12 - PHSchool.com
... The cerebral cortex is composed of gray matter: neuron cell bodies, dendrites, associated glia and blood vessels, but no fiber tracts. It contains billions of neurons arranged in six layers. Although it is only 2–4 mm (about 1/8 inch) thick, it accounts for roughly 40% of total brain mass. Its many ...
... The cerebral cortex is composed of gray matter: neuron cell bodies, dendrites, associated glia and blood vessels, but no fiber tracts. It contains billions of neurons arranged in six layers. Although it is only 2–4 mm (about 1/8 inch) thick, it accounts for roughly 40% of total brain mass. Its many ...
Wernicke`s Aphasia
... perisylvian region, including the posterior superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). The angular gyrus (AG) is located posterior to the SMG. ...
... perisylvian region, including the posterior superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). The angular gyrus (AG) is located posterior to the SMG. ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... (AFC). In this behavioral paradigm, an initial neutral tone (conditioned stimulus, CS) acquires aversive predictive properties after successive pairings with a footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) and comes to elicit responses characteristically elicited by threatening stimuli. In this behavioral ...
... (AFC). In this behavioral paradigm, an initial neutral tone (conditioned stimulus, CS) acquires aversive predictive properties after successive pairings with a footshock (unconditioned stimulus, US) and comes to elicit responses characteristically elicited by threatening stimuli. In this behavioral ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
Lecture 26-BasalGanglia
... L-dopa exhibits a large first-pass effect Only about 1% reaches brain tissue ...
... L-dopa exhibits a large first-pass effect Only about 1% reaches brain tissue ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individuals experienced a decrease in loudness is in agreement with the reported findings that cells in the ICX can respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either ...
... individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individuals experienced a decrease in loudness is in agreement with the reported findings that cells in the ICX can respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either ...
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
... with appropriate controls (normals). CAT and AChE activity decreased as mean senile plaque count rose, and these changes correlated with the degree of intellectual impairment. Because of the relationship of the cholinergic system to memory and nonmemory cognitive function, it has been postulated tha ...
... with appropriate controls (normals). CAT and AChE activity decreased as mean senile plaque count rose, and these changes correlated with the degree of intellectual impairment. Because of the relationship of the cholinergic system to memory and nonmemory cognitive function, it has been postulated tha ...
Chapter 143: Auditory System - Physiology
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
... effect. The arrows illustrate the direction of the sound waves and their pattern of reflection and refraction around the head. Baffle effect refers to the fact that sound waves impinging on a surface such as the head will be reflected. The incident and reflected waves may then combine near the side ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
... these two levels of descriptions, the perspective-related terms 3PP and 1PP are used to indicate the phenomenal level, whereas the egocentric reference frame studied here refers to the cognitive or neural level as conceptualized by the onlooking scientific observer. The crucial difference is that 3P ...
... these two levels of descriptions, the perspective-related terms 3PP and 1PP are used to indicate the phenomenal level, whereas the egocentric reference frame studied here refers to the cognitive or neural level as conceptualized by the onlooking scientific observer. The crucial difference is that 3P ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... a large horizontal expanse of layer IV in a single section. Once the tissue was stained, distinct clusters of densely packed neurons were visible. The grid-like arrangement of the 35 clusters resembled wine casks, calling out for the name barrels (Figure 21.6B). The insight of Woolsey and van der Lo ...
... a large horizontal expanse of layer IV in a single section. Once the tissue was stained, distinct clusters of densely packed neurons were visible. The grid-like arrangement of the 35 clusters resembled wine casks, calling out for the name barrels (Figure 21.6B). The insight of Woolsey and van der Lo ...
Full version (PDF file)
... interneurons can be divided into dendrite-targeting (with many subgroups), soma-targeting and axon-targeting interneurons. The CR+ neurons are mostly dendrite targeting, similarly as CB+ neurons, but unlike PV+ neurons which typically innervate soma or axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons. More ...
... interneurons can be divided into dendrite-targeting (with many subgroups), soma-targeting and axon-targeting interneurons. The CR+ neurons are mostly dendrite targeting, similarly as CB+ neurons, but unlike PV+ neurons which typically innervate soma or axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons. More ...
Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
... pulse type (Strogatz, 1994; Buzsaki, 2006). This implies that spikes of principal cells are typically concentrated in a limited phase range (called the output or duty cycle) and separated from the phase range in which inhibitory neurons are active, and in which the cycle length and amplitude can be ...
... pulse type (Strogatz, 1994; Buzsaki, 2006). This implies that spikes of principal cells are typically concentrated in a limited phase range (called the output or duty cycle) and separated from the phase range in which inhibitory neurons are active, and in which the cycle length and amplitude can be ...
Visual Receptive Field Properties of Neurons in the Superficial
... orientation-selective responses are discovered in the mouse SC, and they are not affected by cortical lesion or long-term visual deprivation. However, ON/OFF characteristics and spatial frequency tuning of SC neurons are influenced by cortical inputs and require visual experience during development. ...
... orientation-selective responses are discovered in the mouse SC, and they are not affected by cortical lesion or long-term visual deprivation. However, ON/OFF characteristics and spatial frequency tuning of SC neurons are influenced by cortical inputs and require visual experience during development. ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... then the stimulus repetition did not always produce recency effects. When the same stimulus was repeated as the sample on consecutive DMS trials, responses to each sample were not significantly different (Miller et al 1991b, 1993). Neither these recency effects (habituation and match suppression) no ...
... then the stimulus repetition did not always produce recency effects. When the same stimulus was repeated as the sample on consecutive DMS trials, responses to each sample were not significantly different (Miller et al 1991b, 1993). Neither these recency effects (habituation and match suppression) no ...
The Mind-Body Problem and Current Behavioral
... If, according to some data (BLA – non declarative; Portavela et al, 2004, 2005), in Instrumental Fear Conditioning experimental settings, creatures do not rely on Declarative Memory in order to anticipate the US by the presentation of CS, what drives them to avoid the supposedly neutral CS? By dism ...
... If, according to some data (BLA – non declarative; Portavela et al, 2004, 2005), in Instrumental Fear Conditioning experimental settings, creatures do not rely on Declarative Memory in order to anticipate the US by the presentation of CS, what drives them to avoid the supposedly neutral CS? By dism ...
(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... the visual stimulus. Moreover, the results with single RF stimuli fail to provide a parallel to the most classic effect of attention on V4 neurons, namely that attention alters responses to pairs of RF stimuli in favor of the selected stimulus (Moran and Desimone, 1985; Reynolds et al., 1999). There ...
... the visual stimulus. Moreover, the results with single RF stimuli fail to provide a parallel to the most classic effect of attention on V4 neurons, namely that attention alters responses to pairs of RF stimuli in favor of the selected stimulus (Moran and Desimone, 1985; Reynolds et al., 1999). There ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... three information processing systems. Which system(s) represents (and therefore potentially stores) information pertaining to a given situation depends on the degree of correspondence between the relationship among the elements of the situation and the fixed information processing style of each syst ...
... three information processing systems. Which system(s) represents (and therefore potentially stores) information pertaining to a given situation depends on the degree of correspondence between the relationship among the elements of the situation and the fixed information processing style of each syst ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... accomplished using antidromic stimulation methods. Using this approach, the axonal conduction properties of cortical efferent neurons are described. Four projection sites were activated using electrical stimulation: (1) vibrissal motor cortex, (2) ventrobasal thalamus (VB), (3) posteromedial thalami ...
... accomplished using antidromic stimulation methods. Using this approach, the axonal conduction properties of cortical efferent neurons are described. Four projection sites were activated using electrical stimulation: (1) vibrissal motor cortex, (2) ventrobasal thalamus (VB), (3) posteromedial thalami ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... patches of zinc-positive (Zn+) terminations, preferentially in the preRolandic and limbic areas. The upper layer modularity can frequently be demonstrated by parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-ir) GABAergic terminations and by bundles of apical dendrites. Double-labeling or alternate section analysis sh ...
... patches of zinc-positive (Zn+) terminations, preferentially in the preRolandic and limbic areas. The upper layer modularity can frequently be demonstrated by parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-ir) GABAergic terminations and by bundles of apical dendrites. Double-labeling or alternate section analysis sh ...
Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: A combined
... between neurons. The focus of our studies on connections between neurons has been area 17 of rat visual cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977 ...
... between neurons. The focus of our studies on connections between neurons has been area 17 of rat visual cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977 ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... The other pathway also beginswith the primary visual cortex but continues through multiple prestriate areasinto the inferior temporal cortex. This “ventral stream” appearsto play an important role in pattern vision, color vision, and object recognition. Although the original evidence for the 2 syste ...
... The other pathway also beginswith the primary visual cortex but continues through multiple prestriate areasinto the inferior temporal cortex. This “ventral stream” appearsto play an important role in pattern vision, color vision, and object recognition. Although the original evidence for the 2 syste ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... well separated SF domains in cat area 17. The relative phase of the sine wave gratings was fixed to zero, such that the pair moved as a coherent whole. Both sinusoidal components therefore moved with the same speed, but each component grating had a different TF because they had different SFs. Exampl ...
... well separated SF domains in cat area 17. The relative phase of the sine wave gratings was fixed to zero, such that the pair moved as a coherent whole. Both sinusoidal components therefore moved with the same speed, but each component grating had a different TF because they had different SFs. Exampl ...
Alan Peters
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...
... mathematically oriented, and for them the emphasis was on mathematics, physics, chemistry, German, and Latin. The third group, the one to which I was assigned, was the "B form." We were considered not bright enough to understand advanced mathematics and physics, so our emphasis was on biology, chemi ...