The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... phine withdrawal-induced CPA (Maldonado et al., 1992; Stinus et al., 1990). Furthermore, we and other groups reported that excitotoxic lesion of the Ce (Kelsey and Arnold, 1994; Watanabe et al., 2002b), or microinjection of -adrenoceptor antagonists into the Ce (Watanabe et al., 2003) or the BST (D ...
... phine withdrawal-induced CPA (Maldonado et al., 1992; Stinus et al., 1990). Furthermore, we and other groups reported that excitotoxic lesion of the Ce (Kelsey and Arnold, 1994; Watanabe et al., 2002b), or microinjection of -adrenoceptor antagonists into the Ce (Watanabe et al., 2003) or the BST (D ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... leading to different neuronal output firing patterns and muscle activations when the animal is presented the same stimulus. Thus, even if the synaptic state of a living organism was determined at some point in time, it will be different in the future. All these problems currently prohibit the construct ...
... leading to different neuronal output firing patterns and muscle activations when the animal is presented the same stimulus. Thus, even if the synaptic state of a living organism was determined at some point in time, it will be different in the future. All these problems currently prohibit the construct ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... mapped onto a layer 5 pyramidal neuron morphology, which can allow dendrites to act as computational elements. These mechanisms can coexist in the same neuron and be active in parallel or in a hierarchical manner. Bottom left: Passive dendrites act as passive filters. A high-frequency fluctuating cu ...
... mapped onto a layer 5 pyramidal neuron morphology, which can allow dendrites to act as computational elements. These mechanisms can coexist in the same neuron and be active in parallel or in a hierarchical manner. Bottom left: Passive dendrites act as passive filters. A high-frequency fluctuating cu ...
Background - Harvard University
... Around this time, Thorndike’s (1911) Law of Effect postulated that a reward increases the frequency and intensity of a specific behavioral act that has resulted in a reward before or, as a common interpretation has it, “rewards make you come back for more.” This definition comes close to the idea of ...
... Around this time, Thorndike’s (1911) Law of Effect postulated that a reward increases the frequency and intensity of a specific behavioral act that has resulted in a reward before or, as a common interpretation has it, “rewards make you come back for more.” This definition comes close to the idea of ...
“left or right” Decision-making beyond
... conceptual models of decision-making into biophysically realistic systems. These neural network models are then used to simulate and predict neural activity during the choice process. Before getting started by reviewing state of the art experimental and modeling approaches on decision-making, it is ...
... conceptual models of decision-making into biophysically realistic systems. These neural network models are then used to simulate and predict neural activity during the choice process. Before getting started by reviewing state of the art experimental and modeling approaches on decision-making, it is ...
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
... First, behavioral data have shown that the much slower saccades to remembered targets in darkness obey their own nonlinear main sequence, in which the velocity asymptote is considerably lower than for visually triggered saccades [37]. Second, neurons in the abducens and oculomotor nuclei reach firin ...
... First, behavioral data have shown that the much slower saccades to remembered targets in darkness obey their own nonlinear main sequence, in which the velocity asymptote is considerably lower than for visually triggered saccades [37]. Second, neurons in the abducens and oculomotor nuclei reach firin ...
Zebrafish foxd3 is selectively required for neural crest specification
... R.A. Stewart et al. / Developmental Biology 292 (2006) 174–188 ...
... R.A. Stewart et al. / Developmental Biology 292 (2006) 174–188 ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... 5. The transmission of the nerve impulse: In neurons, information passes from dendrites through the cell body and down the axon. This is easy to remember because when you pick up an object, the sensation travels from your fingers through your hand, and down your arm. Transmission of information thro ...
... 5. The transmission of the nerve impulse: In neurons, information passes from dendrites through the cell body and down the axon. This is easy to remember because when you pick up an object, the sensation travels from your fingers through your hand, and down your arm. Transmission of information thro ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... FEF is retinotopically organized and has a map of visual field eccentricity (Schall, 2009). Many functionally different types of neurons have been identified in FEF. Movement neurons begin to fire approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson ...
... FEF is retinotopically organized and has a map of visual field eccentricity (Schall, 2009). Many functionally different types of neurons have been identified in FEF. Movement neurons begin to fire approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... information from the different sensory systems. These sensory representations are the framework in which the motor systems plan, coordinate, and execute the motor programs responsible for purposeful movement. In this part of the book we shall learn how the motor systems of the brain and spinal cord ...
... information from the different sensory systems. These sensory representations are the framework in which the motor systems plan, coordinate, and execute the motor programs responsible for purposeful movement. In this part of the book we shall learn how the motor systems of the brain and spinal cord ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... evidence that those REM-active neurons were cholinergic. For example, Steriade and colleagues demonstrated that most pontine neurons projecting to the thalamus are active during both REM sleep and wake (Steriade et al., 1990a,b). As both cholinergic and non-cholinergic (presumably glutamatergic) neu ...
... evidence that those REM-active neurons were cholinergic. For example, Steriade and colleagues demonstrated that most pontine neurons projecting to the thalamus are active during both REM sleep and wake (Steriade et al., 1990a,b). As both cholinergic and non-cholinergic (presumably glutamatergic) neu ...
Neural Networks
... Want to learn not only by reading, but also by coding? Use SNIPE! SNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA library that implements a framework for neural networks in a speedy, feature-rich and usable way. It is available at no cost for non-commercial purposes. It was originally designed for high performanc ...
... Want to learn not only by reading, but also by coding? Use SNIPE! SNIPE 1 is a well-documented JAVA library that implements a framework for neural networks in a speedy, feature-rich and usable way. It is available at no cost for non-commercial purposes. It was originally designed for high performanc ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... represents feedforward inhibition in region CA1 due to activity of the Schaffer collaterals from region CA3, and C.,H,, represents feedback inhibition within region CAl. Each inhibitory connectivity matrix was uniform, with individual components of strength 0.1. In some cases, inhibition could induc ...
... represents feedforward inhibition in region CA1 due to activity of the Schaffer collaterals from region CA3, and C.,H,, represents feedback inhibition within region CAl. Each inhibitory connectivity matrix was uniform, with individual components of strength 0.1. In some cases, inhibition could induc ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... Mecp2/y mice [9, 10], no studies so far analyzed and compared total transcriptional activity of wild-type versus mutant neuronal nuclei. Such measurements necessitate access to uniform populations of neurons. Indeed, nuclear size has long been known to correlate with transcriptional activity and ne ...
... Mecp2/y mice [9, 10], no studies so far analyzed and compared total transcriptional activity of wild-type versus mutant neuronal nuclei. Such measurements necessitate access to uniform populations of neurons. Indeed, nuclear size has long been known to correlate with transcriptional activity and ne ...
Modulation of premotor circuits controlling locomotor activity by
... Locomotion is one of the most vivid expressions of the central nervous system in action. Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated moto ...
... Locomotion is one of the most vivid expressions of the central nervous system in action. Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated moto ...
Article - Leslie Vosshall - The Rockefeller University
... Or83b/Gr21a flies, cyclohexanol induced a significant volume increase in the V glomerulus (Figure 2F, right). We conclude that neuronal activity in the OSNs is sufficient to induce neuroanatomical modulation of the V glomerulus. This experiment also allows us to exclude the possibility that the CO2- ...
... Or83b/Gr21a flies, cyclohexanol induced a significant volume increase in the V glomerulus (Figure 2F, right). We conclude that neuronal activity in the OSNs is sufficient to induce neuroanatomical modulation of the V glomerulus. This experiment also allows us to exclude the possibility that the CO2- ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... loss in the fetal mesencephalic cultures, an effect which could be partially reversed by treatment with cystatin C. Moreover, in vivo DA neurons survival study showed that administration of cystatin C in rats with 6OHDA-induced lesion partially rescued the nigral DA neurons. The results indicate tha ...
... loss in the fetal mesencephalic cultures, an effect which could be partially reversed by treatment with cystatin C. Moreover, in vivo DA neurons survival study showed that administration of cystatin C in rats with 6OHDA-induced lesion partially rescued the nigral DA neurons. The results indicate tha ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... has been postulated to mediate extinction learning and may determine the efficacy of exposure therapy often used as part of cognitive behavioral therapy, it is important to discern how changes in the development of prefrontal circuitry influences fear extinction. Studying the development of fear learn ...
... has been postulated to mediate extinction learning and may determine the efficacy of exposure therapy often used as part of cognitive behavioral therapy, it is important to discern how changes in the development of prefrontal circuitry influences fear extinction. Studying the development of fear learn ...
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... Many factors contributed to this accomplishment. Most importantly I think was a great deal of luck. I was lucky enough to possess the capacity to learn easily and to come to a world with a variety of choices and little barriers for those eager to learn. Added to this came hard work , good advice and ...
... Many factors contributed to this accomplishment. Most importantly I think was a great deal of luck. I was lucky enough to possess the capacity to learn easily and to come to a world with a variety of choices and little barriers for those eager to learn. Added to this came hard work , good advice and ...
Signal processing methods in Sleep Research
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
... Slow wave sleep predominates in the first third of the night and is linked to the initiation of sleep. REM sleep predominates in the last 3rd of the night. Wakefulness in sleep usually accounts for less than 5% of the night. N1 generally constitutes 2 to 5% of sleep. N2 generally constitutes 45 to 5 ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... release of gut hormones and digestive enzymes before the ingested nutrients have induced a systemic hormonal response, is also dependent on the vagus nerve and its inputs from the gustatory, piriform, and prefrontal cortices (17). In fact, vagally-mediated exocrine secretion in the cephalic phase ac ...
... release of gut hormones and digestive enzymes before the ingested nutrients have induced a systemic hormonal response, is also dependent on the vagus nerve and its inputs from the gustatory, piriform, and prefrontal cortices (17). In fact, vagally-mediated exocrine secretion in the cephalic phase ac ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.