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a critique of the
... Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA ...
... Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA ...
SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, NOT VISITATION BIAS, DOMINATES VARIATION IN HERBIVORY K L. B
... been suggested that the act of visiting a plant, inherent to studying herbivory, may alter plant performance and interactions. To evaluate the generality of this inference, we examined plant performance and herbivory on 14 plant species in three geographic regions. Visitation did not significantly a ...
... been suggested that the act of visiting a plant, inherent to studying herbivory, may alter plant performance and interactions. To evaluate the generality of this inference, we examined plant performance and herbivory on 14 plant species in three geographic regions. Visitation did not significantly a ...
Temporal stability of European rocky shore assemblages
... 2007, Vasseur and Gaedke 2007, Valone and Barber 2008). These studies have revealed that a variety of factors, such as species traits and trophic-level, environmental conditions, resource availability and spatial and temporal scale investigated, can generate large context-dependency in the strength ...
... 2007, Vasseur and Gaedke 2007, Valone and Barber 2008). These studies have revealed that a variety of factors, such as species traits and trophic-level, environmental conditions, resource availability and spatial and temporal scale investigated, can generate large context-dependency in the strength ...
the fossil record of predator-prey arms races
... greater prey defenses or predator offenses should be counteracted by their greater costs or tradeoffs with other competing functions (Futuyma, 1986; see also Vermeij, 1987, 1994; Brodie and Brodie, 1999). A potential reason for such costs is that defensive characters that increase survivorship again ...
... greater prey defenses or predator offenses should be counteracted by their greater costs or tradeoffs with other competing functions (Futuyma, 1986; see also Vermeij, 1987, 1994; Brodie and Brodie, 1999). A potential reason for such costs is that defensive characters that increase survivorship again ...
Functional traits and remnant populations of plants in abandoned
... cycle could still have a large amount of small vegetative plants despite a low recruitment and sexual reproduction (Warburton et al. 2000). To preserve energy in a suboptimal habitat, or as a strategy to avoid herbivores, plants also posses the capacity of shrinking in size. Previous studies of aba ...
... cycle could still have a large amount of small vegetative plants despite a low recruitment and sexual reproduction (Warburton et al. 2000). To preserve energy in a suboptimal habitat, or as a strategy to avoid herbivores, plants also posses the capacity of shrinking in size. Previous studies of aba ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... Traditionally, research on infectious diseases has taken place within isolated disciplines such as ...
... Traditionally, research on infectious diseases has taken place within isolated disciplines such as ...
Ecology Part 2 Relationships
... I can list the 4 types of heterotrophs I can define an herbivore I can give an example of an herbivore I can define a carnivore I can give an example of a carnivore I can define an omnivore I can define an example of an omnivore ...
... I can list the 4 types of heterotrophs I can define an herbivore I can give an example of an herbivore I can define a carnivore I can give an example of a carnivore I can define an omnivore I can define an example of an omnivore ...
On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology
... Cassola 1992; Table 1). For a species to be a sensitive indicator of population trends in other species, it should have a rapid rate of reproduction, because changes in population size are difficult to discern in species with long generation times (Table 2). Population indicators will be most effect ...
... Cassola 1992; Table 1). For a species to be a sensitive indicator of population trends in other species, it should have a rapid rate of reproduction, because changes in population size are difficult to discern in species with long generation times (Table 2). Population indicators will be most effect ...
Qualitative Models of Interactions between Two Populations
... Each of these processes influences the size of the population (e.g., mortality has a negative influence, I-). At the same time changes in the population affect the basic processes (e.g., when the size of the population increases, mortality will also increase, P+). The figure also shows how the diffe ...
... Each of these processes influences the size of the population (e.g., mortality has a negative influence, I-). At the same time changes in the population affect the basic processes (e.g., when the size of the population increases, mortality will also increase, P+). The figure also shows how the diffe ...
Effects of water pulsing on individual performance and competitive
... pulses for non-agricultural plants has not been tested. 2. Are species from different points along a natural resource supply gradient differentially affected by pulse frequency and/or total resource quantity? Crick & Grime (1987) and Campbell & Grime (1989) have found that fast-growing species from ...
... pulses for non-agricultural plants has not been tested. 2. Are species from different points along a natural resource supply gradient differentially affected by pulse frequency and/or total resource quantity? Crick & Grime (1987) and Campbell & Grime (1989) have found that fast-growing species from ...
Selection criteria for suites of landscape species as a basis for site
... landscape must be connected to provide sufficient area for viable populations of each species. Species with population-level area requirements larger than individual habitat patches or management units were given a score of one. Spatially explicit population viability analyses for every species are ...
... landscape must be connected to provide sufficient area for viable populations of each species. Species with population-level area requirements larger than individual habitat patches or management units were given a score of one. Spatially explicit population viability analyses for every species are ...
Generalist and specialist predators that mediate
... Abstract. General dynamic models of systems with two prey and one or two predators are considered. After rescaling the equations so that both prey have the same intrinsic rate of growth, it is shown that there exists a generalist predator that can mediate permanence if and only if there is a populat ...
... Abstract. General dynamic models of systems with two prey and one or two predators are considered. After rescaling the equations so that both prey have the same intrinsic rate of growth, it is shown that there exists a generalist predator that can mediate permanence if and only if there is a populat ...
Emerson 2002
... By their very nature oceanic island ecosystems offer great opportunities for the study of evolution and have for a long time been recognized as natural laboratories for studying evolution owing to their discrete geographical nature and diversity of species and habitats. The development of molecular ...
... By their very nature oceanic island ecosystems offer great opportunities for the study of evolution and have for a long time been recognized as natural laboratories for studying evolution owing to their discrete geographical nature and diversity of species and habitats. The development of molecular ...
Diversity effects beyond species richness: evidence from intertidal macroalgal assemblages Francisco Arenas
... Once ecosystem functioning surrogates had been measured, the spatial arrangement of the species inhabiting the boulders was mapped by transferring their position onto a transparent plastic sheet. Those maps were then used to create a multi-type (multispecies) spatial point-reference pattern using a ...
... Once ecosystem functioning surrogates had been measured, the spatial arrangement of the species inhabiting the boulders was mapped by transferring their position onto a transparent plastic sheet. Those maps were then used to create a multi-type (multispecies) spatial point-reference pattern using a ...
1 Ecosystem Services and the Economics of
... to be set aside in a highly protected state to ensure that species are adequately buffered against human activities, less than 10% of the global land surface is protected, and a smaller fraction of the oceans. Thus the vast majority of biodiversity, measured in abundance terms rather than simply num ...
... to be set aside in a highly protected state to ensure that species are adequately buffered against human activities, less than 10% of the global land surface is protected, and a smaller fraction of the oceans. Thus the vast majority of biodiversity, measured in abundance terms rather than simply num ...
Document
... TAKS PRACTICE Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic relationship and a parasitic relationship? F Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism harms only one organism. G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms. H Parasitis ...
... TAKS PRACTICE Which of the following best describes a difference between a mutualistic relationship and a parasitic relationship? F Parasitism harms both organisms, while mutualism harms only one organism. G Parasitism benefits only one organism, while mutualism benefits both organisms. H Parasitis ...
This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed to explain
... leaving the question as to whether his hypothesis could be supported in other biomes. In 1981, Runkle examined the processes of succession and regeneration after disturbance in old growth forest systems in the Appalachian Mountains by studying forest regeneration in gaps created by windfalls. Runkle ...
... leaving the question as to whether his hypothesis could be supported in other biomes. In 1981, Runkle examined the processes of succession and regeneration after disturbance in old growth forest systems in the Appalachian Mountains by studying forest regeneration in gaps created by windfalls. Runkle ...
GARRY OAK ECOSYSTEMS RECOVERY TEAM
... their edge of the range Abstract: We present protocols and preliminary results from studies on butterfly populations at the edge of their geographic range in Garry oak meadows. Population size, resource availability, climate, genetic similarity, and local adaptation using caterpillar growth are meas ...
... their edge of the range Abstract: We present protocols and preliminary results from studies on butterfly populations at the edge of their geographic range in Garry oak meadows. Population size, resource availability, climate, genetic similarity, and local adaptation using caterpillar growth are meas ...
2006-05-10 – Dynamic and Succession of Ecosystems
... landslide) → primary succession ¾ Some form of disturbance (e.g. fire, severe windthrow) of an existing community → secondary succession ...
... landslide) → primary succession ¾ Some form of disturbance (e.g. fire, severe windthrow) of an existing community → secondary succession ...
Genetic analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L. and Populus
... organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur, including diversity at the levels of individual, species and community (Jensen et al. 1993). It is driven fundamentally by diversity at the individual level. Thus, genetic diversity is the foundation of all biodiversity. Genetic diversity i ...
... organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur, including diversity at the levels of individual, species and community (Jensen et al. 1993). It is driven fundamentally by diversity at the individual level. Thus, genetic diversity is the foundation of all biodiversity. Genetic diversity i ...
Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas
... animals cluster there to conduct some important life history function, and other patches of the same habitat type may not be Ecological and Biological Significant because they are not regularly used for that function. Likewise, because the mosaic of habitat types present varies across Canada’s marin ...
... animals cluster there to conduct some important life history function, and other patches of the same habitat type may not be Ecological and Biological Significant because they are not regularly used for that function. Likewise, because the mosaic of habitat types present varies across Canada’s marin ...
Answers - Hodder Plus Home
... 1 Allows systems to be divided into parts, or components, which can each be studied separately (reductionist approach). Allows a system to be studied as a whole, and patterns and processes described for the whole system (holistic approach). Allows different subjects to be approached in the same way ...
... 1 Allows systems to be divided into parts, or components, which can each be studied separately (reductionist approach). Allows a system to be studied as a whole, and patterns and processes described for the whole system (holistic approach). Allows different subjects to be approached in the same way ...
Oecologia (1992) 92:58-64 ?-;- Oecologia ? Springer-Verlag 1992
... actions between two species of Tribolium beetles (Park 1948). These studies were influential at the time in helping might competition imagine how interspecific ecologists function in nature, and they are still widely discussed in on comgeneral ecology textbooks as model experiments petition (for exa ...
... actions between two species of Tribolium beetles (Park 1948). These studies were influential at the time in helping might competition imagine how interspecific ecologists function in nature, and they are still widely discussed in on comgeneral ecology textbooks as model experiments petition (for exa ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.