Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... (SPI). All SPI were voxel-wise computations of Z-score (SPI[z]), contrasting task state with control state (sham TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulca ...
... (SPI). All SPI were voxel-wise computations of Z-score (SPI[z]), contrasting task state with control state (sham TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulca ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... found that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex show higher activation when expecting a small piece of apple than when expecting cereal. However, when in another trial block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity fo ...
... found that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex show higher activation when expecting a small piece of apple than when expecting cereal. However, when in another trial block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity fo ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range interactions; for long-range interactions, more powerful mechanisms are needed. Accordingly, the hitherto established local RF properties had to be extended to take distant global inputs into account. The i ...
... retinotopic map. Evidently, the classical center-surround RF can only accommodate short-range interactions; for long-range interactions, more powerful mechanisms are needed. Accordingly, the hitherto established local RF properties had to be extended to take distant global inputs into account. The i ...
Neuronal correlates of movement dynamics in the dorsal and ventral
... ‘‘premotor’’ areas harbor early sensorimotor processes and funnel their output into M1, which directly controls the execution of movements. The serial view suggests that the processing of the dynamics —a ‘‘late’’ computational stage —might be largely confined to M1. Anatomical evidence, however, has ...
... ‘‘premotor’’ areas harbor early sensorimotor processes and funnel their output into M1, which directly controls the execution of movements. The serial view suggests that the processing of the dynamics —a ‘‘late’’ computational stage —might be largely confined to M1. Anatomical evidence, however, has ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... the visual field (Tovee et al., 1994; cf earlier work by Gross, 1973, Gross et al., 1985). Some of these neurons even have relatively view-invariant responses, responding to different views of the same face but not of other faces (Hasselmo et al., 1989a). It is clearly important that invariance in t ...
... the visual field (Tovee et al., 1994; cf earlier work by Gross, 1973, Gross et al., 1985). Some of these neurons even have relatively view-invariant responses, responding to different views of the same face but not of other faces (Hasselmo et al., 1989a). It is clearly important that invariance in t ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... and spinal cord and their contribution to sensory-motor integration make possible motor responses that are more complex and precise. This hierarchical organization of the motor system is also well illustrated by the differences in the variability of motor responses between lower and higher animals i ...
... and spinal cord and their contribution to sensory-motor integration make possible motor responses that are more complex and precise. This hierarchical organization of the motor system is also well illustrated by the differences in the variability of motor responses between lower and higher animals i ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... By using a monoclonal antibody to serotonin (5-HT), an immunohistochemical study was undertaken to provide a comprehensive description of the 5-HT-containing neurons and of the distribution of their axonal processes in the cat brain and spinal cord. The localization of cell bodies was comparable to ...
... By using a monoclonal antibody to serotonin (5-HT), an immunohistochemical study was undertaken to provide a comprehensive description of the 5-HT-containing neurons and of the distribution of their axonal processes in the cat brain and spinal cord. The localization of cell bodies was comparable to ...
Kandel and Schwartz, 4th Edition Principles of Neural Science Chap
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
... one or another kind of stimulus and encode information about the stimulus, such as its location and intensity. The receptors in turn excite sensory neurons that form connections with discrete sets of neurons in the spinal cord. The information from each receptor is then analyzed in the brain stem, ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of these face images had ever been seen before. Most were of monkeys which had never been seen before, but some were in some cases different views of monkeys which had been seen before.) This set of no ...
... iteration. Then the standard set of images was replaced with a set of 4-9 novel face images. (None of these face images had ever been seen before. Most were of monkeys which had never been seen before, but some were in some cases different views of monkeys which had been seen before.) This set of no ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... The odours were chosen from a pool of 18 carefully selected odours, which had undergone meticulous psychophysical investigations in 35 subjects at Firmenich (Switzerland) such that the odour concentrations were matched for similar intensity. The pleasant odours chosen were linalyl acetate (¯oral, sw ...
... The odours were chosen from a pool of 18 carefully selected odours, which had undergone meticulous psychophysical investigations in 35 subjects at Firmenich (Switzerland) such that the odour concentrations were matched for similar intensity. The pleasant odours chosen were linalyl acetate (¯oral, sw ...
article in press - Department of Physiology, Development and
... listeners. The primary assumption is that the stimuli can be ordered linearly on the dimension of interest. The resulting scale of speechlikeness is presented in Fig. 2; it is a relative scale in which only differences between conditions have meaning. The scale shows clearly that the two synthetic-v ...
... listeners. The primary assumption is that the stimuli can be ordered linearly on the dimension of interest. The resulting scale of speechlikeness is presented in Fig. 2; it is a relative scale in which only differences between conditions have meaning. The scale shows clearly that the two synthetic-v ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... states and actions that are separately represented by the population of neurons of individual minicolumns. A state is indicated by the perception of specific sensory stimuli or the perception of reward received, while an action is indicated by proprioceptive input about motor activity. According to o ...
... states and actions that are separately represented by the population of neurons of individual minicolumns. A state is indicated by the perception of specific sensory stimuli or the perception of reward received, while an action is indicated by proprioceptive input about motor activity. According to o ...
CNS – composed of the brain and spinal cord Cephalization
... The amount of sensory cortex devoted to a given body region is related to the degree of sensitivity in that region, and not the body size (e.g. face, lips, ...
... The amount of sensory cortex devoted to a given body region is related to the degree of sensitivity in that region, and not the body size (e.g. face, lips, ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 40.1 Periodic activation in sleep cycles
... trigmenial motor nuclei; AHC, anterior horn cell. From Hobson et al. (2000). FIGURE 40.10 The Reciprocal Interaction (RI) Model (A) In the original RI model (Hobson et al., 1975; McCarley & Hobson, 1975), REM-on cholinergic neurons (Green triangle, solid line) both selfexcite and excite aminergic RE ...
... trigmenial motor nuclei; AHC, anterior horn cell. From Hobson et al. (2000). FIGURE 40.10 The Reciprocal Interaction (RI) Model (A) In the original RI model (Hobson et al., 1975; McCarley & Hobson, 1975), REM-on cholinergic neurons (Green triangle, solid line) both selfexcite and excite aminergic RE ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... 1993) and that the proportion of simple cells in the visual cortex is highest in L-IV, whereas complex cells are found mostly in supra- and infragranular layers (Hubel & Wiesel 1968, Gilbert 1977). Together these data support the notion that at each level of cortical processing, the neurons are samp ...
... 1993) and that the proportion of simple cells in the visual cortex is highest in L-IV, whereas complex cells are found mostly in supra- and infragranular layers (Hubel & Wiesel 1968, Gilbert 1977). Together these data support the notion that at each level of cortical processing, the neurons are samp ...
Magnitude of the Object Recognition Deficit
... extreme D2 scores (both positive and negative). The occasional presence of these very high or very low scores led to increased variance and so increased the likelihood of null results in an experimental design that required multiple individual comparisons across different conditions. While the profi ...
... extreme D2 scores (both positive and negative). The occasional presence of these very high or very low scores led to increased variance and so increased the likelihood of null results in an experimental design that required multiple individual comparisons across different conditions. While the profi ...
Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of
... pyramidal neurons (16, 17, 21) and spines (26), and it decreases the amount of synaptic formation (18) and neurotrophic receptor expression (16). The function of the affected neurons is also impaired, which show suppressed c-Fos expression after spatial learning (25), reduced acetylcholine synthesis ...
... pyramidal neurons (16, 17, 21) and spines (26), and it decreases the amount of synaptic formation (18) and neurotrophic receptor expression (16). The function of the affected neurons is also impaired, which show suppressed c-Fos expression after spatial learning (25), reduced acetylcholine synthesis ...
Learning Innate Face Preferences
... et al., 1997). Moreover, some neurons in the adult superior colliculus/pulvinar pathway appear to be selective for faces (Morris et al., 1999), although such neurons have not yet been found in young animals. The model also helps explain why infants after one month of age show a reduced interest in f ...
... et al., 1997). Moreover, some neurons in the adult superior colliculus/pulvinar pathway appear to be selective for faces (Morris et al., 1999), although such neurons have not yet been found in young animals. The model also helps explain why infants after one month of age show a reduced interest in f ...
Banbury notes 05 - University of Illinois Archives
... Cerebellar LTD induction is enhanced in the KO mouse CPCCOet blocks LTD – mGluR1-specific antagonist Eyeblink conditioning (delay—non-hippocampal): airpuff/tone: KOs basically fail entirely to learn – ultimately some learning but far behind Lesion dentate nucleus in controls reduces them to KO equiv ...
... Cerebellar LTD induction is enhanced in the KO mouse CPCCOet blocks LTD – mGluR1-specific antagonist Eyeblink conditioning (delay—non-hippocampal): airpuff/tone: KOs basically fail entirely to learn – ultimately some learning but far behind Lesion dentate nucleus in controls reduces them to KO equiv ...
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
... high-speed calcium imaging will facilitate optical studies of information processing in brain microcircuits. ...
... high-speed calcium imaging will facilitate optical studies of information processing in brain microcircuits. ...
Ventromedial Thalamic Neurons Convey Nociceptive Signals from
... A total of 135 units responding to cutaneous stimulation were recorded in an area 3.1–3.8 mm caudal to bregma and 1.4 –2 mm lateral to the midline (Fig. 1). This region corresponds to the lateral half of the VMl. Most (80%) of the VMl units exhibited spontaneous activity. The level of this spontaneo ...
... A total of 135 units responding to cutaneous stimulation were recorded in an area 3.1–3.8 mm caudal to bregma and 1.4 –2 mm lateral to the midline (Fig. 1). This region corresponds to the lateral half of the VMl. Most (80%) of the VMl units exhibited spontaneous activity. The level of this spontaneo ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... of the Simian Neocortex........................................................................................... 318 6.2.1. Volumetric Expansion of the Simian Neocortex............................................ 318 6.2.2. Increased Foliation of the Simian Neocortex............................... ...
... of the Simian Neocortex........................................................................................... 318 6.2.1. Volumetric Expansion of the Simian Neocortex............................................ 318 6.2.2. Increased Foliation of the Simian Neocortex............................... ...
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
... • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the ...
... • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... found more extensive expression of NgR in the cerebellar cortex than previously reported and, in addition, we have shown that NgR is differentially expressed in various regions of the forebrain. In particular, neostriatal neurons and neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and TRN appear n ...
... found more extensive expression of NgR in the cerebellar cortex than previously reported and, in addition, we have shown that NgR is differentially expressed in various regions of the forebrain. In particular, neostriatal neurons and neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and TRN appear n ...