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Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... distributions (Kidwell 2001, 2002); thus, we might expect to learn more about the climate-related shifts in evenness over long time scales (Powell and Kowalewski 2002). In addition to climatic forcing, dominance is strongly determined by alterations of biogeochemical cycles and by introductions or d ...
... distributions (Kidwell 2001, 2002); thus, we might expect to learn more about the climate-related shifts in evenness over long time scales (Powell and Kowalewski 2002). In addition to climatic forcing, dominance is strongly determined by alterations of biogeochemical cycles and by introductions or d ...
Quantifying and interpreting functional diversity of natural communities
... The characterization of functional diversity in terms of several traits could be applied also when we know that various traits exert a combined effect on some specific ecosystem functioning of interest. For instance if we are interested in the diversity of regeneration traits such as seed number, se ...
... The characterization of functional diversity in terms of several traits could be applied also when we know that various traits exert a combined effect on some specific ecosystem functioning of interest. For instance if we are interested in the diversity of regeneration traits such as seed number, se ...
Are Species Adapted to Their Regeneration Niche, Adult Niche, or
... Enhancements: table, figures. ...
... Enhancements: table, figures. ...
The biology and ecology of narrow endemic and
... ecology of narrow endemic and widespread plants: a comparative study of trait variation in 20 congeneric pairs. / Oikos 107: 505 /518. The objective of this study is to examine whether habitat, herbivory and traits related to resource acquisition, resource conservation, reproduction and dispersal ...
... ecology of narrow endemic and widespread plants: a comparative study of trait variation in 20 congeneric pairs. / Oikos 107: 505 /518. The objective of this study is to examine whether habitat, herbivory and traits related to resource acquisition, resource conservation, reproduction and dispersal ...
Preston et al. 2012 comm invasions
... different trophic levels, it can be challenging to disentangle the net effects of invaders within a community context. Here, we combined wetland surveys with a mesocosm experiment to examine the individual and combined effects of nonnative fish predators and nonnative bullfrogs on aquatic communities ...
... different trophic levels, it can be challenging to disentangle the net effects of invaders within a community context. Here, we combined wetland surveys with a mesocosm experiment to examine the individual and combined effects of nonnative fish predators and nonnative bullfrogs on aquatic communities ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology
... Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems In a healthy forest community, interacting populations might include birds eating insects, squirrels eating nuts from trees, mushrooms growing from decaying leaves or bark, and raccoons fishing in a stream. In addition to how individuals in a population in ...
... Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems In a healthy forest community, interacting populations might include birds eating insects, squirrels eating nuts from trees, mushrooms growing from decaying leaves or bark, and raccoons fishing in a stream. In addition to how individuals in a population in ...
The Importance of Motivation, Weapons, and Foul Odors in Driving
... drive the outcome of encounter competition will help in better understanding the evolution of behavior as well as the forces structuring ecological communities. Encounter competition occurs rarely and unpredictably, and is thus difficult to observe in natural environments; this is especially true fo ...
... drive the outcome of encounter competition will help in better understanding the evolution of behavior as well as the forces structuring ecological communities. Encounter competition occurs rarely and unpredictably, and is thus difficult to observe in natural environments; this is especially true fo ...
Mammal Community Structure in a World of Gradients
... example of moose (Alces alces) and wolf (Canis lupus) on Isle Royale, North America (Vucetich and Peterson, 2003), or ungulates and large carnivores in Africa (Grange and Duncan, 2006). Either process is bound to be dynamic, because primary production is not a constant input (see above) and both pre ...
... example of moose (Alces alces) and wolf (Canis lupus) on Isle Royale, North America (Vucetich and Peterson, 2003), or ungulates and large carnivores in Africa (Grange and Duncan, 2006). Either process is bound to be dynamic, because primary production is not a constant input (see above) and both pre ...
Brown JS. 2016 - City, University of London
... ui values represent polymorphisms within a species or they represent different species. Students of game theory will recognize G as invader fitness from adaptive dynamics—an important and widely used subset of evolutionary game theory from which many of the most significant results have emanated. Th ...
... ui values represent polymorphisms within a species or they represent different species. Students of game theory will recognize G as invader fitness from adaptive dynamics—an important and widely used subset of evolutionary game theory from which many of the most significant results have emanated. Th ...
Why Darwin would have loved evolutionary game theory
... ui values represent polymorphisms within a species or they represent different species. Students of game theory will recognize G as invader fitness from adaptive dynamics—an important and widely used subset of evolutionary game theory from which many of the most significant results have emanated. Th ...
... ui values represent polymorphisms within a species or they represent different species. Students of game theory will recognize G as invader fitness from adaptive dynamics—an important and widely used subset of evolutionary game theory from which many of the most significant results have emanated. Th ...
The role of environmental generalist species in ecosystem function
... different specialist species could dominate as the environment changes. However, complementary responses of specialist species may not be necessary to maintain ecosystem function under suboptimal or variable conditions. For example, if the cost of generalization is less than the cost of coping with ...
... different specialist species could dominate as the environment changes. However, complementary responses of specialist species may not be necessary to maintain ecosystem function under suboptimal or variable conditions. For example, if the cost of generalization is less than the cost of coping with ...
The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining
... Pisaster (Ⳮsea stars and ⳮsea stars, respectively). Experiments were conducted at wave-exposed and wave-protected areas at each of two sites. Predation was quantified by determining the rate of loss of mussels in Ⳮsea star and ⳮsea star plots. To quantify variation in per capita interaction strength ...
... Pisaster (Ⳮsea stars and ⳮsea stars, respectively). Experiments were conducted at wave-exposed and wave-protected areas at each of two sites. Predation was quantified by determining the rate of loss of mussels in Ⳮsea star and ⳮsea star plots. To quantify variation in per capita interaction strength ...
- Wiley Online Library
... received much less attention (but see Callaway 2007). Certainly the best-understood of them involve competition, in this case between the facilitated and facilitating species themselves. Nurse plants that facilitate growth of other species, for example, may have negative effects on them as well, mos ...
... received much less attention (but see Callaway 2007). Certainly the best-understood of them involve competition, in this case between the facilitated and facilitating species themselves. Nurse plants that facilitate growth of other species, for example, may have negative effects on them as well, mos ...
mutualisms and facilitation
... received much less attention (but see Callaway 2007). Certainly the best-understood of them involve competition, in this case between the facilitated and facilitating species themselves. Nurse plants that facilitate growth of other species, for example, may have negative effects on them as well, mos ...
... received much less attention (but see Callaway 2007). Certainly the best-understood of them involve competition, in this case between the facilitated and facilitating species themselves. Nurse plants that facilitate growth of other species, for example, may have negative effects on them as well, mos ...
Extreme life history plasticity and the evolution
... America (Fisher and Cover 2007). It is very opportunistic and inhabits a variety of nesting sites, both natural and man-made and in urban areas it is classified a pest species (Thompson 1990). Preliminary observations indicated that in its natural habitat, T. sessile is an inconspicuous species comp ...
... America (Fisher and Cover 2007). It is very opportunistic and inhabits a variety of nesting sites, both natural and man-made and in urban areas it is classified a pest species (Thompson 1990). Preliminary observations indicated that in its natural habitat, T. sessile is an inconspicuous species comp ...
Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology - The University of Tennessee
... The Community The biotic community is the living part of an ecosystem, and may be defined as a group of plant and animal populations living together (interacting with one another) in a particular habitat. Organisms are related in food chains, and all the food chains of a community make up a food web ...
... The Community The biotic community is the living part of an ecosystem, and may be defined as a group of plant and animal populations living together (interacting with one another) in a particular habitat. Organisms are related in food chains, and all the food chains of a community make up a food web ...
File
... 1. I know the difference between abiotic and biotic factors and can identify them in a diagram. 2. I know that a biome is a large region with similar components and many ecosystems make up a biome. 3. I know the factors that affect where a biome exists. 4. I can identify biomes based on precipitatio ...
... 1. I know the difference between abiotic and biotic factors and can identify them in a diagram. 2. I know that a biome is a large region with similar components and many ecosystems make up a biome. 3. I know the factors that affect where a biome exists. 4. I can identify biomes based on precipitatio ...
Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a
... 2002). Metapopulations, i.e. ‘set[s] of local populations which interact via individuals moving between local populations’ sometimes develop as a result of habitat isolation (Hanski & Gilpin, 1991). Notably, patchy populations are true metapopulations only if movement between sub-populations is neit ...
... 2002). Metapopulations, i.e. ‘set[s] of local populations which interact via individuals moving between local populations’ sometimes develop as a result of habitat isolation (Hanski & Gilpin, 1991). Notably, patchy populations are true metapopulations only if movement between sub-populations is neit ...
3 The Role of Top Carnivores in
... biomass of the intertidal prey community because space (attachment sites) is the limiting resource. The productivity that supports the intertidal community is almost entirely imported from the open ocean-an example of a spatially subsidized food web. Interactive links between sessile intertidal pred ...
... biomass of the intertidal prey community because space (attachment sites) is the limiting resource. The productivity that supports the intertidal community is almost entirely imported from the open ocean-an example of a spatially subsidized food web. Interactive links between sessile intertidal pred ...
Evolution: the source of Earth`s biodiversity Genetic variation
... functional role in a community - Habitat use, food selection, role in energy and nutrient flow - Interactions with other individuals • Specialists = species with narrow niches and very specific requirements - Extremely good at what they do, but vulnerable to change h • Generalists = species with bro ...
... functional role in a community - Habitat use, food selection, role in energy and nutrient flow - Interactions with other individuals • Specialists = species with narrow niches and very specific requirements - Extremely good at what they do, but vulnerable to change h • Generalists = species with bro ...
Predicting distributions of species richness and species size in
... Fundamental constraints are also associated with species size distributions on the habitat templet. In the most impoverished and/or most disturbed habitats that support vegetation (e.g. deserts, sand dunes, gravel road verges), very large plant size obviously cannot be sustained (e.g. Olofsson 2001) ...
... Fundamental constraints are also associated with species size distributions on the habitat templet. In the most impoverished and/or most disturbed habitats that support vegetation (e.g. deserts, sand dunes, gravel road verges), very large plant size obviously cannot be sustained (e.g. Olofsson 2001) ...
Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production
... researchers to think more deeply about the cause of these contradictions. Some emphasized that “biological diversity” (or complexity) and “ecological stability” were both expansive concepts that encompassed a range of definitions and that loose and imprecise usage of these terms obscured important d ...
... researchers to think more deeply about the cause of these contradictions. Some emphasized that “biological diversity” (or complexity) and “ecological stability” were both expansive concepts that encompassed a range of definitions and that loose and imprecise usage of these terms obscured important d ...
Ecology Basics - The Science Spot
... A population is a group of organisms of the same species, all living in the same area and interacting with each other. Since they live together in one area, members of the same species reproduce together. Ecologists who study populations figure out how healthy or stable the populations are. They als ...
... A population is a group of organisms of the same species, all living in the same area and interacting with each other. Since they live together in one area, members of the same species reproduce together. Ecologists who study populations figure out how healthy or stable the populations are. They als ...
Evo-devo and constraints on selection
... independently in related lineages, usually considered to be based on similar modifications of the same developmental pathways. Pleiotropy: phenotypic effect of a gene on more than one trait or character that contributes to a genetic correlation between them. Combinations of pleiotropic effects can a ...
... independently in related lineages, usually considered to be based on similar modifications of the same developmental pathways. Pleiotropy: phenotypic effect of a gene on more than one trait or character that contributes to a genetic correlation between them. Combinations of pleiotropic effects can a ...
Lesson Plan
... A. Communities can be found in the water and on the land. Interaction does occur between these two types of communities. This interaction can be good, for example some aquatic animals such as alligators can live on both the land and in the water. Sometimes though, the interaction can be bad. For exa ...
... A. Communities can be found in the water and on the land. Interaction does occur between these two types of communities. This interaction can be good, for example some aquatic animals such as alligators can live on both the land and in the water. Sometimes though, the interaction can be bad. For exa ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.