A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... found that double-labeled neurons were nearly always restricted to the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. S ...
... found that double-labeled neurons were nearly always restricted to the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. S ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures an early view of how multiple column systems in the primary visual cortex might be organized. Although the prominent cell bands seen in Nissl sections do not represent individual orientation columns, they ...
... columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures an early view of how multiple column systems in the primary visual cortex might be organized. Although the prominent cell bands seen in Nissl sections do not represent individual orientation columns, they ...
The Superior Olivary Nucleus and Its Influence on Nucleus
... Haer) with tip diameter of 0.5 mm were used for extracellular stimulation. In one experimental configuration, the electrode was placed at the fiber tract from N L and NA to the SON at a distance of 0.5–1 mm away from the SON to study the postsynaptic responses of SON cells. In another experimental c ...
... Haer) with tip diameter of 0.5 mm were used for extracellular stimulation. In one experimental configuration, the electrode was placed at the fiber tract from N L and NA to the SON at a distance of 0.5–1 mm away from the SON to study the postsynaptic responses of SON cells. In another experimental c ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity in awake animals (albeit at lower time resolution) in large numbers of identified neurons across days and weeks (Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Dombeck et al., ...
... elaborate identification of cell types. As an alternative, two-photon calcium imaging has provided a complementary assay for monitoring activity in awake animals (albeit at lower time resolution) in large numbers of identified neurons across days and weeks (Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Dombeck et al., ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... visuotopic organization (Zeki, 1969). Subsequent studies confirmed this visuotopic organization but revealed that the dorsal and ventral subdivisions are physically separated from one another by the interposition of area V4 (cf. Fig. 2A-C). More significantly, evidence for pronounced dorso-ventral a ...
... visuotopic organization (Zeki, 1969). Subsequent studies confirmed this visuotopic organization but revealed that the dorsal and ventral subdivisions are physically separated from one another by the interposition of area V4 (cf. Fig. 2A-C). More significantly, evidence for pronounced dorso-ventral a ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... function relation combined with the changes in synaptic efficacy and neurochemical content constitutes a wellsuited model to elucidate neuronal correlates of learning and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in ...
... function relation combined with the changes in synaptic efficacy and neurochemical content constitutes a wellsuited model to elucidate neuronal correlates of learning and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in ...
Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide
... Results: Large numbers of eYFP or tdRFP immunoreactive cells were found in the circumventricular organs, amygdala, hypothalamic nuclei and the ventrolateral medulla. Smaller numbers were observed in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the thalamic paraventricular nucleus. However, tdRFP positive n ...
... Results: Large numbers of eYFP or tdRFP immunoreactive cells were found in the circumventricular organs, amygdala, hypothalamic nuclei and the ventrolateral medulla. Smaller numbers were observed in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the thalamic paraventricular nucleus. However, tdRFP positive n ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... (younger) neurogenetic gradient within each layer. That gradient is shown between the auditory areas in a rat that was exposed to [3HJthymidine on E17 and E18 and killed on P60 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Nearly all of layer VI and V neurons and many of layer IV neurons are unlabeled ventrally (Figs. 12- ...
... (younger) neurogenetic gradient within each layer. That gradient is shown between the auditory areas in a rat that was exposed to [3HJthymidine on E17 and E18 and killed on P60 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Nearly all of layer VI and V neurons and many of layer IV neurons are unlabeled ventrally (Figs. 12- ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... Researchers have described numerous hypotheses of hippocampal function based on lesion data, attempting to present these hypotheses entirely in verbal terms -- using terms such as “interference”, “response inhibition”, “context”, “temporal contiguity”, “snapshot memory” etc. This method of hypothesi ...
... Researchers have described numerous hypotheses of hippocampal function based on lesion data, attempting to present these hypotheses entirely in verbal terms -- using terms such as “interference”, “response inhibition”, “context”, “temporal contiguity”, “snapshot memory” etc. This method of hypothesi ...
... brain functions, so important in a number of electrophysiological studies, other authors think that the neural system works as an orchestra, where several areas effectively engage to generate a response more or less complex.1 The need to understand and determine the development of human mental activ ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... of all cortical interneurons of which basket and chandelier cells are typical members. These cells do not express SST, VIP, or CCK, but have some overlap labeling with CR and CB. They emit axonal collaterals to the soma, perisomatic dendrites and axons of post-synaptic targets. Functionally, these n ...
... of all cortical interneurons of which basket and chandelier cells are typical members. These cells do not express SST, VIP, or CCK, but have some overlap labeling with CR and CB. They emit axonal collaterals to the soma, perisomatic dendrites and axons of post-synaptic targets. Functionally, these n ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... not paternal (right), germ-line. (B) Ube3a YFP expression was also detected in cerebellar Purkinje cell layer (PL) and in neurons in the granular layer (GR) and molecular layer (ML) when maternally, but not paternally, inherited. (C) Biallelic expression of Ube3a YFP was detected in GFAP-positive ce ...
... not paternal (right), germ-line. (B) Ube3a YFP expression was also detected in cerebellar Purkinje cell layer (PL) and in neurons in the granular layer (GR) and molecular layer (ML) when maternally, but not paternally, inherited. (C) Biallelic expression of Ube3a YFP was detected in GFAP-positive ce ...
gaba-mediated inhibition correlates with orientation selectivity in
... key development in visual neuroscience (Martin, 1988). The relative contributions of excitation and inhibition in generating orientation selectivity serve as a model problem for how synaptic circuitry of the cortex performs a complex computation (Ferster and Miller, 2000). The role of inhibition in ...
... key development in visual neuroscience (Martin, 1988). The relative contributions of excitation and inhibition in generating orientation selectivity serve as a model problem for how synaptic circuitry of the cortex performs a complex computation (Ferster and Miller, 2000). The role of inhibition in ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... pattern to the brainstem trigeminal nuclei occurs along a preexisting, spatially aligned bridge formed by the trigeminal ganglion cells. Primary sensory afferents that connect the periphery to the CNS navigate through a variety of substrates and across considerable distances before contacting target ...
... pattern to the brainstem trigeminal nuclei occurs along a preexisting, spatially aligned bridge formed by the trigeminal ganglion cells. Primary sensory afferents that connect the periphery to the CNS navigate through a variety of substrates and across considerable distances before contacting target ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... a sudden jump from one rate to another, but the jumping time varies from trial to trial in such a way that the trial average shows a smooth ramp (Okamoto et al., 2007). Additional experiments, perhaps with multiple single-unit recording, would help to resolve this issue. Moreover, it is still unclea ...
... a sudden jump from one rate to another, but the jumping time varies from trial to trial in such a way that the trial average shows a smooth ramp (Okamoto et al., 2007). Additional experiments, perhaps with multiple single-unit recording, would help to resolve this issue. Moreover, it is still unclea ...
Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... motivational behaviors.14–17 The striatum, in particular, has been linked to various aspects of learning (for review see Ref. 18), such as habit formation,19 skill learning,20 and reward-related learning.21,22 The multifaceted striatum, therefore, has been posited to integrate information regarding ...
... motivational behaviors.14–17 The striatum, in particular, has been linked to various aspects of learning (for review see Ref. 18), such as habit formation,19 skill learning,20 and reward-related learning.21,22 The multifaceted striatum, therefore, has been posited to integrate information regarding ...
Receptive-Field Characteristics of Neurons in Cat Striate Cortex
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
Receptive-Field Characteristics of Neurons in Cat
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
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... (area 3b). However, hand use rapidly improves over the first post-lesion weeks, and much of the hand representational territory in contralateral area 3b is reactivated by inputs from the hand in roughly a normal somatotopic pattern. Quantitative measures of single neuron response properties reveal t ...
... (area 3b). However, hand use rapidly improves over the first post-lesion weeks, and much of the hand representational territory in contralateral area 3b is reactivated by inputs from the hand in roughly a normal somatotopic pattern. Quantitative measures of single neuron response properties reveal t ...
(2003). Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in
... structures are represented by layers of neurons, with the strength of the connections between neurons corresponding to the association between components of sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as ...
... structures are represented by layers of neurons, with the strength of the connections between neurons corresponding to the association between components of sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as ...
Golgi: a life in science - Oxford Academic
... Waldeyer-Hartz (1836–1921) had coined the term ‘neuron’ for the nerve cell and was an ardent supporter of the neuron doctrine. It was Cajal who gave it the anatomical support. Cajal begrudgingly adopted the term neuron, but dismissed any claims that Waldeyer-Hartz may have made to evidence supportin ...
... Waldeyer-Hartz (1836–1921) had coined the term ‘neuron’ for the nerve cell and was an ardent supporter of the neuron doctrine. It was Cajal who gave it the anatomical support. Cajal begrudgingly adopted the term neuron, but dismissed any claims that Waldeyer-Hartz may have made to evidence supportin ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... Figure 1. Working hypothesis and experimental design. Scheme of signals and neuronal stations involved in this study. Afferent signals that compose the working hypothesis for this study are (solid arcs) consist of Whisking signals (signals that contain information on whisker movement regardless of ...
... Figure 1. Working hypothesis and experimental design. Scheme of signals and neuronal stations involved in this study. Afferent signals that compose the working hypothesis for this study are (solid arcs) consist of Whisking signals (signals that contain information on whisker movement regardless of ...
PREFRONTAL AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE INTERACTIONS IN
... structures are represented by layers of neurons, with the strength of the connections between neurons corresponding to the association between components of sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as ...
... structures are represented by layers of neurons, with the strength of the connections between neurons corresponding to the association between components of sensory information stored in other regions of cortex. A common feature of such models is that units of sensory information are represented as ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... PKA demonstrated to be crucial for the late, protein synthesisdependent phase (6, 24–26). One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a consti ...
... PKA demonstrated to be crucial for the late, protein synthesisdependent phase (6, 24–26). One of the signaling pathways that leads to protein synthesis involves PKA-mediated activation of MAPK, and subsequently, cAMP-response element-binding proteins (CREB) (6, 25, 27). Transgenic mice with a consti ...
Auditory–vocal mirroring in songbirds
... laser ablation of HVCX cells [69]. This manipulation not only had no effect on song, but also killed only slightly more than half of the HVCX cell population. Therefore, a subtler role for ...
... laser ablation of HVCX cells [69]. This manipulation not only had no effect on song, but also killed only slightly more than half of the HVCX cell population. Therefore, a subtler role for ...