![Accepted manuscript](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015165508_1-5ee01447dfee757d6f27d63151702577-300x300.png)
Accepted manuscript
... differences in community responses following different disturbances in simulated competitive communities. These two studies only examined under- and/or damped overcompensatory dynamics in the stable equilibrium range. While consumer-resource studies have traditionally been interested in investigatin ...
... differences in community responses following different disturbances in simulated competitive communities. These two studies only examined under- and/or damped overcompensatory dynamics in the stable equilibrium range. While consumer-resource studies have traditionally been interested in investigatin ...
biogeographical region
... ecological corridors, “relic” localisations, cross-border ecosystems, bordering a major protected area, restoration measures for at least one priority habitat or species • “Safeguard clause” criterion – safeguarding sufficient coverage ...
... ecological corridors, “relic” localisations, cross-border ecosystems, bordering a major protected area, restoration measures for at least one priority habitat or species • “Safeguard clause” criterion – safeguarding sufficient coverage ...
pptx
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
Scaling up keystone effects from simple to complex
... on S1 by NK1, and ÔhorizontalÕ exploitation and ÔapparentÕ (Holt 1977) competition with S1 by additional basal species (Sn). Here, ÔpredationÕ generically refers to trophic consumption of organisms including parasitism, herbivory and filter feeding. We first address variation of IS in simple systems ...
... on S1 by NK1, and ÔhorizontalÕ exploitation and ÔapparentÕ (Holt 1977) competition with S1 by additional basal species (Sn). Here, ÔpredationÕ generically refers to trophic consumption of organisms including parasitism, herbivory and filter feeding. We first address variation of IS in simple systems ...
High trophic overlap within the seabird community of Argentinean
... δ15N values were used for estimating seabird trophic positions. Trophic discrimination between diet and consumer derives from a combination of isotopic discrimination both during assimilation and protein synthesis, and during the excretion of endogenous nitrogen (Ponsard & Averbuch 1999). Although e ...
... δ15N values were used for estimating seabird trophic positions. Trophic discrimination between diet and consumer derives from a combination of isotopic discrimination both during assimilation and protein synthesis, and during the excretion of endogenous nitrogen (Ponsard & Averbuch 1999). Although e ...
Document
... studied in northern Taiwan in 2009. Eighty-four ponds were sampled in mid-summer, and the relationship between colony size and relative abundance of each cyanobacterial species was analyzed. Anabaena crassa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the dominant species in terms of frequency of appeara ...
... studied in northern Taiwan in 2009. Eighty-four ponds were sampled in mid-summer, and the relationship between colony size and relative abundance of each cyanobacterial species was analyzed. Anabaena crassa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the dominant species in terms of frequency of appeara ...
The landscape context of trophic interactions: insect spillover across
... renewed interest in the improvement of farming practices and conservation biological control (Barbosa 2003, Snyder et al. 2005). Cross-habitat foraging by consumers, herbivores and predators, may couple the dynamics of distinct habitats or landscape elements. An important concept emerging from this ...
... renewed interest in the improvement of farming practices and conservation biological control (Barbosa 2003, Snyder et al. 2005). Cross-habitat foraging by consumers, herbivores and predators, may couple the dynamics of distinct habitats or landscape elements. An important concept emerging from this ...
Network structural properties mediate the stability of mutualistic
... competitive communities that enhance their stability, but little attention has been given to such complexity–stability relationships for mutualistic communities. We show, by way of theoretical analyses with empirically informed parameters, that structural properties can alter the stability of mutual ...
... competitive communities that enhance their stability, but little attention has been given to such complexity–stability relationships for mutualistic communities. We show, by way of theoretical analyses with empirically informed parameters, that structural properties can alter the stability of mutual ...
Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?
... [23]. Furthermore, more than 100 species of frog have gone extinct in the past ten years probably as a result of the interaction between climate change, anthropogenic factors and a chytrid fungal pathogen [24]; this gives cause for concern about how these factors might interact and influence the fut ...
... [23]. Furthermore, more than 100 species of frog have gone extinct in the past ten years probably as a result of the interaction between climate change, anthropogenic factors and a chytrid fungal pathogen [24]; this gives cause for concern about how these factors might interact and influence the fut ...
16: 228-235
... related species (Castillo et al., 2010). However, it is tempting to hypothesize that indicates mutualism between distantly related plants (Valiente-Banuet and Verdú, 2013). For example, a distantly related plant can be more helpful to a neighbor if it provides functionally complementary fungi to the ...
... related species (Castillo et al., 2010). However, it is tempting to hypothesize that indicates mutualism between distantly related plants (Valiente-Banuet and Verdú, 2013). For example, a distantly related plant can be more helpful to a neighbor if it provides functionally complementary fungi to the ...
Observed Instances of Speciation
... among different groups of organisms. For example, to a botanist working with angiosperms ordinary means might mean a hand lens; to an entomologist working with beetles it might mean a dissecting microscope; to a phycologist working with diatoms it might mean a scanning electron microscope. What mean ...
... among different groups of organisms. For example, to a botanist working with angiosperms ordinary means might mean a hand lens; to an entomologist working with beetles it might mean a dissecting microscope; to a phycologist working with diatoms it might mean a scanning electron microscope. What mean ...
Generalities in grazing and browsing ecology du Toit, Johan T
... challenge to ecologists because communities are both complex and idiosyncratic. Any patterns or processes that might be identified within them are contingent upon the conditions that define them (Lawton 1999). Therefore, in the context of community ecology, a contingency is a constraint on a general ...
... challenge to ecologists because communities are both complex and idiosyncratic. Any patterns or processes that might be identified within them are contingent upon the conditions that define them (Lawton 1999). Therefore, in the context of community ecology, a contingency is a constraint on a general ...
Carrying Capacity and Ecological Economics (PDF
... the aggregate resources are infinite, that when one flow dries up, there will always be another, and that technology will always find cheap ways to exploit the next resource.”18 The third argument offered by mainstream economists is that the power of knowledge continually reduces the amounts of res ...
... the aggregate resources are infinite, that when one flow dries up, there will always be another, and that technology will always find cheap ways to exploit the next resource.”18 The third argument offered by mainstream economists is that the power of knowledge continually reduces the amounts of res ...
Urban biodiversity: patterns and mechanisms
... in bird abundance are often due to increases in nonnative species such as English sparrows and European starlings in North American studies and a subset of native species that are urban adapters and exploiters.3,12,13 In addition, subsets of bird species tend to increase (e.g., granivores) whereas o ...
... in bird abundance are often due to increases in nonnative species such as English sparrows and European starlings in North American studies and a subset of native species that are urban adapters and exploiters.3,12,13 In addition, subsets of bird species tend to increase (e.g., granivores) whereas o ...
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
... What Padisák is doing here is to change the definition of IDH, making it identical to GCC, and then complaining that the two are the same. IDH and phytoplankton communities There seems to be some vagueness about IDH amongst phytoplankton ecologists. For example, Sommer et al. (1993) explain the oper ...
... What Padisák is doing here is to change the definition of IDH, making it identical to GCC, and then complaining that the two are the same. IDH and phytoplankton communities There seems to be some vagueness about IDH amongst phytoplankton ecologists. For example, Sommer et al. (1993) explain the oper ...
species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity
... spatial scale of sampling. In an attempt to rectify this situation, Lyons and Willig (1999) developed a model that united aspects of theory relating species richness to latitude, area, and their interaction (i.e., scale-dependence). The model assumed that the effects of area were best represented by ...
... spatial scale of sampling. In an attempt to rectify this situation, Lyons and Willig (1999) developed a model that united aspects of theory relating species richness to latitude, area, and their interaction (i.e., scale-dependence). The model assumed that the effects of area were best represented by ...
Ecosystem resistance to invasion and the role of
... The concept of ecological resistance includes both abiotic and biotic features of a recipient environment that influence the success of propagules of a species that has not previously occurred on a site. Despite broad interest in this topic by ecologists and land managers, we lack an understanding o ...
... The concept of ecological resistance includes both abiotic and biotic features of a recipient environment that influence the success of propagules of a species that has not previously occurred on a site. Despite broad interest in this topic by ecologists and land managers, we lack an understanding o ...
COMPETITION
... Niche of an animal can change over time. Example : insects with complex life-histories can occupy one niche as larvae and another as an adult. Fish, niche space changes as the organism matures by size (switches from plankton when small to eating small fish as grows). Also changes Interspecific relat ...
... Niche of an animal can change over time. Example : insects with complex life-histories can occupy one niche as larvae and another as an adult. Fish, niche space changes as the organism matures by size (switches from plankton when small to eating small fish as grows). Also changes Interspecific relat ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local increases
... increase as barriers to isolation are removed, and the world comes closer to resembling a single supercontinent [12,13]. Similarly, a recent conceptual synthesis of invasion theory with the unified neutral theory also suggests that regional species diversity should increase [18]. The conclusions of ...
... increase as barriers to isolation are removed, and the world comes closer to resembling a single supercontinent [12,13]. Similarly, a recent conceptual synthesis of invasion theory with the unified neutral theory also suggests that regional species diversity should increase [18]. The conclusions of ...
Directing Research to Reduce the Impacts of
... details of geography, climate, geology, soil, site stability, fire history, and competitors or predators in areas of greatest and least impact determination of possible ways the invasive species interact with native species, including competition for nutrients, water or light (plants); competition f ...
... details of geography, climate, geology, soil, site stability, fire history, and competitors or predators in areas of greatest and least impact determination of possible ways the invasive species interact with native species, including competition for nutrients, water or light (plants); competition f ...
Figs and the Diversity of Tropical Rainforests
... Figure 1. The development of a monoecious fig. The fig is a closed, urn-shaped inflorescence. Bracts that are tightly shut in the immature fig (stage A) loosen when it becomes receptive (stage B), allowing wasp pollinators to enter. Specificity is maintained in part by chemical cues and in part by t ...
... Figure 1. The development of a monoecious fig. The fig is a closed, urn-shaped inflorescence. Bracts that are tightly shut in the immature fig (stage A) loosen when it becomes receptive (stage B), allowing wasp pollinators to enter. Specificity is maintained in part by chemical cues and in part by t ...
Chapter 52- An Introduction to Ecology and the
... dryness, they shrink their long bodies and curl up in a spiral, losing 99% of their water. When they're that small, they can disperse in wind. So this is a mechanism for spreading, as well as for surviving in a particular location. These nematodes participate in very, very simple food chains, with o ...
... dryness, they shrink their long bodies and curl up in a spiral, losing 99% of their water. When they're that small, they can disperse in wind. So this is a mechanism for spreading, as well as for surviving in a particular location. These nematodes participate in very, very simple food chains, with o ...
Ecology
... quantitative survey to determine its frequency. 169. As a result of pollution, a species of plant disappears from an ecosystem. Suggest two possible effects that the disappearance of this plant might have on the other plants and animals living in the area. 170. Where in a food chain are primary prod ...
... quantitative survey to determine its frequency. 169. As a result of pollution, a species of plant disappears from an ecosystem. Suggest two possible effects that the disappearance of this plant might have on the other plants and animals living in the area. 170. Where in a food chain are primary prod ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.