The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... Our specific link with the hippocampus is made by the fact that SuM has recently been shown to contain cells that can control plasticity in the hippocampus via monosynaptic input. It also contains other cells that control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activi ...
... Our specific link with the hippocampus is made by the fact that SuM has recently been shown to contain cells that can control plasticity in the hippocampus via monosynaptic input. It also contains other cells that control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activi ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
MODELING THE MIRROR: GRASP LEARNING AND ACTION
... The time I had at USC during the Ph.D. route was a very enriching period of my life. I had the opportunity to work in an exciting and stimulating research environment, led by Michael Arbib. I would like to present my deepest gratitude to The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBIT ...
... The time I had at USC during the Ph.D. route was a very enriching period of my life. I had the opportunity to work in an exciting and stimulating research environment, led by Michael Arbib. I would like to present my deepest gratitude to The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBIT ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... greater than the axonal refractory period, but not when the interpulse interval was 2.2 ms (Fig. 1, trace 4). RVLM-evoked discharge of adrenal SPNs. All of the adrenal SPNs were excited by paired stimuli applied to the region of the RVLM containing sympathetic premotor neurons. Most of the SPNs resp ...
... greater than the axonal refractory period, but not when the interpulse interval was 2.2 ms (Fig. 1, trace 4). RVLM-evoked discharge of adrenal SPNs. All of the adrenal SPNs were excited by paired stimuli applied to the region of the RVLM containing sympathetic premotor neurons. Most of the SPNs resp ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
... function in the mature central nervous system (e.g. support of neurons, blood–brain barrier formation, and modulation of neuronal activity) are probably very similar at the molecular level. Key aspects of neuronal development – from axon pathfinding to the sculpting of synaptic connections – are als ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... The hypothalamus has a critical role in the regulation of feeding behavior, energy metabolism and reproduction. Galanin-like peptide (GALP), a novel 60 amino-acid peptide with a nonamidated C-terminus, was first discovered in porcine hypothalamus. GALP is mainly produced in the hypothalamic arcuate ...
... The hypothalamus has a critical role in the regulation of feeding behavior, energy metabolism and reproduction. Galanin-like peptide (GALP), a novel 60 amino-acid peptide with a nonamidated C-terminus, was first discovered in porcine hypothalamus. GALP is mainly produced in the hypothalamic arcuate ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... Keywords: normalization, multielectrode recordings, noise correlation, visual cortex ...
... Keywords: normalization, multielectrode recordings, noise correlation, visual cortex ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... The dendritic tree of a typical projection neuron in the mammalian brain contains thousands of dendritic spines, which serve as the postsynaptic sites for the vast majority of excitatory synapses (Harris, 1999). Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that undergo changes in size, shape, and ...
... The dendritic tree of a typical projection neuron in the mammalian brain contains thousands of dendritic spines, which serve as the postsynaptic sites for the vast majority of excitatory synapses (Harris, 1999). Dendritic spines are highly dynamic structures that undergo changes in size, shape, and ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... • Circadian arousal is largely influenced by ocular exposure to light; thus it rises in the morning, declines with a gradual slope throughout the day, and then declines further beginning in the late evening. • Body temperature is also at its lowest in the early morning, rising throughout the morning ...
... • Circadian arousal is largely influenced by ocular exposure to light; thus it rises in the morning, declines with a gradual slope throughout the day, and then declines further beginning in the late evening. • Body temperature is also at its lowest in the early morning, rising throughout the morning ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromogen was then performed to reveal the NB-filled neuron (Doig et al., 2010). Sections were placed for 20 min in a preincubation solution containing the following: 80 ml of 0.1 M PB, pH 6.0, 4 ml of ammonium paratungstate (1% in deionized H2O), 1 ml of TMB (catal ...
... tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromogen was then performed to reveal the NB-filled neuron (Doig et al., 2010). Sections were placed for 20 min in a preincubation solution containing the following: 80 ml of 0.1 M PB, pH 6.0, 4 ml of ammonium paratungstate (1% in deionized H2O), 1 ml of TMB (catal ...
PDF
... Although primary neuronal cultures have been the most widely used system to study neuronal polarity, in vivo systems are essential for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) an ...
... Although primary neuronal cultures have been the most widely used system to study neuronal polarity, in vivo systems are essential for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) an ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... pyramidal neurons. A: changes in intracellular Na⫹ during action potentials are largest in the AIS. A L5 pyramidal neuron was filled with the Na⫹-sensitive dye SBFI and the variations in fluorescence measured at different distances from the axon hillock. The signal is larger in the AIS (25 m) and r ...
... pyramidal neurons. A: changes in intracellular Na⫹ during action potentials are largest in the AIS. A L5 pyramidal neuron was filled with the Na⫹-sensitive dye SBFI and the variations in fluorescence measured at different distances from the axon hillock. The signal is larger in the AIS (25 m) and r ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... For quantitative analysis of the data (Figs 3–7), we focused our analysis on the fast (positive) signal component evoked by odor stimulation, which is related to an intracellular calcium increase from the extracellular medium, thought to reflect mostly pre-synaptic neuronal activity from ORNs (Galizi ...
... For quantitative analysis of the data (Figs 3–7), we focused our analysis on the fast (positive) signal component evoked by odor stimulation, which is related to an intracellular calcium increase from the extracellular medium, thought to reflect mostly pre-synaptic neuronal activity from ORNs (Galizi ...
Reuss 9..48
... citations were found containing the word ªcircadianº. More than three thousand papers were listed when ªsuprachiasmatic nucleusº was searched for as keyword revealing that a large amount of knowledge on the structure and function of the circadian timing system is available to date. This discrepancy ...
... citations were found containing the word ªcircadianº. More than three thousand papers were listed when ªsuprachiasmatic nucleusº was searched for as keyword revealing that a large amount of knowledge on the structure and function of the circadian timing system is available to date. This discrepancy ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropi ...
... axis is formed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropi ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... 2005; Yoshida et al., 2006). These studies showed that orexin neurons are innervated by the lateral parabrachial nucleus, ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), medial and lateral preoptic areas, basal forebrain (BF), posterior/dorsomedial hypothalamus, VTA, and median raphe nuclei. Many upstream ne ...
... 2005; Yoshida et al., 2006). These studies showed that orexin neurons are innervated by the lateral parabrachial nucleus, ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), medial and lateral preoptic areas, basal forebrain (BF), posterior/dorsomedial hypothalamus, VTA, and median raphe nuclei. Many upstream ne ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... Chun and Shatz 1988b; Ghosh et al., 1990a). Kainic acid was diluted (10 mg/ml) in 0.9% sterile saline and used within 2 hours. In some cases, fluorescent latex microspheres (Lumafluor, NY) were added to the kainic acid solution (at a ratio of 1:9, microspheres: kainic acid) to mark the injection sit ...
... Chun and Shatz 1988b; Ghosh et al., 1990a). Kainic acid was diluted (10 mg/ml) in 0.9% sterile saline and used within 2 hours. In some cases, fluorescent latex microspheres (Lumafluor, NY) were added to the kainic acid solution (at a ratio of 1:9, microspheres: kainic acid) to mark the injection sit ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and cellular morphology. I conclude that matching EAP recordings are an excellent means of constrai ...
... action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and cellular morphology. I conclude that matching EAP recordings are an excellent means of constrai ...
PDF
... A family of small homodimeric proteins termed neurotrophins plays a key role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Some of the most extensive information on the function of these proteins has come from work on sensory neurons and their progenitors. At an early developmental stage, the ...
... A family of small homodimeric proteins termed neurotrophins plays a key role in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Some of the most extensive information on the function of these proteins has come from work on sensory neurons and their progenitors. At an early developmental stage, the ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
... atypical parkinsonism • Cells in PPN were more bursty, less oscillatory and had a lower firing rate than cells dorsal to it • Responses to passive movement and eye opening, dorsal to, ventral to, and within PPN • Describe LFP recordings in one patient above and within PPN – LFP spectrum chan ...
... atypical parkinsonism • Cells in PPN were more bursty, less oscillatory and had a lower firing rate than cells dorsal to it • Responses to passive movement and eye opening, dorsal to, ventral to, and within PPN • Describe LFP recordings in one patient above and within PPN – LFP spectrum chan ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
... In the absence of input, the contents of a STM buffer decay gradually, due to noise and a slow-AHP (modeled as a bi-exponential response with Erev = −70 mV, G = 0.01 nS, τrise = τf all = 3000 ms, an alpha function). When a buffer that is filled to capacity receives new input at a rapid pace, so that ...
... In the absence of input, the contents of a STM buffer decay gradually, due to noise and a slow-AHP (modeled as a bi-exponential response with Erev = −70 mV, G = 0.01 nS, τrise = τf all = 3000 ms, an alpha function). When a buffer that is filled to capacity receives new input at a rapid pace, so that ...
to the Proceedings
... Based on these considerations, in the last decade our research activity dealt with the study of synapses and extends from proteins and macromolecular complexes to morphological function and diseases. In particular, we investigated the molecular mechanisms leading to synaptic retention of NMDA-type g ...
... Based on these considerations, in the last decade our research activity dealt with the study of synapses and extends from proteins and macromolecular complexes to morphological function and diseases. In particular, we investigated the molecular mechanisms leading to synaptic retention of NMDA-type g ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.