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Chapter 02 - Moore Public Schools
... Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems In a healthy forest community, interacting populations might include birds eating insects, squirrels eating nuts from trees, mushrooms growing from decaying leaves or bark, and raccoons fishing in a stream. In addition to how individuals in a population in ...
... Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems In a healthy forest community, interacting populations might include birds eating insects, squirrels eating nuts from trees, mushrooms growing from decaying leaves or bark, and raccoons fishing in a stream. In addition to how individuals in a population in ...
Roadside habitats: effects on diversity and composition of plant
... in diameter and 10 cm in depth, filled with *100 ml of ethylene glycol to prevent predation and decomposition of specimens. In each plot, 12 pitfall traps were buried flush with the ground surface in a 10 9 17 m grid. To decrease bias in pitfall trap catches due to microhabitat structure, we matched ...
... in diameter and 10 cm in depth, filled with *100 ml of ethylene glycol to prevent predation and decomposition of specimens. In each plot, 12 pitfall traps were buried flush with the ground surface in a 10 9 17 m grid. To decrease bias in pitfall trap catches due to microhabitat structure, we matched ...
Here - Tylianakis Lab Group
... and Loreau 2007, Richards and Schmidt 2010). Hence, functional complementarity can be understood as a community-level descriptor, which increases when species at the same trophic level differ from each other in the resources they use. Moreover, interaction patterns within food webs could also inform ...
... and Loreau 2007, Richards and Schmidt 2010). Hence, functional complementarity can be understood as a community-level descriptor, which increases when species at the same trophic level differ from each other in the resources they use. Moreover, interaction patterns within food webs could also inform ...
Empirical Evidence for the Scale Dependence of Biotic Interactions
... typically having similar environmental conditions, which may be regarded as a form of pseudoreplication. It additionally meant that sample size was smaller when aggregating the data more (e.g., for a grain size of 1 we had 50 stops within a route while for a grain size of 50 we had only 1 stop). In ...
... typically having similar environmental conditions, which may be regarded as a form of pseudoreplication. It additionally meant that sample size was smaller when aggregating the data more (e.g., for a grain size of 1 we had 50 stops within a route while for a grain size of 50 we had only 1 stop). In ...
Impact of maximum sustainable yield on competitive community
... Obviously, TMSY has turned into MSY of the second population for which eopt ¼2.5 (Fig. 2c). The above examples show that TMSY exists if species have similar biotic potentials, carrying capacities and competition coefficients and if they do not compete intensively. All of these conditions are hardly e ...
... Obviously, TMSY has turned into MSY of the second population for which eopt ¼2.5 (Fig. 2c). The above examples show that TMSY exists if species have similar biotic potentials, carrying capacities and competition coefficients and if they do not compete intensively. All of these conditions are hardly e ...
An Analysis of Persistence, Resilience, and the Conservation of
... independent keystone species. As indicated in footnote 3, it is these species that are essential for the functioning ofan ecosystem. Consequently, in the rest ofthis paper, we abstract from the remaining (n -m) species and we focus on these m keystone species. The reader should note that all subsequ ...
... independent keystone species. As indicated in footnote 3, it is these species that are essential for the functioning ofan ecosystem. Consequently, in the rest ofthis paper, we abstract from the remaining (n -m) species and we focus on these m keystone species. The reader should note that all subsequ ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local
... complexity in the way that diversity is often defined at local scales, which includes concepts of species evenness (Box 1). The primary difficulty in determining how diversity has changed at local scales, however, is the lack of repeated sampling of small-scale plots. To measure how species diversit ...
... complexity in the way that diversity is often defined at local scales, which includes concepts of species evenness (Box 1). The primary difficulty in determining how diversity has changed at local scales, however, is the lack of repeated sampling of small-scale plots. To measure how species diversit ...
Ecological Character Displacement in Adaptive Radiation
... Am. Nat. 2000. Vol. 156, pp. S4–S16. q 2000 by The University of Chicago. 0003-0147/2000/15604S-0002$03.00. All rights reserved. ...
... Am. Nat. 2000. Vol. 156, pp. S4–S16. q 2000 by The University of Chicago. 0003-0147/2000/15604S-0002$03.00. All rights reserved. ...
Tidal power and the aquatic environment of La Rance
... lifespan of the species or the length of the pelagic phase within their life-cycle. Passive transport of adults also made a significant contribution to their establishment in the Rance Basin. Despite rapid stabilization of environmental conditions once the installation was commissioned, it took 10 y ...
... lifespan of the species or the length of the pelagic phase within their life-cycle. Passive transport of adults also made a significant contribution to their establishment in the Rance Basin. Despite rapid stabilization of environmental conditions once the installation was commissioned, it took 10 y ...
Hybridization, speciation
... Amelanchier is common in this region… taxonomically it was found to be a mess, as almost every individual seemed different from its neighbor. In less disturbed areas the plants were more uniform… it appeared that many of the plants in the disturbed areas were hybrids, on the Blue Hills south of Bost ...
... Amelanchier is common in this region… taxonomically it was found to be a mess, as almost every individual seemed different from its neighbor. In less disturbed areas the plants were more uniform… it appeared that many of the plants in the disturbed areas were hybrids, on the Blue Hills south of Bost ...
Disease Spreading on Ecological Multiplex
... Processes in which diseases spread and sustain inside of different types of populations were always interesting subjects for epidemiologists. In recent years, ecologists draw the attention to the fact that not only hosts but also the other species in the community can affect the process of disease s ...
... Processes in which diseases spread and sustain inside of different types of populations were always interesting subjects for epidemiologists. In recent years, ecologists draw the attention to the fact that not only hosts but also the other species in the community can affect the process of disease s ...
Genetic evidence for the cryptic species pair, Lottia digitalis and
... locus could be used by itself as a diagnostic species marker with 98.8% probability of assigning an individual to the correct species. No evidence for hybridization was found in the zone of sympatry, which spanned from Gaviota State Beach, CA to Santa Cruz, CA (Fig. 1). Judging from the fact that Mu ...
... locus could be used by itself as a diagnostic species marker with 98.8% probability of assigning an individual to the correct species. No evidence for hybridization was found in the zone of sympatry, which spanned from Gaviota State Beach, CA to Santa Cruz, CA (Fig. 1). Judging from the fact that Mu ...
Characterization of topological keystone species Local, global and
... complex (Opitz, 1996). Scotch Broom (N = 154, E = 366) contains trophic interactions between the herbivores, parasitoids, predators and pathogens associated with broom, Cytisus scoparius, collected in Silwood Park, Berkshire, England, UK (Memmott et al., 2000). Shelf (N = 81, E = 1451), which is a m ...
... complex (Opitz, 1996). Scotch Broom (N = 154, E = 366) contains trophic interactions between the herbivores, parasitoids, predators and pathogens associated with broom, Cytisus scoparius, collected in Silwood Park, Berkshire, England, UK (Memmott et al., 2000). Shelf (N = 81, E = 1451), which is a m ...
Vanni et al 2009 - units.miamioh.edu
... Intraspecific competition can also lead to increased variability in body size. Competition is often highly asymmetric, meaning that it affects some individuals much more than others. This could be because some individuals are inherently better competitors, or because some individuals arrive at a sit ...
... Intraspecific competition can also lead to increased variability in body size. Competition is often highly asymmetric, meaning that it affects some individuals much more than others. This could be because some individuals are inherently better competitors, or because some individuals arrive at a sit ...
Guide to protected species surveys
... Protection Areas (SPA) and often involve coastal sites or inland lakes. The aim of the survey is to identify if the site is of importance to birds that overwinter in the UK such as waders, ducks and geese. The surveys are carried out using WeBS (wetland bird survey) methodology and can be used to su ...
... Protection Areas (SPA) and often involve coastal sites or inland lakes. The aim of the survey is to identify if the site is of importance to birds that overwinter in the UK such as waders, ducks and geese. The surveys are carried out using WeBS (wetland bird survey) methodology and can be used to su ...
The role of plant species size in invasibility: a
... plant species compete hierarchically and large species possess a competitive advantage (in above-ground competition) further the conundrum of why large species never appear to form monocultures (Aarssen and Schamp 2002). One reason why no species, large or small, can dominate a given community is th ...
... plant species compete hierarchically and large species possess a competitive advantage (in above-ground competition) further the conundrum of why large species never appear to form monocultures (Aarssen and Schamp 2002). One reason why no species, large or small, can dominate a given community is th ...
smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora Loisel.
... on mud-flat habitats that may be particularly affected by cordgrass invasion (Jacono 1998). Impact on ecosystem processes: Spartina species increase sediment deposition in coastal and interior marshes (Hitchcock 1971). Large, dense populations of cordgrass can decrease water flow and cause flooding ...
... on mud-flat habitats that may be particularly affected by cordgrass invasion (Jacono 1998). Impact on ecosystem processes: Spartina species increase sediment deposition in coastal and interior marshes (Hitchcock 1971). Large, dense populations of cordgrass can decrease water flow and cause flooding ...
BIOGEOGRAPHY 8
... spatial scales. For example, patterns of co-occurrence of Australian reef fishes in small coral heads are highly unpredictable in time and space (Sale 1979; Sale and Steel 1989). Persistent species combinations and strong local organization seem absent (Sale 1984), suggesting a lottery for species c ...
... spatial scales. For example, patterns of co-occurrence of Australian reef fishes in small coral heads are highly unpredictable in time and space (Sale 1979; Sale and Steel 1989). Persistent species combinations and strong local organization seem absent (Sale 1984), suggesting a lottery for species c ...
The consequences of consumer diversity loss
... Stachowicz 2007). Four of the most common conspicuous mobile consumer taxonomic groups in Spud Point are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from ea ...
... Stachowicz 2007). Four of the most common conspicuous mobile consumer taxonomic groups in Spud Point are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from ea ...
Southern African Sustainable Use Specialist Group
... Too many elephants undoubtedly reduce biodiversity, and at predictable rates (see figures on next slides): Elephant populations double in about 12 years At 2 elephant / km2, there will be no trees After a point (1 elephant/km2 or less) elephants reduce biodiversity ...
... Too many elephants undoubtedly reduce biodiversity, and at predictable rates (see figures on next slides): Elephant populations double in about 12 years At 2 elephant / km2, there will be no trees After a point (1 elephant/km2 or less) elephants reduce biodiversity ...
Parasite host-switching from the invasive American red
... The red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, is among the most over-exploited animals and is still exported annually from the USA all over the world. Once introduced into its new environment, feral populations may arise and pose threats to local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In ...
... The red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, is among the most over-exploited animals and is still exported annually from the USA all over the world. Once introduced into its new environment, feral populations may arise and pose threats to local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In ...
Abstracts Worshop "Microorganisms in turbulent flows"
... generations, a strong adaptation to the fluctuations of the fluid they live in. The results are complex behaviors and population dynamics. Here we propose an overview of our previous results in two topics related to plankton complex dynamics. First, we discuss phytoplankton concentration in relation ...
... generations, a strong adaptation to the fluctuations of the fluid they live in. The results are complex behaviors and population dynamics. Here we propose an overview of our previous results in two topics related to plankton complex dynamics. First, we discuss phytoplankton concentration in relation ...
Leaf-level nitrogen-use efficiency of canopy and understorey
... time of N in the plant (MRT). Subsequent studies have shown that selection in N-poor habitats is not necessarily for high NUE, but for a long MRT. In contrast, in N-rich habitats a high NP is favoured (Aerts 1990; Eckstein & Karlsson 1997). Many studies have aimed to clarify the relationship between ...
... time of N in the plant (MRT). Subsequent studies have shown that selection in N-poor habitats is not necessarily for high NUE, but for a long MRT. In contrast, in N-rich habitats a high NP is favoured (Aerts 1990; Eckstein & Karlsson 1997). Many studies have aimed to clarify the relationship between ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... to wetter areas to exploit hardwood fruits, while their saddlebacked counterparts utilized the more open coastal palm forest. Extinctions and the Loss of Ecological Connectivity The eradication of introduced mammalian herbivores in the 1970s and 1980s from Round Island, which had become a palm savan ...
... to wetter areas to exploit hardwood fruits, while their saddlebacked counterparts utilized the more open coastal palm forest. Extinctions and the Loss of Ecological Connectivity The eradication of introduced mammalian herbivores in the 1970s and 1980s from Round Island, which had become a palm savan ...
Quantifying and interpreting functional diversity of natural communities
... The characterization of functional diversity in terms of several traits could be applied also when we know that various traits exert a combined effect on some specific ecosystem functioning of interest. For instance if we are interested in the diversity of regeneration traits such as seed number, se ...
... The characterization of functional diversity in terms of several traits could be applied also when we know that various traits exert a combined effect on some specific ecosystem functioning of interest. For instance if we are interested in the diversity of regeneration traits such as seed number, se ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.