Download Classical Conditioning

WHS AP Psychology
Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism)
Essential Task 5-1: Distinguish general
differences between principles of classical
conditioning, operant conditioning, and
observational learning.
Learning
The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively
permanent change in behavior or potential behavior
We are
here
Classical
Conditioning
The type of learning in
which a response
naturally elicited by one
stimulus becomes to be
elicited by a different
formally neutral stimulus
Operant
Conditioning
The type of learning in
which behaviors are
emitted to earn rewards
or avoid punishments
Social
Cognitive
Learning
Theory
The type of learning in
which behaviors are
learned by observing a
model
Pavlov and Watson
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
UCS, UCR, CS, CR
Reinforcement and
Punishment
Modeling and Vicarious
Learning
Essential
Task
5-1:
Outline
• 3 Types of Learning
– Classical Conditioning
• Definition
• Key Terms
• Key Psychologists
– Operate Conditioning
• Definition
• Key Terms
• Key Psychologists
– Social Cognitive Learning Theory
• Definition
• Key Terms
• Key Psychologists
Classical Conditioning
• Book definition: The type of learning in
which a response naturally elicited by one
stimulus becomes to be elicited by a
different formally neutral stimulus.
• Working definition:
–
–
–
–
Outline
Type of learning that happens TO someone
Person learns to respond to a stimulus.
Previously the stimulus meant nothing.
Now it means something IS ABOUT TO
HAPPEN.
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Phobias
After the attacks, cats become a
warning stimulus for pain causing fear
when the child sees cats.
After this botched photo, 6 ft bunny
becomes warning stimulus for
someone trying to capture you.
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Taste Aversion
After throwing up a food, it
becomes a warning stimulus
for getting sick.
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Using Sex to Sell
Advertisers pair their product with sexual
imagery hoping that the product will
become a ‘promising stimulus’ for sexual
arousal. Hopefully this connection makes
you grab their product off the self .
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Key Terms
• Unconditioned Stimulus (US) – An event that leads to a
certain, predictable response. Usually without training.
• Unconditioned Response (UR) – reaction that occurs
naturally and automatically when a stimulus is presented,
reflect
– Ex. Food normally causes salivation- food is stimulus and salivation
is response
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – ordinarily neutral event
• Conditioned Response (CR) – After conditioning, the
response is learned.
– Ex. Teaching a do that when the bell rings he will get food and
therefore he salivates. Bell is the stimulus and response is the
salivation.
Key Psychologists
• Ivan Pavlov
Russian physiologist
known primarily for
his work in classical
conditioning.
Key Psychologists
• John B. Watson
Operant Conditioning
• Book definition: The type of learning in
which behaviors are emitted to earn
rewards or avoid punishments
• Working definition:
– Type of learning that happens BECAUSE
SOMEONE OPERATES ON THE ENVIRONMENT
– You learn to do things to earn rewards and to
avoid punishment
Examples of operant conditioning
Working
You go to work to
get rewarded by a
paycheck
Examples of operant conditioning
Coming
home by
curfew
You come home by
curfew to avoid
getting yelled at.
Examples of operant conditioning
Superstitious
Behavior
You do things you know have
no real impact on reality
because that one time you
did it, the team won.
Examples of operant conditioning
Going to
school.
You take challenging
courses, do lots of
work so that you
can. . . ?
Key Terms in Operant Conditioning
• Reinforcer
– A stimulus or event that follows a
behavior and makes that behavior more
likely to occur again
– Two types (positive and negative)
• Punisher
– A stimulus or event that follows a
behavior and makes that behavior less
likely to occur again
Key Psychologist
• B.F. Skinner
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
• Book definition: The type of learning in
which behaviors are learned by
observing a model
• Working definition:
– Type of learning that happens just by
watching.
Outline
Examples of Social Cognitive
Learning Theory
Video Games
By watching hours of people shoot
each other, gamers learn more
aggressive behaviors.
Examples of Social Cognitive
Learning Theory
Gender Roles
By watching parents and society,
we learn our gender roles.