear model (GLM) analysis. The distribution of voxel activations for a single participant, for each stimulus, is shown in Fig. 3. Highest activations were observe ...
Mechanisms of memory storage in a model perirhinal network
... 2001, 2002). These longitudinal axons arise from and terminate in all layers (Witter et al. 1986; Biella et al. 2001). In the model, long-range connections were made from RS cells to other RS cells located [1.5 mm from the source cell in the rostrocaudal dimension. Long-range connections were not de ...
... 2001, 2002). These longitudinal axons arise from and terminate in all layers (Witter et al. 1986; Biella et al. 2001). In the model, long-range connections were made from RS cells to other RS cells located [1.5 mm from the source cell in the rostrocaudal dimension. Long-range connections were not de ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... gray matter and travel in the white matter over short or long distances. The prefrontal cortex participates in an extensive network of such connections, and may exercise excitatory and inhibitory control by synapsing, respectively, with excitatory and inhibitory neurons in other cortices. Alternativ ...
... gray matter and travel in the white matter over short or long distances. The prefrontal cortex participates in an extensive network of such connections, and may exercise excitatory and inhibitory control by synapsing, respectively, with excitatory and inhibitory neurons in other cortices. Alternativ ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
... (BA 45/46), the left precuneus (BA 39) and the bilateral superior parietal lobule (BA 7). These results were considered to be evidence that repeated testing reduces cognitive control demands during future episodic retrieval by making the cue-target link easier to process (Kuhl et al. 2007). Further ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... Since the discovery of the “barrel” map in the rodent somatosensory cortex by Woolsey and Van der Loos (1970), the barrels were regarded as a manifestation of the cortical columns in layer 4 (L4). It turned out that this structure is a well-suited model for investigating sensory information processi ...
... Since the discovery of the “barrel” map in the rodent somatosensory cortex by Woolsey and Van der Loos (1970), the barrels were regarded as a manifestation of the cortical columns in layer 4 (L4). It turned out that this structure is a well-suited model for investigating sensory information processi ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... in vitro studies in extracted tissue slice preparations. They have also focused on input to thalamic relay cells from cortex and nonspecific brain stem systems as the critical modulators of the rhythm-generating process. However, it is abundantly clear that the primary input to sensory relay cells i ...
... in vitro studies in extracted tissue slice preparations. They have also focused on input to thalamic relay cells from cortex and nonspecific brain stem systems as the critical modulators of the rhythm-generating process. However, it is abundantly clear that the primary input to sensory relay cells i ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... the cerebellum and basal ganglia in controlling different aspects of behavior have been proposed: automatic versus cognitive aspects of behavior10 or precise-timing versus threshold-setting distinctions11. As for the involvement of cortical areas, the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex were th ...
... the cerebellum and basal ganglia in controlling different aspects of behavior have been proposed: automatic versus cognitive aspects of behavior10 or precise-timing versus threshold-setting distinctions11. As for the involvement of cortical areas, the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex were th ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... Two main issues were addressed with the imaging technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly co ...
... Two main issues were addressed with the imaging technique: first, whether odor representation is conserved within the species, and second, whether the activity pattern elicited by an odor is sufficient to predict the odor stimulus. The combinatorial pattern of glomerular activity is indeed highly co ...
THESIS D - Krishikosh
... thesis / publication of any University or scientific organization. The sources of materials used and assistance received during the course of investigation have been duly acknowledged. ...
... thesis / publication of any University or scientific organization. The sources of materials used and assistance received during the course of investigation have been duly acknowledged. ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... It is worth noting that the TRN occupies a striking control position in the brain. The cerebral cortex and thalamus connect in a reciprocal manner, branching onto the TRN as shown in Figure 1. In turn, the TRN sends axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents ...
... It is worth noting that the TRN occupies a striking control position in the brain. The cerebral cortex and thalamus connect in a reciprocal manner, branching onto the TRN as shown in Figure 1. In turn, the TRN sends axons back to the thalamus, roughly to the same region where they receive afferents ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
... al., 1994). Furthermore, prefrontal multi-unit firing rates are selectively altered during the delay period before a ‘go’ signal in rats that have been trained to perform a delayed go/no-go alternation task (Sakurai and Sugimoto, 1986). While single-cell data from prefrontal cortical regions in rats ...
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... in question. A well-defined map of muscles does not appear to exist. Different body parts are represented in an intermingled fashion (Penfield and Boldrey, 1937; Woolsey et al., 1952; Donoghue et al., 1992; Schieber and Hibbard, 1993; Sanes et al., 1995). Though it is possible to distinguish a broad ...
... in question. A well-defined map of muscles does not appear to exist. Different body parts are represented in an intermingled fashion (Penfield and Boldrey, 1937; Woolsey et al., 1952; Donoghue et al., 1992; Schieber and Hibbard, 1993; Sanes et al., 1995). Though it is possible to distinguish a broad ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...