A Brainstem Network Mediating Apneic Reflexes in the Rat
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... CSs and USs that evoke behaviours associated with fear. One well-known (and ethically controversial) fear conditioning experiment was performed by John Watson in 1919 [73]. In his experiment, Watson taught an infant (known as ‘Albert B.’) to fear a white rat. Initially the infant was presented with ...
... CSs and USs that evoke behaviours associated with fear. One well-known (and ethically controversial) fear conditioning experiment was performed by John Watson in 1919 [73]. In his experiment, Watson taught an infant (known as ‘Albert B.’) to fear a white rat. Initially the infant was presented with ...
Learning - cloudfront.net
... diminished response, but in this case it’s a form of learning rather than a function of the sensory system. If you’re exposed to the same stimulus over and over, your response decreases. A friend might sneak up and startle you by yelling “Boo!” But you’ll probably startle less when he tries it again ...
... diminished response, but in this case it’s a form of learning rather than a function of the sensory system. If you’re exposed to the same stimulus over and over, your response decreases. A friend might sneak up and startle you by yelling “Boo!” But you’ll probably startle less when he tries it again ...
Anatomical and Neurochemical Definition of the Nucleus of the Stria
... outlines the whole POM throughout its entire rostral-tocaudal extent (Viglietti-Panzica et al., 1994). VT-ir neurons are found in a periventricular position, lining the ependymal wall of the third ventricle, close to the pial surface of the preoptic area and in the nucleus paraventricularis. They ar ...
... outlines the whole POM throughout its entire rostral-tocaudal extent (Viglietti-Panzica et al., 1994). VT-ir neurons are found in a periventricular position, lining the ependymal wall of the third ventricle, close to the pial surface of the preoptic area and in the nucleus paraventricularis. They ar ...
Cortical Plasticity - Lund University Publications
... the mapping is somatotopic, which, as mentioned above, means neighbouring cortical regions responds to neighbouring regions on the skin surface. However, a cortical map does not need to be a representation of spatially separated features. It can also, for example, be a representation of temporally s ...
... the mapping is somatotopic, which, as mentioned above, means neighbouring cortical regions responds to neighbouring regions on the skin surface. However, a cortical map does not need to be a representation of spatially separated features. It can also, for example, be a representation of temporally s ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... Different models were constructed in order to identify the concurrent neural correlates as well as the neural antecedents of the hedonic regulation of performance as measured in the conflict task. In order to do so, analyses focused on neural activity during the current flanker trial (focusing on conc ...
... Different models were constructed in order to identify the concurrent neural correlates as well as the neural antecedents of the hedonic regulation of performance as measured in the conflict task. In order to do so, analyses focused on neural activity during the current flanker trial (focusing on conc ...
Processing of complex stimuli and natural scenes in the visual cortex
... extensively studied and a diverse range of these have been described (see Allman et al. and Fitzpatrick [20,21] for a review). A recent study sought to classify these effects [22]. But instead of finding a unified picture of contextual effects, the authors came up with a different point of view: re ...
... extensively studied and a diverse range of these have been described (see Allman et al. and Fitzpatrick [20,21] for a review). A recent study sought to classify these effects [22]. But instead of finding a unified picture of contextual effects, the authors came up with a different point of view: re ...
Blepharospasm
... The OO muscle is innervated unilaterally from the facial nucleus and the levator palpebrae (LP) muscle is innervated bilaterally from the central caudal subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus. The synaptic circuitry of the input to these brainstem nuclei is being worked out. [23] [24] Primary sensory ...
... The OO muscle is innervated unilaterally from the facial nucleus and the levator palpebrae (LP) muscle is innervated bilaterally from the central caudal subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus. The synaptic circuitry of the input to these brainstem nuclei is being worked out. [23] [24] Primary sensory ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... Despite decades of research, the neural mechanisms of spatial working memory remain poorly understood. Although the dorsal hippocampus is known to be critical for memoryguided behavior, experimental evidence suggests that spatial working memory depends not only on the hippocampus itself, but also on ...
... Despite decades of research, the neural mechanisms of spatial working memory remain poorly understood. Although the dorsal hippocampus is known to be critical for memoryguided behavior, experimental evidence suggests that spatial working memory depends not only on the hippocampus itself, but also on ...
Role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens in mediating interactions
... Despite decades of research, the neural mechanisms of spatial working memory remain poorly understood. Although the dorsal hippocampus is known to be critical for memoryguided behavior, experimental evidence suggests that spatial working memory depends not only on the hippocampus itself, but also on ...
... Despite decades of research, the neural mechanisms of spatial working memory remain poorly understood. Although the dorsal hippocampus is known to be critical for memoryguided behavior, experimental evidence suggests that spatial working memory depends not only on the hippocampus itself, but also on ...
Paraneoplastic Syndrome and Mimics: What the
... MRI demonstrates significantly more involvement than the CT, and we see the characteristic imaging pattern of asymmetric abnormal T2/FLAIR signal intensity involving the temporal lobes and insula.The parietal lobe is also involved as seen on CT, and the T1 image demonstrates hyperintensitymirroring ...
... MRI demonstrates significantly more involvement than the CT, and we see the characteristic imaging pattern of asymmetric abnormal T2/FLAIR signal intensity involving the temporal lobes and insula.The parietal lobe is also involved as seen on CT, and the T1 image demonstrates hyperintensitymirroring ...
Human Neural Systems for Face Recognition and Social
... been found even in nonmammalian species, such as snakes and chickens, as well as in mammals. Shared attention, on the other hand, appears to be more exclusively found in higher primates and may have evolved to facilitate interactions in complex social groups. The superior bank of the superior tempor ...
... been found even in nonmammalian species, such as snakes and chickens, as well as in mammals. Shared attention, on the other hand, appears to be more exclusively found in higher primates and may have evolved to facilitate interactions in complex social groups. The superior bank of the superior tempor ...
Overview of NVLD Chapter 2
... visual perception, and complex psychomotor skills, and in dealing with novel circumstances. However, here as well, findings can be somewhat inconsistent. For instance, in Wilkinson and Semrud-Clikeman’s (2008) study of motor speed in children and adolescents with nonverbal learning disabilities, they ...
... visual perception, and complex psychomotor skills, and in dealing with novel circumstances. However, here as well, findings can be somewhat inconsistent. For instance, in Wilkinson and Semrud-Clikeman’s (2008) study of motor speed in children and adolescents with nonverbal learning disabilities, they ...
Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain
... response (S–R) associations. Given a situation or stimulus S, the animal tries a response R. If the outcome is positive, the connection between S and R is strengthened; if the outcome is negative, the connection is weakened. In this way, the advantageous response or responses for each situation beco ...
... response (S–R) associations. Given a situation or stimulus S, the animal tries a response R. If the outcome is positive, the connection between S and R is strengthened; if the outcome is negative, the connection is weakened. In this way, the advantageous response or responses for each situation beco ...
VALUE-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE BRAIN: SIMULATION IN
... illustrate value-dependent acquisition of a simple foveation response to a visual stimulus. We then examine the improvement that ensues when the connections to the value system are themselves plastic and thus become able to mediate acquired value. Using a second-order conditioning paradigm, we demon ...
... illustrate value-dependent acquisition of a simple foveation response to a visual stimulus. We then examine the improvement that ensues when the connections to the value system are themselves plastic and thus become able to mediate acquired value. Using a second-order conditioning paradigm, we demon ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... In the primary visual cortex of the brain, as in other cortical areas, neurons specialized to process particular aspects of the visual input are arranged in complex spatial patterns, called cortical maps, and interact through a dense network of intracortical connections. Recently it was demonstrated ...
... In the primary visual cortex of the brain, as in other cortical areas, neurons specialized to process particular aspects of the visual input are arranged in complex spatial patterns, called cortical maps, and interact through a dense network of intracortical connections. Recently it was demonstrated ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... The inferior olivary nucleus is the source of the climbing fibres, one of the two major afferent pathways into the cerebellum. This thesis is concerned with aspects of the cellular anat ...
... The inferior olivary nucleus is the source of the climbing fibres, one of the two major afferent pathways into the cerebellum. This thesis is concerned with aspects of the cellular anat ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Somatosensory information may also reach the hypothalamus via a direct route: a projection to the lateral hypothalamic area from wide-dynamic-range mechanoreceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Auditory input. Despite extensive study, no direct projection to the hypothalamus from the auditory ...
... Somatosensory information may also reach the hypothalamus via a direct route: a projection to the lateral hypothalamic area from wide-dynamic-range mechanoreceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Auditory input. Despite extensive study, no direct projection to the hypothalamus from the auditory ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
... behaviors. That a cortical area exhibits a new type of behavior does not necessarily mean that the circuit must possess unique biological machineries completely different from those of other areas. Hence, persistent activity may be generated in the PFC when the strength of recurrent excitation (medi ...
Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks
... Received 27 February 2015; Accepted 6 July 2015 ...
... Received 27 February 2015; Accepted 6 July 2015 ...
The auditory cortex
... may have been strong determinants for the evolution of the AC and its parcellation into ®elds of functional signi®cance. Good examples are nine specialized auditory cortical ®elds of the echolocating mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii (e.g., Suga 1988, 1994; Horikawa and Suga 1991; compare Liu and S ...
... may have been strong determinants for the evolution of the AC and its parcellation into ®elds of functional signi®cance. Good examples are nine specialized auditory cortical ®elds of the echolocating mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii (e.g., Suga 1988, 1994; Horikawa and Suga 1991; compare Liu and S ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum that are the start of the indirect pathway. ...
... expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum that are the start of the indirect pathway. ...
1 Introduction
... contradicting tuples, and concl(H), the number of all tuples for which the conclusion predicate of the hypothesis holds, are used for calculating the acceptance criterion for fully instantiated rule schemata. As this example implies, Rdt/db is able to handle negative examples. These are either expli ...
... contradicting tuples, and concl(H), the number of all tuples for which the conclusion predicate of the hypothesis holds, are used for calculating the acceptance criterion for fully instantiated rule schemata. As this example implies, Rdt/db is able to handle negative examples. These are either expli ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...