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Oviposition preference and life history traits in cactophilic Drosophila
... selection, therefore, life history traits lay at the base of our understanding of the processes related to the evolution of host plant utilization, along with the knowledge of chemical, physical and distributional properties of the hosts plants. Thus, adaptation to new hosts may lead to life history ...
... selection, therefore, life history traits lay at the base of our understanding of the processes related to the evolution of host plant utilization, along with the knowledge of chemical, physical and distributional properties of the hosts plants. Thus, adaptation to new hosts may lead to life history ...
Effects of Habitat-Forming Species Richness, Evenness, Identity
... habitat quality [5], thereby reducing ecosystem services, such as fisheries and enhanced coastal production and water purification provided by biodiversity [6]. Therefore, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning has become one of the main areas of focus in ecology [7–9]. Even ...
... habitat quality [5], thereby reducing ecosystem services, such as fisheries and enhanced coastal production and water purification provided by biodiversity [6]. Therefore, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning has become one of the main areas of focus in ecology [7–9]. Even ...
Variable elements of metacommunity structure across an aquatic
... environmental gradients) (Gleason 1926), and evenly-spaced (i.e. species ranges are arranged evenly along environmental gradients) (Tilman 1982) gradients. Disentangling these distributional patterns stems from long-standing and intense debates in ecology. For instance, species poor communities may ...
... environmental gradients) (Gleason 1926), and evenly-spaced (i.e. species ranges are arranged evenly along environmental gradients) (Tilman 1982) gradients. Disentangling these distributional patterns stems from long-standing and intense debates in ecology. For instance, species poor communities may ...
Habitat filtering by landscape and local forest composition in native
... interactions with introduced exotic species, or were the indirect consequence of habitat alteration. Habitat fragmentation and matrix permeability driven by anthropogenic land use might indeed limit species’ coexistence at a landscape scale, by altering population persistence and exchanges within na ...
... interactions with introduced exotic species, or were the indirect consequence of habitat alteration. Habitat fragmentation and matrix permeability driven by anthropogenic land use might indeed limit species’ coexistence at a landscape scale, by altering population persistence and exchanges within na ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... 39. One assumption of the theory of island biogeography is that _______ population sizes of species will _______. a. small; decrease the likelihood of speciation b. small; increase the likelihood of speciation c. large; increase the species pool d. large; decrease the species pool e. None of the abo ...
... 39. One assumption of the theory of island biogeography is that _______ population sizes of species will _______. a. small; decrease the likelihood of speciation b. small; increase the likelihood of speciation c. large; increase the species pool d. large; decrease the species pool e. None of the abo ...
Community Ecology
... Fretwell (1977) - alternation of regulatory mechanisms; Hairston and Hairston (1993) applied this to terrestrial vs. aquatic trophic levels (different numbers of trophic levels) And another thing: "it makes no sense to ask why the world is green while standing in the middle of the Atacama desert or ...
... Fretwell (1977) - alternation of regulatory mechanisms; Hairston and Hairston (1993) applied this to terrestrial vs. aquatic trophic levels (different numbers of trophic levels) And another thing: "it makes no sense to ask why the world is green while standing in the middle of the Atacama desert or ...
Habitat destruction and metacommunity size in pen
... Metapopulation theory has been used to explain how sources and sinks allow species persistence in habitat fragments (e.g. Gonzalez et al. 1998; Mouquet & Loreau 2003). Similarly, habitat destruction involves the removal of a local community (or fragment, if the community is already fragmented) from ...
... Metapopulation theory has been used to explain how sources and sinks allow species persistence in habitat fragments (e.g. Gonzalez et al. 1998; Mouquet & Loreau 2003). Similarly, habitat destruction involves the removal of a local community (or fragment, if the community is already fragmented) from ...
Evolution in Response to Direct and Indirect Effects in Pitcher Plant
... Interactions between organisms and their environment are tightly linked to the evolutionary history of the species, so it follows that the ecology of a community should be linked to the evolutionary history of the species in the community. Yet few experimental studies have incorporated evolutionary ...
... Interactions between organisms and their environment are tightly linked to the evolutionary history of the species, so it follows that the ecology of a community should be linked to the evolutionary history of the species in the community. Yet few experimental studies have incorporated evolutionary ...
A hierarchical deductive approach for functional types in disturbed
... most models of vegetation dynamics examining the interactions between plant life histories and the spatial and temporal variability of the environment, especially through disturbance, have considered at least two levels, the local community where successional dynamics is proceeding, and the landscap ...
... most models of vegetation dynamics examining the interactions between plant life histories and the spatial and temporal variability of the environment, especially through disturbance, have considered at least two levels, the local community where successional dynamics is proceeding, and the landscap ...
Introduction to Evolution
... ovum. The same conclusion applies to all organisms that reproduce sexually; every individual represents a unique genetic configuration that will likely never be repeated again. This enormous reservoir of genetic variation in natural populations provides virtually unlimited opportunities for evolutio ...
... ovum. The same conclusion applies to all organisms that reproduce sexually; every individual represents a unique genetic configuration that will likely never be repeated again. This enormous reservoir of genetic variation in natural populations provides virtually unlimited opportunities for evolutio ...
Plant Use in Desert Climates - Looking Forward to Sustainable
... few other trees in the area and those that are found are all Acacia species. It may be seen to be good also because in ecological terms it provides shelter and nesting places for native birds, rodents and insects and also it has a positive effect on the physical and visual landscape character of the ...
... few other trees in the area and those that are found are all Acacia species. It may be seen to be good also because in ecological terms it provides shelter and nesting places for native birds, rodents and insects and also it has a positive effect on the physical and visual landscape character of the ...
Ecological non-monotonicity and its effects on complexity and
... in both space and time, and organisms are strongly affected by extreme environmental changes. There may be several mechanisms which could result in non-monotonic response. First, organism would not survive when an ecological factor is insufficient or in excess as indicated by the law of tolerance (Sh ...
... in both space and time, and organisms are strongly affected by extreme environmental changes. There may be several mechanisms which could result in non-monotonic response. First, organism would not survive when an ecological factor is insufficient or in excess as indicated by the law of tolerance (Sh ...
introduction to invasive alien species
... Invasive species – a species that has established and spread – or has the potential to do so – outside of its natural distribution range, and which then threatens ecosystems, habitats and/or other species, potentially causing economic and/or environmental damage, or harm to human health. The majorit ...
... Invasive species – a species that has established and spread – or has the potential to do so – outside of its natural distribution range, and which then threatens ecosystems, habitats and/or other species, potentially causing economic and/or environmental damage, or harm to human health. The majorit ...
Summer 2015 packet
... Chapter 51: Behavioral Biology(Campbell) Chapter 39.3-39.6 (Urry) Timing and coordination of behaviors are regulated by various mechanisms and are important in natural selection. Individuals can act on information and communicate to others ...
... Chapter 51: Behavioral Biology(Campbell) Chapter 39.3-39.6 (Urry) Timing and coordination of behaviors are regulated by various mechanisms and are important in natural selection. Individuals can act on information and communicate to others ...
Assembly history dictates ecosystem functioning
... comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Potential links between assembly history, community structure and ecosystem functioning are not necessarily straightforward. For example, even a small historical effect on community structure may result in large variation in ecosystem functioning ...
... comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Potential links between assembly history, community structure and ecosystem functioning are not necessarily straightforward. For example, even a small historical effect on community structure may result in large variation in ecosystem functioning ...
Long-term ecological dynamics: reciprocal
... Many ecological dynamics occur over time-scales that are well beyond the duration of conventional experiments or observations. One useful approach to overcome this problem is extrapolation of temporal dynamics from spatial variation. We review two complementary variants of this approach that have be ...
... Many ecological dynamics occur over time-scales that are well beyond the duration of conventional experiments or observations. One useful approach to overcome this problem is extrapolation of temporal dynamics from spatial variation. We review two complementary variants of this approach that have be ...
pdf file
... (56%)Oxylophages (24%)Oroot-feeders (10%) (see table 1). The proportion of genus specialists (but not species specialists) follows the same pattern. With the exception of xylophages, which feed on dead plant material, all endophytic guilds are thus more specialized than the external feeders. These c ...
... (56%)Oxylophages (24%)Oroot-feeders (10%) (see table 1). The proportion of genus specialists (but not species specialists) follows the same pattern. With the exception of xylophages, which feed on dead plant material, all endophytic guilds are thus more specialized than the external feeders. These c ...
Succession
... 2. Secondary succession is when plants grow in an area that ________________________ _______________________________, such as a field or forest that was cleared or burned. _______________________ succession is ________________________________ than primary succession. Secondary succession occurs i ...
... 2. Secondary succession is when plants grow in an area that ________________________ _______________________________, such as a field or forest that was cleared or burned. _______________________ succession is ________________________________ than primary succession. Secondary succession occurs i ...
Word - Nature Works Everywhere
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
THE NEED IS MUTUAL - natureworkseverywhere.org
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
... different species to coexist. Part 2: Explore 1. Have students brainstorm, based on the video, specific examples of interactions between pairs of organisms. To help students relate to organisms with which they might be familiar, have them use their knowledge about plants and animals to think of othe ...
The rich invertebrate community in tropical epiphytes: a survey of the
... Studies on canopy insects have also shown very diverse communities, where some insects are tourists (sensu Moran & Southwood, 1982), others are habitat generalists that move between forest strata, whilst some are specialists well adapted to the particular niches available in trees – e.g. leaves, bar ...
... Studies on canopy insects have also shown very diverse communities, where some insects are tourists (sensu Moran & Southwood, 1982), others are habitat generalists that move between forest strata, whilst some are specialists well adapted to the particular niches available in trees – e.g. leaves, bar ...
the role of competition in structuring ant
... ants (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990). However, other factors that act on different spatial scales may make it difficult to visualize the occurrence of competition (Schoereder & Ribas 2007). Although, studies on the role of competition in ant communities have advanced considerably over the history of ecol ...
... ants (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990). However, other factors that act on different spatial scales may make it difficult to visualize the occurrence of competition (Schoereder & Ribas 2007). Although, studies on the role of competition in ant communities have advanced considerably over the history of ecol ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 1. The diversity of pathogens on highly abundant introduced hosts has been positively correlated with time since introduction, geographical range of the introduced species and diversity of invaded habitats. However, little is known about the ecological effects of pathogen accumulation on nonnative i ...
... 1. The diversity of pathogens on highly abundant introduced hosts has been positively correlated with time since introduction, geographical range of the introduced species and diversity of invaded habitats. However, little is known about the ecological effects of pathogen accumulation on nonnative i ...
Community stability and selective extinction during the Permian
... microphytes, aquatic macrophytes, terrestrial production accessible to insects and amniotes, and terrestrial production available to insects only (arboreal amniotes were absent from the Beaufort Group). Although paleontological data lack details of biotic interactions that are available for modern s ...
... microphytes, aquatic macrophytes, terrestrial production accessible to insects and amniotes, and terrestrial production available to insects only (arboreal amniotes were absent from the Beaufort Group). Although paleontological data lack details of biotic interactions that are available for modern s ...
Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey
... We searched Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science for peerreviewed articles published in 2010 and 2011 using the following keywords: introduced species, alien species, nonindigenous species, non-native species, colonizing species or exotic species; we then combined that search with one using the keywords ...
... We searched Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science for peerreviewed articles published in 2010 and 2011 using the following keywords: introduced species, alien species, nonindigenous species, non-native species, colonizing species or exotic species; we then combined that search with one using the keywords ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.