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... - Behaviourists believe that behaviours are learnt rather than natural. Therefore they believe that people learn to be phobic rather than are born phobic. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning  Classical conditioning is learning by association and is when people learn to  Operant conditionin ...
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Temporal Aspects of Visual Extinction

... Primary Motor (frontal) Premotor (frontal) ...
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Learning

... Discrimination: to be able to differentiate between stimuli Extinction: a process by which the effects of conditioning are reduced and finally disappear Spontaneous recovery: the reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction ...
syllabus
syllabus

... Latent Inhibition / CS Pre-Exposure Effect [96-97] US Pre-Exposure Effect Sensitization [103] (increased responsiveness to ANY stimulus after presentation of a strong US) Generalization and Discrimination [73-74] Role of the response in modern interpretations of classical conditioning may really jus ...
• behavior modification • biofeedback • neurofeedback • latent
• behavior modification • biofeedback • neurofeedback • latent

... 1. Describe Pavlov’s pioneering research on classical conditioning (CC). 2. How do you create a conditioned response (CR)? 3. Think about stimulus generalization and discrimination. Predict what would be the adaptive significance of both of these responses. 4. Explain the key factor in producing ext ...
CHAPTER 6: LEARNING
CHAPTER 6: LEARNING

... Chapter 6 Section 3: Cognitive Factors in Learning ...
THE THREE LEARNING SCIENCES (BIOLOGICAL, ARTIFICIAL
THE THREE LEARNING SCIENCES (BIOLOGICAL, ARTIFICIAL

... Learning is existential, and so its study must be complex and interdisciplinary. Over the past centuries, researchers from different fields have developed many theories to explain how humans and animals learn and behave, i.e., how they acquire, organize, and deploy knowledge and skills. Basically, l ...
phys chapter 56 [10-19
phys chapter 56 [10-19

... and intermediate zones of cerebellum on same side as origin; transmits signals mainly from muscle spindles and to lesser extent from other somatic receptors throughout body (i.e., Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors) o Signals apprise cerebellum of momentary status of muscle contraction, degree of ...
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... The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex send axons to the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus: _______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ The left temporal portion of the retina send projections to the right lateral geniculate body: _ ...
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... Proceeding from the outermost inward, these layers are: Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cellular processes, of which the majority are granule cell axons—parallel fibers, see below— and Purkinje cell dendrites. A few neurons are found among the fibers (stellate cel ...
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Objective 5.3 - HCC Learning Web

... (1) _____ the disappearance of a response after termination of the conditioned stimulus (2) _____ exhibition of a conditioned response after exposure to a stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus (3) _____ sudden reappearance of an extinguished response (4) _____ response that occurs only ...
PSYC+103+Ch
PSYC+103+Ch

... Neutral stimulus (NS): (i.e. tone of bell) a stimulus that doesn’t bring about specified response before conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): (i.e. meat powder) stimulus that naturally brings about specified response (UCR) Unconditioned Response (UCR): (i.e. salivation) response that is natura ...
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... Proceeding from the outermost inward, these layers are: Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cellular processes, of which the majority are granule cell axons—parallel fibers, see below— and Purkinje cell dendrites. A few neurons are found among the fibers (stellate cel ...
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning

... certain, predictable response. Usually without training. • Unconditioned Response (UR) – reaction that occurs naturally and automatically when a stimulus is presented, reflect – Ex. Food normally causes salivation- food is stimulus and salivation is response ...
The gustatory pathway - West Virginia University
The gustatory pathway - West Virginia University

... •Taste buds on the anterior tongue and palate innervated by the intermediate nerve (VII) •Posterior tongue and pharynx innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) •Epiglottis and larynx innervated by vagus nerve (X) •The afferent fibers of these cranial nerves synapse with many taste cells between sin ...
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...  Biological: the position invariance property of many higherlevel visual cortex neurons. ...
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... the unconditioned stimulus no longer followed the conditioned stimulus? When the US (food) does not follow the CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to decrease and eventually causes extinction. ...
1. An introductions to clinical neurology: path physiology, diagnosis
1. An introductions to clinical neurology: path physiology, diagnosis

... granules. The large number of Purkinje cells found without Nissl granules are in a particular functional state (p. 14). Two or three dendrites B5 can also be seen to arise from the upper pole of the cell, but the full extent of the cell and all its processes can be made visible only by Golgi impregn ...
progress test 1: unit 6: learning
progress test 1: unit 6: learning

... d. all of the above are examples 18. Which of the following is a form of associative learning? a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. observational learning d. all of the above 19. For the most rapid conditioning, a CS should be presented: a. about 1 second after the US b. about one-ha ...
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Textbook PowerPoint

...  Unconditioned and conditioned stimulus are no longer paired  In spontaneous recovery the response may temporarily return without additional training  Operant conditioning  Reinforcement is withheld ...
Automatic unconscious knowledge
Automatic unconscious knowledge

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< 1 ... 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 ... 190 >

Eyeblink conditioning

Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a form of classical conditioning that has been used extensively to study neural structures and mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. The procedure is relatively simple and usually consists of pairing an auditory or visual stimulus (the conditioned stimulus (CS)) with an eyeblink-eliciting unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g. a mild puff of air to the cornea or a mild shock). Naïve organisms initially produce a reflexive, unconditioned response (UR) (e.g. blink or extension of nictitating membrane) that follows US onset. After many CS-US pairings, an association is formed such that a learned blink, or conditioned response (CR), occurs and precedes US onset. The magnitude of learning is generally gauged by the percentage of all paired CS-US trials that result in a CR. Under optimal conditions, well-trained animals produce a high percentage of CRs (> 90%). The conditions necessary for, and the physiological mechanisms that govern, eyeblink CR learning have been studied across many mammalian species, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, ferrets, cats, and humans. Historically, rabbits have been the most popular research subjects.
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