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A species-based theory of insular zoogeography
... groups and archipelagoes. 5 The model includes potential feedback among system components. One factor that becomes important at the scale of entire communities is interspecific interaction. The community level version of this model explicitly considers interspecific interactions and the potential fo ...
... groups and archipelagoes. 5 The model includes potential feedback among system components. One factor that becomes important at the scale of entire communities is interspecific interaction. The community level version of this model explicitly considers interspecific interactions and the potential fo ...
Diversity, productivity and temporal stability in the economies ARTICLE IN PRESS
... surviving entities thus being relatively more efficient. Over time entities evolve, pushed by conscious search or by recombination and differential success, to more successful formulas for dealing with their environment. As a result of this evolution, the interactions among entities and the functioni ...
... surviving entities thus being relatively more efficient. Over time entities evolve, pushed by conscious search or by recombination and differential success, to more successful formulas for dealing with their environment. As a result of this evolution, the interactions among entities and the functioni ...
On the evolutionary ecology of species` ranges - People
... a species’ range. As an introduced species invades into favourable terrain, it is likely to experience selection favouring dispersal, thus accelerating the rate of invasion. Given genetic variation in dispersal rates, individuals with higher dispersal rates will tend to be found in increasing freque ...
... a species’ range. As an introduced species invades into favourable terrain, it is likely to experience selection favouring dispersal, thus accelerating the rate of invasion. Given genetic variation in dispersal rates, individuals with higher dispersal rates will tend to be found in increasing freque ...
Interaction webs in arctic ecosystems: Determinants of arctic
... Fig. 3 To reveal the full complexity of biotic interactions in the high arctic food web of Zackenberg, we show a quantitative representation of ecological interactions involving a single plant taxon, Dryas octopetala 9 integrifolia. The interactions depicted involve both antagonistic ones (green(1), ...
... Fig. 3 To reveal the full complexity of biotic interactions in the high arctic food web of Zackenberg, we show a quantitative representation of ecological interactions involving a single plant taxon, Dryas octopetala 9 integrifolia. The interactions depicted involve both antagonistic ones (green(1), ...
Competition - WordPress.com
... • According to Gleason, it is largely a matter of chance whether a similar community develops in the same area after a disturbance occurs. ...
... • According to Gleason, it is largely a matter of chance whether a similar community develops in the same area after a disturbance occurs. ...
Ecological effects and distribution of invasive non - IPNA-CSIC
... especially birds (Lever, 1994). Furthermore, in New Zealand several cases of bird extinction have been reported where this last species played an active role (Bell, 1978). Rats cause damage to animals but they also consume the roots, bark, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of many native and endemic p ...
... especially birds (Lever, 1994). Furthermore, in New Zealand several cases of bird extinction have been reported where this last species played an active role (Bell, 1978). Rats cause damage to animals but they also consume the roots, bark, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of many native and endemic p ...
Entomopathogen biodiversity increases host
... 2.3. Pathogen richness effects on waxworm mortality in two soil types Our third experiment had two objectives. First, we wished to ascertain whether pathogen diversity effects were similar when waxworms, rather than potato beetles, served as focal hosts. Waxworms can be ordered in large quantities, ...
... 2.3. Pathogen richness effects on waxworm mortality in two soil types Our third experiment had two objectives. First, we wished to ascertain whether pathogen diversity effects were similar when waxworms, rather than potato beetles, served as focal hosts. Waxworms can be ordered in large quantities, ...
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... mixing counteracts the emergence of patches. In a well-mixed environment, all organisms potentially interact with each other, much in contrast to terrestrial systems, where many species are either ‘sessile’ (plants) or have very limited range sizes (most small invertebrates except for flying insects ...
... mixing counteracts the emergence of patches. In a well-mixed environment, all organisms potentially interact with each other, much in contrast to terrestrial systems, where many species are either ‘sessile’ (plants) or have very limited range sizes (most small invertebrates except for flying insects ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF MACROLEPIDOPTERA
... trophic perspective, some host plant species provide increased protection from natural enemies at the expense of nutrition, and vice versa, potentially leading to trade-offs among hosts (Singer and Stireman 2005). Therefore a given plant host may provide a higher relative fitness in one stand of tr ...
... trophic perspective, some host plant species provide increased protection from natural enemies at the expense of nutrition, and vice versa, potentially leading to trade-offs among hosts (Singer and Stireman 2005). Therefore a given plant host may provide a higher relative fitness in one stand of tr ...
Nitrogen enrichment and plant communities
... and mycorrhizal symbiosis.33 In addition to biological N fixation through symbiosis, plants can also exert feedback control over N cycling although effects of litter chemistry on decomposition and soil microorganism communities34,35 (but see Ref. 36). This concept of multiple resource limitation is ...
... and mycorrhizal symbiosis.33 In addition to biological N fixation through symbiosis, plants can also exert feedback control over N cycling although effects of litter chemistry on decomposition and soil microorganism communities34,35 (but see Ref. 36). This concept of multiple resource limitation is ...
restoration of mediterranean - type woodlands and shrublands
... land use practices, including the time span of degradation processes, socio-economic dependence on local resources and cultural perceptions of the relationship between humans and nature, all have great impact on biota and ecosystem dynamics. The Mediterranean Basin is the only MCR in the so-called O ...
... land use practices, including the time span of degradation processes, socio-economic dependence on local resources and cultural perceptions of the relationship between humans and nature, all have great impact on biota and ecosystem dynamics. The Mediterranean Basin is the only MCR in the so-called O ...
Proposal for Crayfish Surveys of Big Thicket National Preserve
... fish taxa (catfishes and basses, in particular). Robust sport fish populations result in economic gain for regions harboring diverse crayfish communities through license and tourism dollars. Crayfishes also are an important aspect of Texas’s culture; many young naturalists first engagement with natu ...
... fish taxa (catfishes and basses, in particular). Robust sport fish populations result in economic gain for regions harboring diverse crayfish communities through license and tourism dollars. Crayfishes also are an important aspect of Texas’s culture; many young naturalists first engagement with natu ...
Patterns of among- and within-species variation in
... with each pollinator visit, as expected when an evenly diverse assemblage of pollinators of similar quality visit flowers. Little variation in HP load size is expected among flowers and HP loads should be diverse because floral visitors are also visiting many other plant species (i.e., generalists; ...
... with each pollinator visit, as expected when an evenly diverse assemblage of pollinators of similar quality visit flowers. Little variation in HP load size is expected among flowers and HP loads should be diverse because floral visitors are also visiting many other plant species (i.e., generalists; ...
Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
... a species to deterministic threats [4]. As such, recent simulation [5] and meta-analytic studies [16] have found little evidence for a correlation between MVP estimates and ecological or life-history traits (including body size). The only generalisation to emerge thus far from the collation of almos ...
... a species to deterministic threats [4]. As such, recent simulation [5] and meta-analytic studies [16] have found little evidence for a correlation between MVP estimates and ecological or life-history traits (including body size). The only generalisation to emerge thus far from the collation of almos ...
A trait-based approach to community assembly
... provide a biotic measure of a gradient in community structure, defined by the species traits. Elsewhere, we have shown that plot mean trait values for SLA are significantly correlated with measurements of soil water availability and potential solar insolation (Table 1; Cornwell 2006). The plot trait ...
... provide a biotic measure of a gradient in community structure, defined by the species traits. Elsewhere, we have shown that plot mean trait values for SLA are significantly correlated with measurements of soil water availability and potential solar insolation (Table 1; Cornwell 2006). The plot trait ...
File - Biology by Napier
... Symbiotic Relationships, Predation and Competition SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS: Organisms living together resulting in at least one of them benefitting from the other. How are these organisms interacting with each other? ...
... Symbiotic Relationships, Predation and Competition SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS: Organisms living together resulting in at least one of them benefitting from the other. How are these organisms interacting with each other? ...
COMMENTARY On the Diversity of Nature and the Nature of Diversity
... physiology, pest management-in fact all aspects of entomology-interrelate with issues of diversity, there is just one more focal point I wish to discuss. Biological control is an indicator of the health of our science and a developing area that should be a significant part of ESA's future. Use of th ...
... physiology, pest management-in fact all aspects of entomology-interrelate with issues of diversity, there is just one more focal point I wish to discuss. Biological control is an indicator of the health of our science and a developing area that should be a significant part of ESA's future. Use of th ...
This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed to explain
... leaving the question as to whether his hypothesis could be supported in other biomes. In 1981, Runkle examined the processes of succession and regeneration after disturbance in old-growth forest systems in the Appalachian Mountains by studying forest regeneration in gaps created by windfalls. Runkle ...
... leaving the question as to whether his hypothesis could be supported in other biomes. In 1981, Runkle examined the processes of succession and regeneration after disturbance in old-growth forest systems in the Appalachian Mountains by studying forest regeneration in gaps created by windfalls. Runkle ...
Plant communities at the periphery of the Atlantic rain forest
... restrictions, typical of life in the canopy, granted success to such plants upon migration to sandy, swampy or rocky substrates in neighbouring areas. Many such species, then, behaved as nurse plants and favoured colonization of these more extreme habitats by a number of other rainforest species. I ...
... restrictions, typical of life in the canopy, granted success to such plants upon migration to sandy, swampy or rocky substrates in neighbouring areas. Many such species, then, behaved as nurse plants and favoured colonization of these more extreme habitats by a number of other rainforest species. I ...
PDF
... including interspeci®c competition, shared predators, and shared parasites (Schoener 1983; Underwood 1986; Kelt et al. 1995; Petren and Case 1996; Law et al. 1997). On the other hand, resource partitioning may be the result of evolutionary adaptation to use dierent resources (Schoener 1986; Winston ...
... including interspeci®c competition, shared predators, and shared parasites (Schoener 1983; Underwood 1986; Kelt et al. 1995; Petren and Case 1996; Law et al. 1997). On the other hand, resource partitioning may be the result of evolutionary adaptation to use dierent resources (Schoener 1986; Winston ...
POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS Mark S. Boyce Journal Article
... Random events can be extremely important in extinction, especially for small populations, the target of most PVA (121). In a sense, the distinction between deterministic and stochastic processes in ecology is artificial because all ecological processes are stochastic. Mapard Smith (97) points out th ...
... Random events can be extremely important in extinction, especially for small populations, the target of most PVA (121). In a sense, the distinction between deterministic and stochastic processes in ecology is artificial because all ecological processes are stochastic. Mapard Smith (97) points out th ...
UNIT 2 - Hartismere
... Define the term ‘renewable resource’ (2) For a named resource, explain why there are costs and benefits of using it (4) Using examples, explain why some countries use more resources than others (4) Explain why population growth may be a good thing. (4) Describe one impact of a rapidly growing popula ...
... Define the term ‘renewable resource’ (2) For a named resource, explain why there are costs and benefits of using it (4) Using examples, explain why some countries use more resources than others (4) Explain why population growth may be a good thing. (4) Describe one impact of a rapidly growing popula ...
Ecological Risk Assessment
... Chronic Exposure RQ (fish): 1-in-10 Year 56-day or 60-day Average Concentration =RQ fish early life stage or full life cycle toxicity NOEC ...
... Chronic Exposure RQ (fish): 1-in-10 Year 56-day or 60-day Average Concentration =RQ fish early life stage or full life cycle toxicity NOEC ...
Species introduction a major topic in vegetation
... crucially depend on regular management to ensure their long-term persistence. Thus, in many cases, successful restoration has to re-instate or at least mimic traditional disturbance events and management schemes, since the total lack of human interference may allow succession to vegetation types oth ...
... crucially depend on regular management to ensure their long-term persistence. Thus, in many cases, successful restoration has to re-instate or at least mimic traditional disturbance events and management schemes, since the total lack of human interference may allow succession to vegetation types oth ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.