Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... Neuronal activity level was calculated in four time epochs: baseline, sample presentation, first delay, and first choice stimulus presentation. Baseline neuronal activity was averaged over the 500 ms of fixation preceding sample presentation. Sample period activity was averaged over an 800-ms epoch ...
... Neuronal activity level was calculated in four time epochs: baseline, sample presentation, first delay, and first choice stimulus presentation. Baseline neuronal activity was averaged over the 500 ms of fixation preceding sample presentation. Sample period activity was averaged over an 800-ms epoch ...
Postnatal microbial colonization programs HPA system for stress
... gut binding sites, which is the first step of bacterial pathogenicity (Finlay & Falkow, 1990). Thus, there is no doubt that most of our bacterial symbionts have several beneficial effects on host physiological functions; however, little is known about whether or not such microbes can affect the deve ...
... gut binding sites, which is the first step of bacterial pathogenicity (Finlay & Falkow, 1990). Thus, there is no doubt that most of our bacterial symbionts have several beneficial effects on host physiological functions; however, little is known about whether or not such microbes can affect the deve ...
Edvard I. Moser - Nobel Lecture: Grid Cells and the
... parallel to the transverse axis of the hippocampus (Andersen et al., 1971; Fig. 5). Each stage in this circuit receives additional direct input from the entorhinal cortex. In the 1990s, neural recordings from the entorhinal cortex suggested that cells in this area have broad and dispersed firing fie ...
... parallel to the transverse axis of the hippocampus (Andersen et al., 1971; Fig. 5). Each stage in this circuit receives additional direct input from the entorhinal cortex. In the 1990s, neural recordings from the entorhinal cortex suggested that cells in this area have broad and dispersed firing fie ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... cortex devoted to a given body region is related to the degree of sensitivity in that region, and not the body size (e.g. face, lips, ...
... cortex devoted to a given body region is related to the degree of sensitivity in that region, and not the body size (e.g. face, lips, ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... learning. This limitation on the ability of STDP to produce pairselective cells arose from potentiation of synaptic connections between cells, which were initially selectively responsive to different stimulus pairs, but gained responses to the stimulus pair favored by the connected cell. We term thi ...
... learning. This limitation on the ability of STDP to produce pairselective cells arose from potentiation of synaptic connections between cells, which were initially selectively responsive to different stimulus pairs, but gained responses to the stimulus pair favored by the connected cell. We term thi ...
Author`s personal copy
... blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (BOLDfMRI) and other neuroimaging approaches has become the dominant means by which areal boundaries are identified in humans and often serves as a proxy for these invasive methods [9,14,26–37]. Do these principles apply to associative areas? It is importa ...
... blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (BOLDfMRI) and other neuroimaging approaches has become the dominant means by which areal boundaries are identified in humans and often serves as a proxy for these invasive methods [9,14,26–37]. Do these principles apply to associative areas? It is importa ...
letter - Hanks Lab
... decision-making, and its neural correlates have been found in several brain regions1–8. Here we develop a generalizable method to measure tuning curves that specify the relationship between neural responses and mentally accumulated evidence, and apply it to distinguish the encoding of decision varia ...
... decision-making, and its neural correlates have been found in several brain regions1–8. Here we develop a generalizable method to measure tuning curves that specify the relationship between neural responses and mentally accumulated evidence, and apply it to distinguish the encoding of decision varia ...
Acetylcholine and appetitive behavior 1
... direct glutamatergic projections from cortical regions important for learning and memory processes (e.g., McGeorge & Faull, 1989), as well as dopaminergic inputs from the tegmentum argued to convey predictive reward information (Schultz, 1998). The medium spiny output neurons of the nucleus accumben ...
... direct glutamatergic projections from cortical regions important for learning and memory processes (e.g., McGeorge & Faull, 1989), as well as dopaminergic inputs from the tegmentum argued to convey predictive reward information (Schultz, 1998). The medium spiny output neurons of the nucleus accumben ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... S2, such that after firing strongly to f1, neurons subsequently respond less strongly to f2. We calculated the correlation between responses to f1 and f2 for individual stimulus pairs (f1,f2). Instead of finding a negative correlation that would be consistent with adaptation, we found a weak positiv ...
... S2, such that after firing strongly to f1, neurons subsequently respond less strongly to f2. We calculated the correlation between responses to f1 and f2 for individual stimulus pairs (f1,f2). Instead of finding a negative correlation that would be consistent with adaptation, we found a weak positiv ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... Feature-based attention and selective synchronization Attention does more than synchronize the responses of neurons based on the spatial proximity of their receptive fields to the focus of attention. Recent evidence demonstrates that attention to a particular feature selectively synchronizes the res ...
... Feature-based attention and selective synchronization Attention does more than synchronize the responses of neurons based on the spatial proximity of their receptive fields to the focus of attention. Recent evidence demonstrates that attention to a particular feature selectively synchronizes the res ...
Sonic Hedgehog Expression in Corticofugal Projection Neurons
... Boc, Cdon, is not expressed in these cells (A.O., data not shown). We further examined the cell type and temporal specificity of Boc expression by performing immunofluorescent staining in P4 and P14 Boc heterozygous mutant mice. We found LacZ expression at both P4 and P14, with the level of expressi ...
... Boc, Cdon, is not expressed in these cells (A.O., data not shown). We further examined the cell type and temporal specificity of Boc expression by performing immunofluorescent staining in P4 and P14 Boc heterozygous mutant mice. We found LacZ expression at both P4 and P14, with the level of expressi ...
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
... their prefrontal cortex model of exercise tolerance and termination, which is a welcome contribution to our broader understanding of the limits of human performance. The authors have constructed their model by bringing together neurocognitive evidence derived from their own and others’ observations. ...
... their prefrontal cortex model of exercise tolerance and termination, which is a welcome contribution to our broader understanding of the limits of human performance. The authors have constructed their model by bringing together neurocognitive evidence derived from their own and others’ observations. ...
Overview Synaptic plasticity Synaptic strength
... – LTP is faster: ~1.3 min after the onset of the stimulation protocol ...
... – LTP is faster: ~1.3 min after the onset of the stimulation protocol ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained about specific mechanisms when the motor system is considered in the context of meaningful behavior. The animal’s behavioral repe ...
... movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained about specific mechanisms when the motor system is considered in the context of meaningful behavior. The animal’s behavioral repe ...
color vision - UCSD Psychology
... wavelength, or both. For example, an increase in the L-cone signal can signify that the light’s wavelength came closer to the peak of the L-cone absorption spectrum, that the light became more intense, or a combination of both. Therefore, to compute the color of an object unambiguously, the magnitud ...
... wavelength, or both. For example, an increase in the L-cone signal can signify that the light’s wavelength came closer to the peak of the L-cone absorption spectrum, that the light became more intense, or a combination of both. Therefore, to compute the color of an object unambiguously, the magnitud ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... thus included parts of the rostral SLN-area. Efferent projections In all experiments, fibers which were labelled took their origin at the injection site and travelled in different directions, sometimes combined in compact fiber bundles. Part of these fibers possibly were axons of retrogradely labell ...
... thus included parts of the rostral SLN-area. Efferent projections In all experiments, fibers which were labelled took their origin at the injection site and travelled in different directions, sometimes combined in compact fiber bundles. Part of these fibers possibly were axons of retrogradely labell ...
Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic
... cortex into regions of maximal shared genetic influence, and a major hypothesis is that genetically programmed neurodevelopmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thick ...
... cortex into regions of maximal shared genetic influence, and a major hypothesis is that genetically programmed neurodevelopmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thick ...
Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Cortical Circuits
... reported percentages of SOM-positive cells that coexpress a given marker across studies in different species (mouse or rat), cortical layer (2–6), and cortical region (frontal, visual, or somatosensory). For more details, see Table 2. Area of each circle approximately represents the average range. O ...
... reported percentages of SOM-positive cells that coexpress a given marker across studies in different species (mouse or rat), cortical layer (2–6), and cortical region (frontal, visual, or somatosensory). For more details, see Table 2. Area of each circle approximately represents the average range. O ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... Abstract—Paradigms requiring either a GO or a NO-GO response are often used to study the neural mechanisms of response inhibition. Here this issue is examined from the perspective of event-related beta (14 –30 Hz) oscillatory activity. Two macaque monkeys performed a task that began with a self-init ...
... Abstract—Paradigms requiring either a GO or a NO-GO response are often used to study the neural mechanisms of response inhibition. Here this issue is examined from the perspective of event-related beta (14 –30 Hz) oscillatory activity. Two macaque monkeys performed a task that began with a self-init ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... How the brain actually implements peak selection is not known. However, a recent study has shown that the probabilistic method correctly predicted the behavioral performance of monkeys from SC firing rates in a selection task on more trials than the winner-take-all method, with both methods performi ...
... How the brain actually implements peak selection is not known. However, a recent study has shown that the probabilistic method correctly predicted the behavioral performance of monkeys from SC firing rates in a selection task on more trials than the winner-take-all method, with both methods performi ...
The human medial geniculate body
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... potentials. This transformation of the stimulus into an electrical signal is referred to as sensory transduction. Some receptors that respond quickly and maximally at the onset of the stimulus, but stop responding even if the stimulus continues, are known as rapidly adapting (phasic) receptors. Thes ...
... potentials. This transformation of the stimulus into an electrical signal is referred to as sensory transduction. Some receptors that respond quickly and maximally at the onset of the stimulus, but stop responding even if the stimulus continues, are known as rapidly adapting (phasic) receptors. Thes ...
Age-dependent effect of cholinergic lesion on dendritic morphology
... could either reflect or result in changes in plasticity. Previously, we used ibotenic acid lesions of the NBM to begin to investigate potential age-related changes in frontal cortical plasticity [61,64]. The NBM is a basal forebrain cholinergic nucleus, and projections from the NBM modulate cortical ...
... could either reflect or result in changes in plasticity. Previously, we used ibotenic acid lesions of the NBM to begin to investigate potential age-related changes in frontal cortical plasticity [61,64]. The NBM is a basal forebrain cholinergic nucleus, and projections from the NBM modulate cortical ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... trustworthiness and negative emotions connoting untrustworthiness (Stirrat & Perrett, 2010; Todorov, 2008). Neural studies of face-based trust evaluations reinforce this concept, with many of the brain regions identified in emotional expression also identified in association with face- ...
... trustworthiness and negative emotions connoting untrustworthiness (Stirrat & Perrett, 2010; Todorov, 2008). Neural studies of face-based trust evaluations reinforce this concept, with many of the brain regions identified in emotional expression also identified in association with face- ...