Blackburn
... hypothesis considered by the macroecologist (Gaston & Blackburn, 2000; see also Maurer & McGill, this issue). The failure to frame an adequate null hypothesis for any particular test may result in the acceptance of a pattern as the result of a biological process, when in fact it is no more than an a ...
... hypothesis considered by the macroecologist (Gaston & Blackburn, 2000; see also Maurer & McGill, this issue). The failure to frame an adequate null hypothesis for any particular test may result in the acceptance of a pattern as the result of a biological process, when in fact it is no more than an a ...
COMPETITION FOR HUMMINGBIRD POLLINATION SHAPES
... 2008; Smith et al. 2008b; Paget-Seekins 2012), suggesting that the pollinator shift model does not fully account for the diversity of colors across angiosperms. An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional ...
... 2008; Smith et al. 2008b; Paget-Seekins 2012), suggesting that the pollinator shift model does not fully account for the diversity of colors across angiosperms. An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional ...
competition for hummingbird pollination shapes flower color
... 2008; Smith et al. 2008b; Paget-Seekins 2012), suggesting that the pollinator shift model does not fully account for the diversity of colors across angiosperms. An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional ...
... 2008; Smith et al. 2008b; Paget-Seekins 2012), suggesting that the pollinator shift model does not fully account for the diversity of colors across angiosperms. An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional ...
Foliicolous lichens as model organisms to study tropical rainforest
... surprising, sińce they contradict the distinct-preference gradient hypothesis, according to which species responses should distribute evenly along a single, continuous gradient to avoid competition, and no distinct communities should be formed. However, this is only true if all possible expressions ...
... surprising, sińce they contradict the distinct-preference gradient hypothesis, according to which species responses should distribute evenly along a single, continuous gradient to avoid competition, and no distinct communities should be formed. However, this is only true if all possible expressions ...
Gambusia removal guidelines 2011
... population size lasts little more than a month, therefore repeat removal must be undertaken at intervals such that removal is > the population growth rate. Hydrological Connection If a site is permanently or frequently connected to adjoining habitats, repeated re-invasion will render any removal ben ...
... population size lasts little more than a month, therefore repeat removal must be undertaken at intervals such that removal is > the population growth rate. Hydrological Connection If a site is permanently or frequently connected to adjoining habitats, repeated re-invasion will render any removal ben ...
Evolution, ecology and biochronology of herbivore associations in
... evolutionary heritage of each mammal group defines specific physiological and biological peculiarities that result in the group’s pre-adaptations, ecological and ethological strategy that may be critical in the process of adaptation to a new environment. The dynamic and composition of European mamma ...
... evolutionary heritage of each mammal group defines specific physiological and biological peculiarities that result in the group’s pre-adaptations, ecological and ethological strategy that may be critical in the process of adaptation to a new environment. The dynamic and composition of European mamma ...
A New Mechanism for Recurrent Adaptive Radiations
... cited above indicates the extraordinarily wide range of ecological settings for which disruptive frequency-dependent selection may naturally cause evolutionary diversification. Addressing the origin, maintenance, and loss of biological diversity, analyses of these evolutionary processes contribute t ...
... cited above indicates the extraordinarily wide range of ecological settings for which disruptive frequency-dependent selection may naturally cause evolutionary diversification. Addressing the origin, maintenance, and loss of biological diversity, analyses of these evolutionary processes contribute t ...
Monday - Houston ISD
... insects or leaves, and use dichotomous keys for identification. SCI.7.11B Explain variation within a population or species by comparing external features, behaviors, or physiology of organisms that enhance their survival such as migration, hibernation, or storage of food in a bulb. Ⓢ SCI.7.11C Ident ...
... insects or leaves, and use dichotomous keys for identification. SCI.7.11B Explain variation within a population or species by comparing external features, behaviors, or physiology of organisms that enhance their survival such as migration, hibernation, or storage of food in a bulb. Ⓢ SCI.7.11C Ident ...
Tenacity and the Wave-Exposure Gradient
... and glass substrata in the laboratory. The species were fbund together at most sites, and both species were found at al1 levels of wave exposure. Within each species, shell height was strongly related to foot length, width, and area, and to tenacity. Tenacity was directly proportional to foot area, ...
... and glass substrata in the laboratory. The species were fbund together at most sites, and both species were found at al1 levels of wave exposure. Within each species, shell height was strongly related to foot length, width, and area, and to tenacity. Tenacity was directly proportional to foot area, ...
Guidelines for physical removal of Eastern Gambusia
... population size lasts little more than a month, therefore repeat removal must be undertaken at intervals such that removal is > the population growth rate. Hydrological Connection If a site is permanently or frequently connected to adjoining habitats, repeated re-invasion will render any removal ben ...
... population size lasts little more than a month, therefore repeat removal must be undertaken at intervals such that removal is > the population growth rate. Hydrological Connection If a site is permanently or frequently connected to adjoining habitats, repeated re-invasion will render any removal ben ...
Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a
... tallgrass prairie burned biennially in northeastern Kansas, USA, to determine the independent and interactive effects of N and P on plant community composition and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP). 3. After a decade of nutrient additions, we found few effects of P alone on plant communit ...
... tallgrass prairie burned biennially in northeastern Kansas, USA, to determine the independent and interactive effects of N and P on plant community composition and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP). 3. After a decade of nutrient additions, we found few effects of P alone on plant communit ...
The efficiency of two widely used commercial live
... Monitoring small mammal biodiversity change in addition to population change is hampered by the lack of “universal” sampling protocols (and bioindicators) that preclude the application of standardized monitoring programs. For instance, most programs for small mammal monitoring established in the UK ...
... Monitoring small mammal biodiversity change in addition to population change is hampered by the lack of “universal” sampling protocols (and bioindicators) that preclude the application of standardized monitoring programs. For instance, most programs for small mammal monitoring established in the UK ...
18th Annual Graduate Student Symposium
... parasites, resist parasite invasion using barriers, or eliminate parasites with immunity. In host populations, the strength of and variation in defenses can influence parasite transmission, and a critical question in disease ecology is what maintains this variation. Daphnia dentifera and its fungal ...
... parasites, resist parasite invasion using barriers, or eliminate parasites with immunity. In host populations, the strength of and variation in defenses can influence parasite transmission, and a critical question in disease ecology is what maintains this variation. Daphnia dentifera and its fungal ...
Phloem-feeding specialists sharing a host tree: resource partitioning
... pairs o f species at three hierarchial levels: shoots within trees, leaves within shoots, and leaflets within leaves, and calculated niche breadth ( B ) for each species when alone and when co-habiting with another. Competition will be indicated i f B o f at least one species is smaller when co-habi ...
... pairs o f species at three hierarchial levels: shoots within trees, leaves within shoots, and leaflets within leaves, and calculated niche breadth ( B ) for each species when alone and when co-habiting with another. Competition will be indicated i f B o f at least one species is smaller when co-habi ...
The measure of order and disorder in the distribution of species in
... defined to vary from 0 ~ (completely replicable extinction order) to 100 ~ (completely random extinction order). Extinction is not the only ecological process which will generate nested patterns of species presences (Patterson 1990; Simberloff and Martin 1991). Immigration into depauperate areas may ...
... defined to vary from 0 ~ (completely replicable extinction order) to 100 ~ (completely random extinction order). Extinction is not the only ecological process which will generate nested patterns of species presences (Patterson 1990; Simberloff and Martin 1991). Immigration into depauperate areas may ...
12663318_Emer et al manuscript resubmission2
... considered to be invasive, which means that rather little is known about those alien species ...
... considered to be invasive, which means that rather little is known about those alien species ...
Knowing Your Warblers
... was thus not reticent about downplaying his earlier papers (MacArthur 1966). When he did return to the warbler paper, in a chapter on niche theory (MacArthur 1968), he refined and revisited some themes. First, in a way folks don’t do much anymore, he discussed his philosophy of science. He pointed o ...
... was thus not reticent about downplaying his earlier papers (MacArthur 1966). When he did return to the warbler paper, in a chapter on niche theory (MacArthur 1968), he refined and revisited some themes. First, in a way folks don’t do much anymore, he discussed his philosophy of science. He pointed o ...
Authorised - ACT Legislation Register
... As the common name suggests, the species possesses a long tail (regularly exceeding the body length) with a prominent brush on the distal third of its length (Eldridge and Close 2008). The pelage is brown above, tending to grey on the shoulders and reddish on the rump and hind quarters (Eldridge and ...
... As the common name suggests, the species possesses a long tail (regularly exceeding the body length) with a prominent brush on the distal third of its length (Eldridge and Close 2008). The pelage is brown above, tending to grey on the shoulders and reddish on the rump and hind quarters (Eldridge and ...
Chapter 2. Examples of Variation Patterns within Species and Genera
... continuity is difficult to use as a basis for classification. One disadvantage of the use of clines is that each individual cline can be recognized only after analysis of extensive samples from many localities. This makes it impossible to describe all the clines existing in a species, so that the me ...
... continuity is difficult to use as a basis for classification. One disadvantage of the use of clines is that each individual cline can be recognized only after analysis of extensive samples from many localities. This makes it impossible to describe all the clines existing in a species, so that the me ...
Distributional Ecology of New Guinea Birds
... As indicated by frequent references understood.New Guinea has served as because each island represents a sepain the syntheses of zoogeography by the birdcolonizationsourcefor the thou- rate experiment, and because most inWallace;(l), of evolution by Mayr (2), sands of islandsof the southwestPacific; ...
... As indicated by frequent references understood.New Guinea has served as because each island represents a sepain the syntheses of zoogeography by the birdcolonizationsourcefor the thou- rate experiment, and because most inWallace;(l), of evolution by Mayr (2), sands of islandsof the southwestPacific; ...
Oviposition preference and life history traits in cactophilic Drosophila
... selection, therefore, life history traits lay at the base of our understanding of the processes related to the evolution of host plant utilization, along with the knowledge of chemical, physical and distributional properties of the hosts plants. Thus, adaptation to new hosts may lead to life history ...
... selection, therefore, life history traits lay at the base of our understanding of the processes related to the evolution of host plant utilization, along with the knowledge of chemical, physical and distributional properties of the hosts plants. Thus, adaptation to new hosts may lead to life history ...
BIOS 213L: Ecology and Evolution
... Course Philosophy: This course is designed to give a general overview of the science of Ecology, as well as providing an understanding of the importance of evolution to the understanding of science. Ecology is a hands-on science, and the labs will provide you with a deeper understanding of the resea ...
... Course Philosophy: This course is designed to give a general overview of the science of Ecology, as well as providing an understanding of the importance of evolution to the understanding of science. Ecology is a hands-on science, and the labs will provide you with a deeper understanding of the resea ...
Deep-Sea Diaspora
... the processes by which larvae disperse through the ocean from one vent system to another. The LARVE Project aims to understand how these processes determine how far and wide species can migrate, how new vent biological communities are established, and how their populations become increasingly but di ...
... the processes by which larvae disperse through the ocean from one vent system to another. The LARVE Project aims to understand how these processes determine how far and wide species can migrate, how new vent biological communities are established, and how their populations become increasingly but di ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.