![Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001770430_1-8e887441185e520677ec233ca91210e7-300x300.png)
Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in
... greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, using molecular markers. This work revealed that mean genotype abundance in all but one of these species ...
... greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, using molecular markers. This work revealed that mean genotype abundance in all but one of these species ...
Light reduction predicts widespread patterns of dominance between
... thinning to the target densities. Consequently one might argue that, had the plants been grown throughout the season at the lower densities to which they were eventually thinned, they would have had a different phenotype (e.g., a different stem architecture and overall size) and therefore different ...
... thinning to the target densities. Consequently one might argue that, had the plants been grown throughout the season at the lower densities to which they were eventually thinned, they would have had a different phenotype (e.g., a different stem architecture and overall size) and therefore different ...
the role of competition in structuring ant communities: a review
... limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skills to access the resource (Andersen et al. 1992). Competition between ants or other taxa should ...
... limited resource. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to one another. The result of competition between two species is an increase in the adjustment of one species over another, due to its superior skills to access the resource (Andersen et al. 1992). Competition between ants or other taxa should ...
The impact of nonlinear functional responses on the long
... fij ðtÞ ¼ P k gik ðtÞ This condition is such that no individual can increase its energy intake by putting more effort into a different prey. The sum in (6) is over all species k which are predators of j: The competition strength aik is set equal to one only for i ¼ k; and is smaller than 1 otherwise ...
... fij ðtÞ ¼ P k gik ðtÞ This condition is such that no individual can increase its energy intake by putting more effort into a different prey. The sum in (6) is over all species k which are predators of j: The competition strength aik is set equal to one only for i ¼ k; and is smaller than 1 otherwise ...
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary
... drought episodes causing morphological and physiological changes that increase pathogenicity. Alternatively, shifts to antagonism could be heritable, with drought episodes favouring more thermophilic, increasingly pathogenic genotypes (Moricca & Ragazzi 2008). Finally, extreme and variable weather c ...
... drought episodes causing morphological and physiological changes that increase pathogenicity. Alternatively, shifts to antagonism could be heritable, with drought episodes favouring more thermophilic, increasingly pathogenic genotypes (Moricca & Ragazzi 2008). Finally, extreme and variable weather c ...
Cadotte2007 Ecology
... scale in one of two ways: either as time since disturbance patterns within an individual patch; or as changes in average richness in multiple patches across a gradient of disturbance frequency. Here I examined changes in average richness, but also examined disturbance effects on regional coexistence ...
... scale in one of two ways: either as time since disturbance patterns within an individual patch; or as changes in average richness in multiple patches across a gradient of disturbance frequency. Here I examined changes in average richness, but also examined disturbance effects on regional coexistence ...
Observed Instances of Speciation
... species. In this case, the individuals need not be conspecific. (2) A species must be monophyletic and share one or more derived character. There are two meanings to monophyletic (de Queiroz and Donoghue 1988, Nelson 1989). The first defines a monophyletic group as all the descendants of a common an ...
... species. In this case, the individuals need not be conspecific. (2) A species must be monophyletic and share one or more derived character. There are two meanings to monophyletic (de Queiroz and Donoghue 1988, Nelson 1989). The first defines a monophyletic group as all the descendants of a common an ...
The geography of body size – challenges of the interspecific approach
... higher taxa is analysed. This is because species richness is often strongly correlated with the mean or median mass within a grid cell. Blackburn & Gaston (1996) showed that species richness was a better predictor of body mass than latitude in New World birds. Cardillo (2002) reasoned that this is b ...
... higher taxa is analysed. This is because species richness is often strongly correlated with the mean or median mass within a grid cell. Blackburn & Gaston (1996) showed that species richness was a better predictor of body mass than latitude in New World birds. Cardillo (2002) reasoned that this is b ...
Closure as a scientific concept and its application to
... 1957) as Forbes had earlier studied them as ‘‘microcosms’’ (Forbes, 1887). In a similar fashion, the ecological studies of islands, important in the development of biogeographical theory, evolutionary radiation and recolonization processes (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967) is facilitated because of their ...
... 1957) as Forbes had earlier studied them as ‘‘microcosms’’ (Forbes, 1887). In a similar fashion, the ecological studies of islands, important in the development of biogeographical theory, evolutionary radiation and recolonization processes (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967) is facilitated because of their ...
SudingMS_final_1007_RYS
... Werner 1983) and for functional traits (Goldberg 1990), it has been applied to ecosystem Although we discuss functional classification in terms of species and the grouping of species, it also applies to groupings at other levels of organization, such as genotypes or phenotypes of individuals acclima ...
... Werner 1983) and for functional traits (Goldberg 1990), it has been applied to ecosystem Although we discuss functional classification in terms of species and the grouping of species, it also applies to groupings at other levels of organization, such as genotypes or phenotypes of individuals acclima ...
Some Principles of Conservation Biology, as They Apply
... which I and many other conservation biologists and activists are involved, are to (1) represent all types of ecosystems across their natural range of variation in protected areas; (2) maintain viable populations of all native species in each region, with most attention to species especially sensitiv ...
... which I and many other conservation biologists and activists are involved, are to (1) represent all types of ecosystems across their natural range of variation in protected areas; (2) maintain viable populations of all native species in each region, with most attention to species especially sensitiv ...
Study of fragmented fossil diatoms using an invariant
... parasitology of the wild “botete diana” show the existence of a diverse parasitic fauna. Monogeneans and digeneans have been identified and when the fish are transferred to captivity, parasites with a direct life - cycle reproduce rapidly resulting in parasitic diseases that can lead to fish mortali ...
... parasitology of the wild “botete diana” show the existence of a diverse parasitic fauna. Monogeneans and digeneans have been identified and when the fish are transferred to captivity, parasites with a direct life - cycle reproduce rapidly resulting in parasitic diseases that can lead to fish mortali ...
Ecological communities in variable environments : dynamics
... In multi-species communities, each species has its specific response to environmental stochasticity. Species-specific environmental responses can be either independent (IR), uniformly correlated (CR), or hierarchically correlated (HR) between species. IR refers to a situation where each species resp ...
... In multi-species communities, each species has its specific response to environmental stochasticity. Species-specific environmental responses can be either independent (IR), uniformly correlated (CR), or hierarchically correlated (HR) between species. IR refers to a situation where each species resp ...
Constraints and tradeoffs: toward a predictive theory of competition and succession
... more carbon to the production of stem has less to allocate to roots, leaves or seeds. An animal that allocates more protein to flight muscle has less to allocate to a digestive system or to some other physiological or morphological function. An animal that allocates a greater proportion of its time ...
... more carbon to the production of stem has less to allocate to roots, leaves or seeds. An animal that allocates more protein to flight muscle has less to allocate to a digestive system or to some other physiological or morphological function. An animal that allocates a greater proportion of its time ...
Modeling the Boundaries of Plant Ecotones of Mountain Ecosystems
... Climate change may be a reason for the shifts of the boundaries of the natural zones, but the effect of the climate is often combined with the effects of the interactions between ecosystem components and, certainly, with the industrial impact and other human-related factors [15–17]. It is very impor ...
... Climate change may be a reason for the shifts of the boundaries of the natural zones, but the effect of the climate is often combined with the effects of the interactions between ecosystem components and, certainly, with the industrial impact and other human-related factors [15–17]. It is very impor ...
Integrating occupancy models and structural equation models to
... Here, we show that combining SEM with occupancy models overcomes this limitation and provides a means by which to more directly represent processes that influence species occurrence. We aim to illustrate the practical and conceptual compatibility of occupancy modeling and structural equation modelin ...
... Here, we show that combining SEM with occupancy models overcomes this limitation and provides a means by which to more directly represent processes that influence species occurrence. We aim to illustrate the practical and conceptual compatibility of occupancy modeling and structural equation modelin ...
Western Society of Weed Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico
... The concept that the impacts of non-indigenous plant species (NIS) will vary across different environments has been supported in recent research. Understanding how biotic and abiotic conditions influence plant communities is an important step to predicting where on the landscape NIS are likely to ha ...
... The concept that the impacts of non-indigenous plant species (NIS) will vary across different environments has been supported in recent research. Understanding how biotic and abiotic conditions influence plant communities is an important step to predicting where on the landscape NIS are likely to ha ...
View as PDF - Montana State University
... limited insight into the operation of the tradeoff at the community level (i.e., across species). Therefore, though it is clear that consumers have some effect on species diversity, it remains unclear whether a competition–defense tradeoff is a widespread mechanism underlying consumer effects. In th ...
... limited insight into the operation of the tradeoff at the community level (i.e., across species). Therefore, though it is clear that consumers have some effect on species diversity, it remains unclear whether a competition–defense tradeoff is a widespread mechanism underlying consumer effects. In th ...
BIOSC 145-F14 120KB Dec 18 2014 08:57:44 AM
... indirectly samples population size in a manner similar to estimating a city’s size by how much garbage it produces, or by how many street lights are visible at night. Since yeast aren’t very complex, they should (at constant temperature) have a constant metabolic rate, as measured by their productio ...
... indirectly samples population size in a manner similar to estimating a city’s size by how much garbage it produces, or by how many street lights are visible at night. Since yeast aren’t very complex, they should (at constant temperature) have a constant metabolic rate, as measured by their productio ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of size
... species of fish, invertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates that are known to have been subjected to size-selective harvesting pressure. Of these, 87 are aquatic (marine and freshwater) and 21 are terrestrial. The aquatic taxa include 48 species of fish (freshwater and marine) and 39 species of inver ...
... species of fish, invertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates that are known to have been subjected to size-selective harvesting pressure. Of these, 87 are aquatic (marine and freshwater) and 21 are terrestrial. The aquatic taxa include 48 species of fish (freshwater and marine) and 39 species of inver ...
Ecosystem engineers on plants: indirect facilitation of arthropod
... temporally and be intensified during the dry season; it is likely that these shelters represent microenvironments that protect arthropods from UV radiation and desiccation. In addition, we predict that the local effects of leaf-rolling engineers might extend to the whole plant community (i.e., plant- ...
... temporally and be intensified during the dry season; it is likely that these shelters represent microenvironments that protect arthropods from UV radiation and desiccation. In addition, we predict that the local effects of leaf-rolling engineers might extend to the whole plant community (i.e., plant- ...
1 Invasive plants, insects, and diseases in the forests of the
... There are some 455 invasive insects in U.S. forests, though only about 62 cause significant ecosystem damage (Aukema et al. 2011). Of those insects that have a significant impact on forested ecosystems, about a third feed on sap, a quarter are wood borers, and the remainder feed on foliage (Aukema e ...
... There are some 455 invasive insects in U.S. forests, though only about 62 cause significant ecosystem damage (Aukema et al. 2011). Of those insects that have a significant impact on forested ecosystems, about a third feed on sap, a quarter are wood borers, and the remainder feed on foliage (Aukema e ...
Temporal stability of European rocky shore assemblages
... 2007, Vasseur and Gaedke 2007, Valone and Barber 2008). These studies have revealed that a variety of factors, such as species traits and trophic-level, environmental conditions, resource availability and spatial and temporal scale investigated, can generate large context-dependency in the strength ...
... 2007, Vasseur and Gaedke 2007, Valone and Barber 2008). These studies have revealed that a variety of factors, such as species traits and trophic-level, environmental conditions, resource availability and spatial and temporal scale investigated, can generate large context-dependency in the strength ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.