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Ecology, 2e - Sinauer Associates
... stick to other cells, preventing them from reaching the spleen where they would be destroyed. Proteins on the knobs vary greatly from one individual parasite to the next, making it very difficult for the human immune system to detect them. ...
... stick to other cells, preventing them from reaching the spleen where they would be destroyed. Proteins on the knobs vary greatly from one individual parasite to the next, making it very difficult for the human immune system to detect them. ...
The impacts of invasive plant species on the biodiversity of
... invade while others contribute relatively little to total plant biomass even though they are abundant. It is possible for a species to be relatively uncommon, or contribute only a small amount to total biomass and yet have a disproportional influence on biodiversity or ecosystem function relative to ...
... invade while others contribute relatively little to total plant biomass even though they are abundant. It is possible for a species to be relatively uncommon, or contribute only a small amount to total biomass and yet have a disproportional influence on biodiversity or ecosystem function relative to ...
- WIT Repository
... effect of variation in relative abundance can be isolated by exploring the diversity effect ...
... effect of variation in relative abundance can be isolated by exploring the diversity effect ...
as a PDF
... Summers are hot (maximum mean monthly temperature of 28.2 °C in February and March), while winters are mild with occasional frost (minimum mean monthly temperature of 2.9 °C in June). The growing period is controlled by temperature and rainfall, with most annual dry-matter production occurring betwe ...
... Summers are hot (maximum mean monthly temperature of 28.2 °C in February and March), while winters are mild with occasional frost (minimum mean monthly temperature of 2.9 °C in June). The growing period is controlled by temperature and rainfall, with most annual dry-matter production occurring betwe ...
Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant
... Species pairs and assemblages can occur across large geographic regions, although very little is known about the degree to which this occurs and the outcome of species interactions across such spatial scales. Nevertheless, ecologists and evolutionary biologists commonly draw conclusions about inters ...
... Species pairs and assemblages can occur across large geographic regions, although very little is known about the degree to which this occurs and the outcome of species interactions across such spatial scales. Nevertheless, ecologists and evolutionary biologists commonly draw conclusions about inters ...
Biological Diversity - Punjab Biodiversity Board
... such as taste or flavour, can be perceived by other senses; and some are invisible, such as susceptibility to disease. ...
... such as taste or flavour, can be perceived by other senses; and some are invisible, such as susceptibility to disease. ...
QUESTION: Review
... alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms - The remaining organisms form “building blocks” which help shape the process of succession - Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging • Climax community = remains in place with few changes - Until another disturbance restarts succession ...
... alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms - The remaining organisms form “building blocks” which help shape the process of succession - Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging • Climax community = remains in place with few changes - Until another disturbance restarts succession ...
Powerpoint - Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable
... based on social, economic, and ecological factors, to provide a framework for national assessments of rangelands and rangeland use. ...
... based on social, economic, and ecological factors, to provide a framework for national assessments of rangelands and rangeland use. ...
Trait selection during food web assembly
... convert into new biomass. Such parameterized models have been studied to address the stability of consumer–resource systems (Yodzis and Innes 1992; Vasseur and McCann 2005). However, the implications of body mass constraints on coexistence have not been elucidated so far in speciesrich food webs. Du ...
... convert into new biomass. Such parameterized models have been studied to address the stability of consumer–resource systems (Yodzis and Innes 1992; Vasseur and McCann 2005). However, the implications of body mass constraints on coexistence have not been elucidated so far in speciesrich food webs. Du ...
The assembly of forest communities according to maximum species
... et al. 2008). It is also possible that some traits will contribute to competitive interactions for some combinations of species, while contributing to niche differentiation for others ...
... et al. 2008). It is also possible that some traits will contribute to competitive interactions for some combinations of species, while contributing to niche differentiation for others ...
An introduction to restoration genetics
... competitors, etc. (White and Walker 1997). If a group of organisms (say, a population of species X) were to live in a completely stable physical and biological environment, then a relatively narrow range of phenotypes might be optimally adapted to those conditions. Under these circumstances, Species ...
... competitors, etc. (White and Walker 1997). If a group of organisms (say, a population of species X) were to live in a completely stable physical and biological environment, then a relatively narrow range of phenotypes might be optimally adapted to those conditions. Under these circumstances, Species ...
Introduction: - Library - Conservation International
... Measuring both the extent and effectiveness of protected areas is regarded as a useful indicator for meeting large-scale biodiversity targets (Chape et al, 2005) ...
... Measuring both the extent and effectiveness of protected areas is regarded as a useful indicator for meeting large-scale biodiversity targets (Chape et al, 2005) ...
Vermicology I - Annelid Resources at annelida.net
... fertilisation and E. eudrilidae produces cocoons that are dark coloured and a tapered lemon- ...
... fertilisation and E. eudrilidae produces cocoons that are dark coloured and a tapered lemon- ...
Alpine and Arctic Ecosystems
... Klanderud K, Birks HJB (2003). Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants. Holocene 13:1-6 [Increased species richness was found on 19 of 23 mountains in central Norway during a recent 68-year observation period. Lowland species, dwarf s ...
... Klanderud K, Birks HJB (2003). Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants. Holocene 13:1-6 [Increased species richness was found on 19 of 23 mountains in central Norway during a recent 68-year observation period. Lowland species, dwarf s ...
The role of dispersal in shaping plant community Kathryn M. Flinn
... by local processes (Driscoll & Lindenmayer 2009). Better-dispersed species would also be expected to track environmental gradients more closely (Beisner et al. 2006; van de Meutter, de Meester & Stoks 2007; Vanschoenwinkel et al. 2007). Comparing different sets of species within the same communities ...
... by local processes (Driscoll & Lindenmayer 2009). Better-dispersed species would also be expected to track environmental gradients more closely (Beisner et al. 2006; van de Meutter, de Meester & Stoks 2007; Vanschoenwinkel et al. 2007). Comparing different sets of species within the same communities ...
Introduction: - Library - Conservation International
... Measuring both the extent and effectiveness of protected areas is regarded as a useful indicator for meeting large-scale biodiversity targets (Chape et al, 2005) ...
... Measuring both the extent and effectiveness of protected areas is regarded as a useful indicator for meeting large-scale biodiversity targets (Chape et al, 2005) ...
Chapter 23 the early Tracheophytes
... After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ■ List the traits that all true fungi share. Explain why some organisms commonly called fungi are excluded from the kingdom fungi. ■ Describe the general structure of the fungal body. Contrast mycelial forms of fungi with yeast forms. Define the ter ...
... After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ■ List the traits that all true fungi share. Explain why some organisms commonly called fungi are excluded from the kingdom fungi. ■ Describe the general structure of the fungal body. Contrast mycelial forms of fungi with yeast forms. Define the ter ...
On the Links Between Managerial Actions, Keystone Species
... Within a specific ecological-economic system, each species is generally linked to and also depends on other species. In addition, each species also contributes to the overall unity of this ecological-economic system. Even so, although all species contribute to the functioning of an ecological-econom ...
... Within a specific ecological-economic system, each species is generally linked to and also depends on other species. In addition, each species also contributes to the overall unity of this ecological-economic system. Even so, although all species contribute to the functioning of an ecological-econom ...
The community context of species` borders: ecological and
... One explanation is that there may not be sufficient genetic variation in the population for natural selection, given the intensity of selection. As shown by Holt and Gomulkiewicz (1997), adaptation in marginal populations requires the availability of genetic variation simply for population persisten ...
... One explanation is that there may not be sufficient genetic variation in the population for natural selection, given the intensity of selection. As shown by Holt and Gomulkiewicz (1997), adaptation in marginal populations requires the availability of genetic variation simply for population persisten ...
Niche construction, co-evolution and biodiversity
... engineers can regulate energy and mass flows, as well as trophic patterns, without necessarily being part of those flows/patterns. These interactions form an “engineering web” that, together with the well-established trophic interactions, regulates ecosystem functioning (Jones et al., 1994). Odling- ...
... engineers can regulate energy and mass flows, as well as trophic patterns, without necessarily being part of those flows/patterns. These interactions form an “engineering web” that, together with the well-established trophic interactions, regulates ecosystem functioning (Jones et al., 1994). Odling- ...
Variation in Body Shape across Species and Populations in a
... selection relative to neutral processes in governing local adaptation and differentiation among species and populations remains poorly understood [21]. Adaptive radiations often produce species that differ in traits specifically associated with acquiring resources from the environment. As such, comm ...
... selection relative to neutral processes in governing local adaptation and differentiation among species and populations remains poorly understood [21]. Adaptive radiations often produce species that differ in traits specifically associated with acquiring resources from the environment. As such, comm ...
Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering
... 1. One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change durin ...
... 1. One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change durin ...
Using Historical and Experimental Data to Reveal
... studies and potential mechanisms that underlie any observed patterns. These studies increase the ability to assign causation of biotic changes to abiotic variables. However, manipulative field experiments have their own limitations, such as limited replication ...
... studies and potential mechanisms that underlie any observed patterns. These studies increase the ability to assign causation of biotic changes to abiotic variables. However, manipulative field experiments have their own limitations, such as limited replication ...
as a PDF
... species richness of communities to the disturbance frequency experienced locally (Connell 1978). Maximal species richness is often observed at intermediate disturbance frequencies because few species can tolerate high disturbances and another set of relatively few species are present in climax state ...
... species richness of communities to the disturbance frequency experienced locally (Connell 1978). Maximal species richness is often observed at intermediate disturbance frequencies because few species can tolerate high disturbances and another set of relatively few species are present in climax state ...
Journal of Arid Environments
... Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from saline areas could be a critical issue for success in recovering areas affected by salinity, either in natural environments or in agricultural lands. Despite its important role, there is little information on the distribution and abundance of the differ ...
... Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from saline areas could be a critical issue for success in recovering areas affected by salinity, either in natural environments or in agricultural lands. Despite its important role, there is little information on the distribution and abundance of the differ ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.