Conserved pattern of tangential neuronal migration
... gravid females and collect limited numbers of turtle eggs every year in France. This study was performed over several years because only a limited number of eggs are accessible each year during a short period of time (4 weeks). A total of 420 eggs of Emys orbicularis, ranging from embryonic stages 1 ...
... gravid females and collect limited numbers of turtle eggs every year in France. This study was performed over several years because only a limited number of eggs are accessible each year during a short period of time (4 weeks). A total of 420 eggs of Emys orbicularis, ranging from embryonic stages 1 ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... the terminal degeneration at the electron microscope level and to attempt to identify the cortical neuronal elements in layer IV receiving the geniculocortical afferents. In this first article the nature and the distribution of the geniculocortical afferents will be considered, and in subsequent art ...
... the terminal degeneration at the electron microscope level and to attempt to identify the cortical neuronal elements in layer IV receiving the geniculocortical afferents. In this first article the nature and the distribution of the geniculocortical afferents will be considered, and in subsequent art ...
Associationism
... with a neutral stimulus, such as a bell. Over time, the contiguity between the US and the neutral stimulus causes the neutral stimulus to provoke the same response as the US. Once the bell starts to provoke salivation, the bell has become a ‘conditioned stimulus’ (CS) and the salivating, when prompt ...
... with a neutral stimulus, such as a bell. Over time, the contiguity between the US and the neutral stimulus causes the neutral stimulus to provoke the same response as the US. Once the bell starts to provoke salivation, the bell has become a ‘conditioned stimulus’ (CS) and the salivating, when prompt ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... called “mirror neurons”, fire both when a monkey grasps 3D-objects and when he observes humans executing the same movements, indicating the existence of an action observation/execution matching system that could be responsible for the capacity of individuals to recognize actions made by others. In a ...
... called “mirror neurons”, fire both when a monkey grasps 3D-objects and when he observes humans executing the same movements, indicating the existence of an action observation/execution matching system that could be responsible for the capacity of individuals to recognize actions made by others. In a ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
... evaluated. Thus, they hypothesized that the brain is endowed with modulatory systems that affect the development of memories, but do not store them. Consistent with this, administration of adrenal stress hormones after learning was found to facilitate retention in apetitively or aversively motivated ...
... evaluated. Thus, they hypothesized that the brain is endowed with modulatory systems that affect the development of memories, but do not store them. Consistent with this, administration of adrenal stress hormones after learning was found to facilitate retention in apetitively or aversively motivated ...
PDF preprint - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... therefore that the lateral connections modulate rather than drive V1 activity. It can be shown (Wiener, 1994; Cowan, 1997; Bressloff et al., 2000) that the weighting function defined in equation (1.2) has a well defined symmetry: it is invariant with respect to certain operations in the plane of V1–tra ...
... therefore that the lateral connections modulate rather than drive V1 activity. It can be shown (Wiener, 1994; Cowan, 1997; Bressloff et al., 2000) that the weighting function defined in equation (1.2) has a well defined symmetry: it is invariant with respect to certain operations in the plane of V1–tra ...
View/Open
... that pass from the optic tracts mainly into the superior colliculi and other portions of the older visual system. Fields of Vision; Perimetry The field of vision is the visual area seen by an eye at a given instant. The area seen to the nasal side is called the nasal field of vision, and the area se ...
... that pass from the optic tracts mainly into the superior colliculi and other portions of the older visual system. Fields of Vision; Perimetry The field of vision is the visual area seen by an eye at a given instant. The area seen to the nasal side is called the nasal field of vision, and the area se ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
ZAPORIZHZHIA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
... Reflex actions are the simplest form of movement. A reflex action is a stereotyped response to a specific sensory stimulus. The reflex elicited depends on the site of the stimulus and the strength of the stimulus determines the amplitude of the response. Reflex responses are used by higher motor cen ...
... Reflex actions are the simplest form of movement. A reflex action is a stereotyped response to a specific sensory stimulus. The reflex elicited depends on the site of the stimulus and the strength of the stimulus determines the amplitude of the response. Reflex responses are used by higher motor cen ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... system. In particular, several studies have demonstrated ‘baseline shift’ attention signals [10] in which neural activity in visual and association areas, including SPL, IPS and in some cases IPL, increases as a function of attentional preparation even before the target stimulus appears [23••,48••,4 ...
... system. In particular, several studies have demonstrated ‘baseline shift’ attention signals [10] in which neural activity in visual and association areas, including SPL, IPS and in some cases IPL, increases as a function of attentional preparation even before the target stimulus appears [23••,48••,4 ...
Localization of the GABA, Receptor in the Rat Brain with a
... nigra, dorsolateral and medium geniculate nuclei, and the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, among other areas, were rich in GABA, receptor immunoreactivity. In the cerebellum the granule cell layer had more immunoreactivity than did the molecular layer. In the hippocampus the receptor was most abu ...
... nigra, dorsolateral and medium geniculate nuclei, and the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, among other areas, were rich in GABA, receptor immunoreactivity. In the cerebellum the granule cell layer had more immunoreactivity than did the molecular layer. In the hippocampus the receptor was most abu ...
PDF
... describes a source of input to the LSO that complements bushy cell projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of the rat label axons and swellings in several brainstem structures, including the ipsilatera ...
... describes a source of input to the LSO that complements bushy cell projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of the rat label axons and swellings in several brainstem structures, including the ipsilatera ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... MJ Slattery2, RJ Davidson2,3,5,10,11, AS Fox2,3,4,5,10,11 and NH Kalin2,3,4,5,10 Some individuals are endowed with a biology that renders them more reactive to novelty and potential threat. When extreme, this anxious temperament (AT) confers elevated risk for the development of anxiety, depression a ...
... MJ Slattery2, RJ Davidson2,3,5,10,11, AS Fox2,3,4,5,10,11 and NH Kalin2,3,4,5,10 Some individuals are endowed with a biology that renders them more reactive to novelty and potential threat. When extreme, this anxious temperament (AT) confers elevated risk for the development of anxiety, depression a ...
PhD Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... forebrain midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord domains are formed. The patterning of this region is associated with precise antero-posterior expression domains or gradients of several regulatory genes coding for transcription factors. The early patterning of anterior and posterior neural tissues is m ...
... forebrain midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord domains are formed. The patterning of this region is associated with precise antero-posterior expression domains or gradients of several regulatory genes coding for transcription factors. The early patterning of anterior and posterior neural tissues is m ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... Sheep affected with the CLN6 form provide a valuable model to investigate underlying disease mechanisms from preclinical stages. Excitatory neuron loss in these sheep is markedly regional, localized early reactive changes accurately predicting neuron loss and subsequent symptom development. This inv ...
... Sheep affected with the CLN6 form provide a valuable model to investigate underlying disease mechanisms from preclinical stages. Excitatory neuron loss in these sheep is markedly regional, localized early reactive changes accurately predicting neuron loss and subsequent symptom development. This inv ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... There have long been suggestions that V4 contains functional compartments. The original evidence for this idea comes from anatomical studies in which retrograde tracer injections in V4 labeled either predominantly thin stripes (associated with color) or pale stripes (associated with form) in area V2 ...
... There have long been suggestions that V4 contains functional compartments. The original evidence for this idea comes from anatomical studies in which retrograde tracer injections in V4 labeled either predominantly thin stripes (associated with color) or pale stripes (associated with form) in area V2 ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... Evidence of category specificity from neuroimaging in the human visual system is generally limited to a few relatively coarse categorical distinctions— e.g., faces versus bodies, or animals versus artifacts—leaving unknown the neural underpinnings of fine-grained category structure within these larg ...
... Evidence of category specificity from neuroimaging in the human visual system is generally limited to a few relatively coarse categorical distinctions— e.g., faces versus bodies, or animals versus artifacts—leaving unknown the neural underpinnings of fine-grained category structure within these larg ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... anaesthesia prevents the O.D. shift in kittens which receive monocular exposure (109). Probably this effect is due to the blockade of NMDA receptors by ketamine (156). Evidence concerning the role of GluIAsp transmission involving NMDA receptors comes also from the model experiments on the amphibian ...
... anaesthesia prevents the O.D. shift in kittens which receive monocular exposure (109). Probably this effect is due to the blockade of NMDA receptors by ketamine (156). Evidence concerning the role of GluIAsp transmission involving NMDA receptors comes also from the model experiments on the amphibian ...
How the hippocampus preserves order: the role of
... record neuronal activity from healthy tissue as well as create focal lesions to assess the necessity of a region for a behavioral task. Thus, we provide some discussion of this here but refer readers to other recent reviews for more in-depth discussion [8,64–67]. Lesion work in rodents clearly demon ...
... record neuronal activity from healthy tissue as well as create focal lesions to assess the necessity of a region for a behavioral task. Thus, we provide some discussion of this here but refer readers to other recent reviews for more in-depth discussion [8,64–67]. Lesion work in rodents clearly demon ...
The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
... to the primary motor cortex. Feedback from the basal nuclei and cerebellum modifies those commands, and output along the conscious and subconscious pathways directs involuntary adjustments in position and muscle tone. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... to the primary motor cortex. Feedback from the basal nuclei and cerebellum modifies those commands, and output along the conscious and subconscious pathways directs involuntary adjustments in position and muscle tone. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
... to the primary motor cortex. Feedback from the basal nuclei and cerebellum modifies those commands, and output along the conscious and subconscious pathways directs involuntary adjustments in position and muscle tone. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... to the primary motor cortex. Feedback from the basal nuclei and cerebellum modifies those commands, and output along the conscious and subconscious pathways directs involuntary adjustments in position and muscle tone. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... vision, hearing, and taste. • Other areas are relay nuclei for limbic structures. • Motor nuclei receive input from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and project to the motor association cortex. • As the termination site for the RAS, it plays an important role in arousal and sleepproducing fun ...
... vision, hearing, and taste. • Other areas are relay nuclei for limbic structures. • Motor nuclei receive input from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia and project to the motor association cortex. • As the termination site for the RAS, it plays an important role in arousal and sleepproducing fun ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed unders ...
... of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated that there are many mechanisms for LTD in different brain regions, some of these are well conserved (Malenka & Bear, 2004). The study of LTD in hippocampus and visual cortex has led to a detailed unders ...
The Neuroscientist
... often been assumed to simple relay information from the IC to auditory cortex. However, the multiple subdivisions of the MGB have diverse connections with brain circuits responsible for a number of functions, including conditioned avoidance behavior (reviewed Winer 1992). There is also physiological ...
... often been assumed to simple relay information from the IC to auditory cortex. However, the multiple subdivisions of the MGB have diverse connections with brain circuits responsible for a number of functions, including conditioned avoidance behavior (reviewed Winer 1992). There is also physiological ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... found that double-labeled neurons were nearly always restricted to the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. S ...
... found that double-labeled neurons were nearly always restricted to the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. S ...